ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DOS HIDROCARBONETOS EMITIDOS PELO GÁS DE ESCAPAMENTO DE UM VEÍCULO FLEX QUANDO ABASTECIDO COM E22 E COM E100.

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1 ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DOS HIDROCARBONETOS EMITIDOS PELO GÁS DE ESCAPAMENTO DE UM VEÍCULO FLEX QUANDO ABASTECIDO COM E22 E COM E. RESUMO: Laerte Graner; Irineu Secolo Garcia; Henry Joseph Jr. Volkswagen do Brasil O presente trabalho tem como objetivo qualificar, quantificar e comparar os hidrocarbonetos emitidos pelo gás de escapamento de um veículo flex fuel, quando abastecido com % de gasolina tipo C (E22) e com % de etanol hidratado combustível (E), visando comparar a reatividade específica do potencial de formação de ozônio atmosférico, dos gases provenientes destes dois combustíveis. A análise das emissões dos hidrocarbonetos foi feita por cromatografia gasosa, em analogia ao procedimento California NON-Methane Organic Gas Test procedures March 22, do CARB (California Air Resources Board). As medições dos gases de escapamento foram realizadas durante ensaios dinamométricos de chassis conforme norma NBR 1. 1.INTRODUÇÃO: Em função da inexistência no Brasil, de método, de equipamento de análise e de conhecimento para qualificar, quantificar e comparar os gases emitidos pelo gás de escapamento de um veículo flex fuel, quando abastecido com % com etanol hidratado (E) e com % de gasolinac22, a Volkswagen do Brasil realizou um estudo de detalhamento das emissões de NMHC emitidas pelo gás de escapamento, utilizando a técnica analítica por cromatografia gasosa por dessorção térmica e objetivando determinar a reatividade específica do potencial de formação de ozônio atmosférico dos gases provenientes destes dois combustíveis. O referido detalhamento foi realizado no Laboratório de Emissões da Volkswagen na Alemanha em Wolfsburg. Para o cálculo da reatividade dos NMHC foi empregado parte do conceito do California NON- Methane Organic Gas Test procedures March 22, ) do CARB (California Air Resources Board). 2. METODOLOGIAS UTILIZADAS: 2.1 PROCEDIMENTOS DE AMOSTRAGEM A amostragem dos gases para análise, procedentes dos gás de escapamento, foi feita através de um dispositivo que transfere parte dos gases contidos nos bags do CVS para pequenos bags de 25L. Esta transferência ocorreu imediatamente após o término de um ciclo completo de emissões conforme NBR PROCEDIMENTO DE ANÁLISE 1

2 Método de análise: a análise dos pequenos bags contendo as emissões hidrocarbonetos foi feita por cromatografia gasosa com dessorção térmica, com detetor FID, em analogia ao procedimento California NON-Methane Organic Gas Test procedures March 22, do CARB (California Air Resources Board). Figura nº 1 Equipamento de análise por cromatografia gasosa por dessorção térmica 3. CARACTERÍSTICAS DO VEÍCULO UTILIZADO E DO ENSAIO: Para estas avalições foi utilizado o veículo Polo BlueMotion 1.L EFlex de fabricação brasileira modelo ano /13 com aproximadamente 55 km de rodagem. O veículo foi testado em dinamômetro de chassis conforme o ciclo de ensaio da NBR 1. Para a aprendizagem do veículo em relação aos combustíveis, foi feito um ensaio de condicionamento antes de cada ensaio conforme NBR 1.. COMBUSTÍVEIS UTILIZADOS NOS ENSAIOS: Os combustíveis foram adquiridos no Brasil e exportadas para a Volkswagen em Wolfsburg na Alemanha..1 CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICO QUÍMICAS DA GASOLINA C22 (E22): Ver tabela nº 1 anexa.2 CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICO QUÍMICAS DO ETANOL HIDRATADO (E): Ver tabela nº 2 anexa. 5. ENSAIOS E RESULTADOS 5.1 CROMATOGRAMAS 2

3 ph ph 2ph ph CROMATOGRAMAS DA FASE 1 E22,77,72 2,2-DM-Butan,95 Cyclopenten 5,7 -M-1-Penten 5,153 (Cyclopentan) 3-M-1-Penten 5,21 2,3-DM-Butan 5,35 2-M-Pentan 5,3(-M-2-Penten[z]) MTBE 5,5 -M-2-Penten[tr] 5,721 (3-M-Pentan) 2-M-1-Penten 5,27 1-Hexen 5,9 3-Hexen[tr],9 (3-Hexen[z]) 2-Hexen(tr),2 3-M-2-Penten[tr],3 2-M-2-Penten,3 3-M-Cyclopenten,5 E CROMATOGRAMAS DA FASE 2 E22,7,75 2,2-DM-Butan,97 Cyclopenten 5,7 (-M-1-Penten) (3-M-1-Penten) (Cyclopentan) 2,3-DM-Butan 5,35 -M-2-Penten[z] 5,5 (2-M-Pentan) (-M-2-Penten[tr]) (3-M-Pentan) (2-M-1-Penten) 3-Hexen[tr],93 (3-Hexen[z]) (2-Hexen(tr)) 2-M-2-Penten, 3-M-Cyclopenten,523 3-M-2-Penten[tr],3 ETBE 2-Hexen[z],7,723 (2,2-DM-Pentan) (3-M-cis-2-Penten) 2-Hexen[z],722 Methylcyclopentan 7,1 2,DMPentan 7,177 7,5 2,2,3-TM-Butan 7,213 3,-DM-1-Penten 7,39 1-M-Cyclopenten 7,9 (Benzol) 3,3-DM-Pentan 7,77 ETBE,72 (3-M-cis-2-Penten) 2,2-DM-Pentan,911 Methylcyclopentan 7,37 Cyclohexen,2 (2,2,3,3-TetraM-Butan) 2,2,-TM-Pentan,2 2,DMPentan 7,17 7,139 2,2,3-TM-Butan 7,7,1 n-heptan,793 9,39 2,5-DMHexan 9,32 9, (2,2-DMHexan) C-Aliphat, 2,-DMHexan,3 2,3,-TM-Pentan,17??,991 11,9 Toluol 11,1 11,91 2-M-Heptan 11,597 (-M-Heptan) 3-M-Heptan 11,99 2,2,5-TM-Hexan,1,35 (n-octan) 13,1 13,7 1,1 1,9 3,-DM-1-Penten 7,399 1-M-Cyclopenten 7,95 1,399 15,52 15,27 C 15,33 (m,p-xylol) Ethylbenzol 15,52 (-M-Oktan) 3-M-Oktan 1,35 Styrol 1,17 (1-Nonen) (o-xylol) Benzol 7,33 7,71 3,3-DM-Pentan 7,52 Nonan 1,77 1,73 ((1M-E)-Benzol) 2,2-DM-Oktan 17,39 2,-DM-Oktan 17,59 2,-DM-Oktan 17,9 17,55 17,995 n-propylbenzol 1,3 1,211 (1M-E-Benzol) 1M-3E-Benzol 1,31 1,3,5-TM-Benzol 1,97 1M-2E-Benzol 1,59 1,2 1,2 1, 19,32 1,9 19,7 19,213 19,271 19,37 ((1,1DME)-Benzol) n-decan 19,727 1,2,-TM-Benzol 19,31 19,93 sec-butylbenzol,375,5,,735,25,95 1,2,3-TM-Benzol,9 Indan 21,133 21,237 1,3-DE-Benzol 21,35 1,-DEBenzol&n-Butylbenzol 21,22 1,2DE-Benzol 21,511 21,2 21,73 21,795 22,7 n-undecan 22,173 22,377 22,75 2,3-DM-Pentan,1 (1,2,,5-TM-Benzol) 1,2,3,-TM-Benzol&Butylbenzol 23,17 C-Benzol? 23,335 Cyclohexen,2 2,2,3,3-TetraM-Butan,3 2,2,-TM-Pentan,2 n-dodecan 2,53,9 2, 2,72 2,52 2,911 n-heptan,795 2,53 9,3 1,3,5-TE-Benzol 25,13 25,31 2,5-DMHexan 9,3 9,39 25,9 n-hexyl-benzol 25,1 (n-tridecan),23 9, 11,225 19,3,93 E,77, 2,2-DM-Butan,9 Cyclopenten 5,7 -M-1-Penten 5,15 (3-M-1-Penten) Cyclopentan 5,257 2,3-DM-Butan 5,353 -M-2-Penten[z] 5,55 (2-M-Pentan) (-M-2-Penten[tr]) (3-M-Pentan) (2-M-1-Penten) 3-Hexen[tr],9 3-Hexen[z],12 (2-Hexen(tr)) 3-M-2-Penten[tr],33 2-M-2-Penten,11 3-M-Cyclopenten,513 ETBE 2-Hexen[z],757,719 (3-M-cis-2-Penten) (2,2-DM-Pentan) (Methylcyclopentan) (1-M-Cyclopenten) (2,2,3-TM-Butan) 3,-DM-1-Penten 7,35 Benzol 7,757 (3,3-DM-Pentan) Cyclohexen,259 (2,2,3,3-TetraM-Butan) 2,2,-TM-Pentan,,599 n-heptan,79 9,3 2,5-DMHexan 9,339 9,3 9,595 9,723 9,79 2,2-DMHexan 9,972 C-Aliphat,53 2,-DMHexan,29 2,3,-TM-Pentan,??,95 11,1 Toluol 11, 2-M-Heptan 11,73 (-M-Heptan) 3-M-Heptan 11,992, 2,2,5-TM-Hexan,1,31,522,22 n-octan,7 13,27 13,11 13,321 9,73 2,2-DMHexan 9, 13,79 13,77 13,77 C-Aliphat,2 1,27 1,91 1,19 1,21 2,-DMHexan,3 2,DMPentan 7,159 1,395 1,7 1,33 15, C 15,277 15,323 Ethylbenzol 15,5 m,p-xylol 15,2 -M-Oktan 15,9 3-M-Oktan 1,3 1,172 Styrol 1,33 (1-Nonen),19 2,3,-TM-Pentan,732 o-xylol 1,535 1,71 Nonan 1,729 1,5 1,931 (1M-E)-Benzol 17,31 2,2-DM-Oktan 17,1 17,37 2,-DM-Oktan 17,59 2,-DM-Oktan 17,95 17,9 17,97 1,7 n-propylbenzol 1,2 1,2 1M-3E-Benzol 1,3 1M-E-Benzol 1,31 1,3 1,3,5-TM-Benzol 1,5 1,92 1M-2E-Benzol 1,53 1,79 1,79 1,92 1,79 19,27 1,975 19,93??,99 11,155 11,21 19,27 19,32 19,3 1,2,-TM-Benzol 19,51 ((1,1DME)-Benzol) 19,2 n-decan 19,73 19,93 19,9,,237 sec-butylbenzol,373,57,3,75,71,1,9 1,2,3-TM-Benzol,979 Indan 21,132 21,233 1,3-DE-Benzol 21,353 1,-DEBenzol&n-Butylbenzol 21,1 1,2DE-Benzol 21,21 21,7 21,799 22,3 n-undecan 22,19 22,375 22,5 Toluol 11,17 (1,2,,5-TM-Benzol) 1,2,3,-TM-Benzol&Butylbenzol 23,21 23,172 C-Benzol? 23,33 11, 2-M-Heptan 11,735 (-M-Heptan) 3-M-Heptan, n-dodecan 2,51 2,531 2,79 2,77 2,53 2,9 1,3,5-TE-Benzol 25,132 25,3 25,5 n-hexyl-benzol 25,9 n-tridecan 2,23, 2,2,5-TM-Hexan,21,33,1,525,2 n-octan,77,2,93 13,2 13, 13,331 13,77 13,539 13,711 13,75 13,73 13,951 1,32 1,173 1,2 1, 1,73 1,3 1,95 15,52 15,25 C 15,329 Ethylbenzol 15,527 m,p-xylol 15,2 p-xylol 15,731 -M-Oktan 15,7 3-M-Oktan 1,35 1,179 Styrol 1,339 (1-Nonen) o-xylol 1,51 Nonan 1,7 1,73 1,71 1,932 (1M-E)-Benzol 17,33 2,2-DM-Oktan 17,193 17,375 2,-DM-Oktan 17,3 17,1 2,-DM-Oktan 17,72 17,55 17,99 n-propylbenzol 1, 1,21 1M-3E-Benzol 1,3 1M-E-Benzol 1,3 1,3,5-TM-Benzol 1,9 1M-2E-Benzol 1,592 1, 1,751 1, 1, 19,3 19,3 19,19 19,273 19,37 19,5 1,2,-TM-Benzol 19,57 ((1,1DME)-Benzol) 19,3 n-decan 19,733 19,992,9,237 sec-butylbenzol,3,2,,1,79,22,9 1,2,3-TM-Benzol,9 21,25 Indan 21,139 1,3-DE-Benzol 21,23 1,-DEBenzol&n-Butylbenzol 21,359 1,2DE-Benzol 21,9 21,27 21,711 21,5 22,72 n-undecan 22,17 22,2 22,379 22, 22, 22,2 1,2,,5-TM-Benzol 22,7 1,2,3,-TM-Benzol&Butylbenzol 23,223 23,175 C-Benzol? 23,33 23,51 n-dodecan 2,59 2,535 2,9 2,72 2,51 2,991 1,3,5-TE-Benzol 25,13 25,31 25,7 n-hexyl-benzol 25,1 (n-tridecan),77, 2,2-DM-Butan,9 Cyclopenten 5,7 -M-1-Penten 5,15 (3-M-1-Penten) Cyclopentan 5,257 2,3-DM-Butan 5,353 -M-2-Penten[z] 5,55 (2-M-Pentan) (-M-2-Penten[tr]) (3-M-Pentan) (2-M-1-Penten) 3-Hexen[tr],9 3-Hexen[z],12 (2-Hexen(tr)) 3-M-2-Penten[tr],33 2-M-2-Penten,11 3-M-Cyclopenten,513 ETBE 2-Hexen[z],757,719 (3-M-cis-2-Penten) (2,2-DM-Pentan) (Methylcyclopentan) (1-M-Cyclopenten) (2,2,3-TM-Butan) 3,-DM-1-Penten 7,35 Benzol 7,757 (3,3-DM-Pentan) Cyclohexen,259 (2,2,3,3-TetraM-Butan) 2,2,-TM-Pentan,,599 n-heptan,79 9,3 2,5-DMHexan 9,339 9,3 9,595 9,723 9,79 2,2-DMHexan 9,972 C-Aliphat,53 2,-DMHexan,29 2,3,-TM-Pentan, 2,DMPentan 7,159??,95 11,1 Toluol 11, 2-M-Heptan 11,73 (-M-Heptan) 3-M-Heptan 11,992, 2,2,5-TM-Hexan,1,31,522,22 n-octan,7 13,27 13,11 13,321 13,79 13,77 13,77 1,27 1,91 1,19 1,21 1,395 1,7 1,33 15, C 15,277 15,323 Ethylbenzol 15,5 m,p-xylol 15,2 -M-Oktan 15,9 3-M-Oktan 1,3 1,172 Styrol 1,33 (1-Nonen) o-xylol 1,535 1,71 Nonan 1,729 1,5 1,931 (1M-E)-Benzol 17,31 2,2-DM-Oktan 17,1 17,37 2,-DM-Oktan 17,59 2,-DM-Oktan 17,95 17,9 17,97 1,7 n-propylbenzol 1,2 1,2 1M-3E-Benzol 1,3 1M-E-Benzol 1,31 1,3 1,3,5-TM-Benzol 1,5 1,92 1M-2E-Benzol 1,53 1,79 1,79 1,92 1,79 19,27 1,975 19,93 19,27 19,32 19,3 1,2,-TM-Benzol 19,51 ((1,1DME)-Benzol) 19,2 n-decan 19,73 19,93 19,9,,237 sec-butylbenzol,373,57,3,75,71,1,9 1,2,3-TM-Benzol,979 Indan 21,132 21,233 1,3-DE-Benzol 21,353 1,-DEBenzol&n-Butylbenzol 21,1 1,2DE-Benzol 21,21 21,7 21,799 22,3 n-undecan 22,19 22,375 22,5 (1,2,,5-TM-Benzol) 1,2,3,-TM-Benzol&Butylbenzol 23,21 23,172 C-Benzol? 23,33 n-dodecan 2,51 2,531 2,79 2,77 2,53 2,9 1,3,5-TE-Benzol 25,132 25,3 25,5 n-hexyl-benzol 25,9 n-tridecan 2,23 3

4 ph ph CROMATOGRAMA DA FASE 3 E22,7,75 2,2-DM-Butan,97 Cyclopenten 5,7 (-M-1-Penten) (3-M-1-Penten) (Cyclopentan) 2,3-DM-Butan 5,35 -M-2-Penten[z] 5,5 (2-M-Pentan) (3-M-Pentan) (-M-2-Penten[tr]) (2-M-1-Penten) 3-Hexen[tr],93 (3-Hexen[z]) (2-Hexen(tr)) 3-M-2-Penten[tr],3 2-M-2-Penten, 3-M-Cyclopenten,523 ETBE 2-Hexen[z],7,723 (2,2-DM-Pentan) (3-M-cis-2-Penten) Methylcyclopentan 7,1 2,DMPentan 7,177 7,5 2,2,3-TM-Butan 7,213 3,-DM-1-Penten 7,39 1-M-Cyclopenten 7,9 (Benzol) 3,3-DM-Pentan 7,77 Cyclohexen,2 (2,2,3,3-TetraM-Butan) 2,2,-TM-Pentan,2,1 n-heptan,793 9,39 2,5-DMHexan 9,32 9, (2,2-DMHexan) C-Aliphat, 2,-DMHexan,3 2,3,-TM-Pentan,17??,991 11,9 Toluol 11,1 11,91 2-M-Heptan 11,597 (-M-Heptan) 3-M-Heptan 11,99 2,2,5-TM-Hexan,1,35 (n-octan) 13,1 13,7 1,1 1,9 1,399 15,52 15,27 C 15,33 Ethylbenzol 15,52 (m,p-xylol) (-M-Oktan) 3-M-Oktan 1,35 Styrol 1,17 (1-Nonen) (o-xylol) Nonan 1,77 1,73 ((1M-E)-Benzol) 2,2-DM-Oktan 17,39 2,-DM-Oktan 17,59 2,-DM-Oktan 17,9 17,55 17,995 n-propylbenzol 1,3 1,211 (1M-E-Benzol) 1M-3E-Benzol 1,31 1,3,5-TM-Benzol 1,97 1M-2E-Benzol 1,59 1,2 1,2 1, 19,32 1,9 19,7 19,213 19,271 19,37 ((1,1DME)-Benzol) n-decan 19,727 1,2,-TM-Benzol 19,31 19,93 sec-butylbenzol,375,5,,735,25,95 1,2,3-TM-Benzol,9 Indan 21,133 21,237 1,3-DE-Benzol 21,35 1,-DEBenzol&n-Butylbenzol 21,22 1,2DE-Benzol 21,511 21,2 21,73 21,795 22,7 n-undecan 22,173 22,377 22,75 (1,2,,5-TM-Benzol) 1,2,3,-TM-Benzol&Butylbenzol 23,17 C-Benzol? 23,335 n-dodecan 2,53 2,53 2, 2,72 2,52 2,911 1,3,5-TE-Benzol 25,13 25,31 25,9 n-hexyl-benzol 25,1 (n-tridecan),23 11,225 19,3,93 E 2,2-DM-Butan,93 (Cyclopenten) (-M-1-Penten) (3-M-1-Penten) (Cyclopentan) (2,3-DM-Butan) (2-M-Pentan) (-M-2-Penten[z]) (-M-2-Penten[tr]) (3-M-Pentan) (2-M-1-Penten) (3-Hexen[tr]) (3-Hexen[z]) (2-Hexen(tr)) (3-M-2-Penten[tr]) (2-M-2-Penten) (3-M-Cyclopenten) (2-Hexen[z]) (3-M-cis-2-Penten) (ETBE) (2,2-DM-Pentan) (Methylcyclopentan) (2,DMPentan) (2,2,3-TM-Butan) (3,-DM-1-Penten) Benzol 7, (1-M-Cyclopenten) (3,3-DM-Pentan) (Cyclohexen) (2,2,3,3-TetraM-Butan) 2,2,-TM-Pentan,533 (n-heptan) (2,5-DMHexan) (2,2-DMHexan) C-Aliphat, (2,-DMHexan) (2,3,-TM-Pentan) (??) (Toluol) (2-M-Heptan) (-M-Heptan) 2,2,5-TM-Hexan,7 (n-octan) (C) (Ethylbenzol) (m,p-xylol) (-M-Oktan) (3-M-Oktan) (Styrol) (1-Nonen) (o-xylol) (Nonan) ((1M-E)-Benzol) (2,2-DM-Oktan) (2,-DM-Oktan) (2,-DM-Oktan) (n-propylbenzol) (1M-3E-Benzol) (1M-E-Benzol) (1,3,5-TM-Benzol) (1M-2E-Benzol) (1,2,-TM-Benzol) ((1,1DME)-Benzol) (n-decan) (sec-butylbenzol) (1,2,3-TM-Benzol) (Indan) (1,3-DE-Benzol) (1,-DEBenzol&n-Butylbenzol) (1,2DE-Benzol) (n-undecan) (1,2,,5-TM-Benzol) (1,2,3,-TM-Benzol&Butylbenzol) (C-Benzol?) (n-dodecan) 2,55 (1,3,5-TE-Benzol) (n-hexyl-benzol) (n-tridecan) CROMATOGRAMAS AR DILUIÇÃO E22 ug 19, ,27 1,2,-TM-Benzol 19, ,2-DM-Butan,95 (Cyclopenten) (-M-1-Penten) (3-M-1-Penten) (Cyclopentan) (2,3-DM-Butan) (2-M-Pentan) -M-2-Penten[z] 5,52 (-M-2-Penten[tr]) (3-M-Pentan) (2-M-1-Penten) (3-Hexen[tr]) (2-Hexen(tr)) (3-Hexen[z]) 3-M-2-Penten[tr],3 (2-M-2-Penten) 3-M-Cyclopenten,525 2-Hexen[z],721 (ETBE) (3-M-cis-2-Penten) (2,2-DM-Pentan) (Methylcyclopentan) 2,DMPentan 7,213 (2,2,3-TM-Butan) 3,-DM-1-Penten 7,3 1-M-Cyclopenten 7,99 (Benzol) 3,3-DM-Pentan 7,77 Cyclohexen,2 (2,2,3,3-TetraM-Butan) 2,2,-TM-Pentan,23 n-heptan,1 (2,5-DMHexan) (2,2-DMHexan) C-Aliphat,5 (2,-DMHexan) (2,3,-TM-Pentan) (??) Toluol 11,51 (2-M-Heptan) (-M-Heptan) 2,2,5-TM-Hexan,,37 (n-octan) 1,3 1,93 1, 15,5 C 15,331 Ethylbenzol 15,521 (m,p-xylol) (-M-Oktan) 3-M-Oktan 1,37 (Styrol) (1-Nonen) (o-xylol) (Nonan) ((1M-E)-Benzol) (2,2-DM-Oktan) 2,-DM-Oktan 17,597 2,-DM-Oktan 17,9 17,55 17,993 n-propylbenzol 1,92 1M-3E-Benzol 1,27 (1M-E-Benzol) (1,3,5-TM-Benzol) 1M-2E-Benzol 1,5 1,2 1,3 1, ((1,1DME)-Benzol) (n-decan),91,23 sec-butylbenzol,379 (1,2,3-TM-Benzol) Indan 21,137 1,3-DE-Benzol 21,27 1,-DEBenzol&n-Butylbenzol 21,371 (1,2DE-Benzol) 21,75 n-undecan 22,9 (1,2,,5-TM-Benzol) 1,2,3,-TM-Benzol&Butylbenzol 23,177 C-Benzol? 23,33 n-dodecan 2, 2,53 2,5 1,3,5-TE-Benzol 25,13 25,315 n-hexyl-benzol 25, (n-tridecan) E 1 ug 1 2,2-DM-Butan,95 (Cyclopenten) (-M-1-Penten) (3-M-1-Penten) (Cyclopentan) (2,3-DM-Butan) (-M-2-Penten[z]) (2-M-Pentan) (-M-2-Penten[tr]) (3-M-Pentan) (2-M-1-Penten) (3-Hexen[tr]) (3-Hexen[z]) (2-Hexen(tr)) (2-M-2-Penten) 3-M-2-Penten[tr],372 3-M-Cyclopenten,523 (2-Hexen[z]) (ETBE) (3-M-cis-2-Penten) (2,2-DM-Pentan) (Methylcyclopentan) (2,2,3-TM-Butan) 2,DMPentan 7,2 3,-DM-1-Penten 7,35 (1-M-Cyclopenten) (3,3-DM-Pentan) (Cyclohexen) (2,2,3,3-TetraM-Butan) 2,2,-TM-Pentan,59 (n-heptan) (2,5-DMHexan) (2,2-DMHexan) C-Aliphat, (2,-DMHexan) (2,3,-TM-Pentan)?? 11,177 Toluol 11,99 (2-M-Heptan) (-M-Heptan) 2,2,5-TM-Hexan,,3 (n-octan) 13,92 13, 13,7 1,9 1,2 1,39 15,52 C 15,329 Ethylbenzol 15,523 (m,p-xylol) (-M-Oktan) 3-M-Oktan 1,3 (Styrol) (1-Nonen) (o-xylol) (Nonan) ((1M-E)-Benzol) 2,2-DM-Oktan 17,3 2,-DM-Oktan 17,597 2,-DM-Oktan 17,9 17,51 17,995 n-propylbenzol 1,9 (1M-E-Benzol) 1M-3E-Benzol 1,3 1,3,5-TM-Benzol 1,99 1M-2E-Benzol 1,55 1, 1,1 1,929 19,1 ((1,1DME)-Benzol) 1,2,-TM-Benzol 19,27 (n-decan),92,2 sec-butylbenzol,5,375, 1,2,3-TM-Benzol,97 Indan 21,135 1,3-DE-Benzol 21,235 1,-DEBenzol&n-Butylbenzol 21,3 (1,2DE-Benzol) 21,755 n-undecan 22, 22,1 (1,2,,5-TM-Benzol) 1,2,3,-TM-Benzol&Butylbenzol 23,213 23,175 C-Benzol? 23,33 n-dodecan 2,7 2,531 2,7 2,5 2,95 1,3,5-TE-Benzol 25,132 25,39 25,7 n-hexyl-benzol 25,7 n-tridecan 2,21 2,199 Benzol 7,

5 5.2 RESULTADOS DAS MEDIÇÕES DE NMHC E DO OFP: PARTE 1 -E22 5-E22 -E 11-E Hidrocarbonetos Mess- MIR NMHC OFP NMHC OFP NMHC OFP NMHC OFP (C2-C) verfahren mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km Ethan VocAir Ethen VocAir Propan VocAir Propen VocAir Acetylen VocAir Methyl-Propan VocAir n-butan VocAir trans-2-buten VocAir Buten VocAir Methyl-Propen VocAir cis-2-buten VocAir ,2-Propadien VocAir Cyclo-Pentan VocAir Methyl-Butan VocAir n-pentan VocAir Propin VocAir ,2-Dimethyl-Propan VocAir ,3-Butadien VocAir Methyl-1-Buten VocAir Cyclo-Penten VocAir trans-2-penten VocAir Methyl-2-Buten VocAir Penten VocAir Methyl-1-Buten VocAir cis-2-penten VocAir Methyl-1,3-Butadien VocAir Butin VocAir Butin VocAir Buten-3-in VocAir ,3-Cyclo-Pentadien VocAir ,3-Dimethyl-1-Buten VocAir ,2-Dimethyl-Butan VocAir Methyl-1-Penten VocAir Methyl-1-Penten VocAir ,3-Dimethyl-Butan VocAir Methyl-cis-2-Penten VocAir Methyl-Pentan VocAir OFP = Ozone Forming Potencial (mg/km) 5

6 PARTE 2 -E22 5-E22 -E 11-E Hidrocarbonetos Mess- MIR NMHC OFP NMHC OFP NMHC OFP NMHC OFP (C2-C) verfahren mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km -Methyl-trans-2-Penten VocAir Methyl-Pentan VocAir Methyl-1-Penten VocAir Hexen VocAir n-hexan VocAir trans-3-hexen VocAir cis-3-hexen VocAir trans-2-hexen VocAir Methyl-trans-2-Penten VocAir Methyl-2-Penten VocAir Methyl-Cyclo-Penten VocAir cis-2-hexen VocAir Methyl-cis-2-Penten VocAir ,2-Dimethyl-Pentan VocAir Methyl-Cyclo-Pentan VocAir ,-Dimethyl-Pentan VocAir ,2,3-Trimethyl-Butan VocAir ,-Dimethyl-Penten VocAir Methyl-Cyclo-Penten VocAir Benzol VocAir Methyl-1-Hexen VocAir ,3-Dimethyl-Pentan VocAir Cyclo-Hexan VocAir Methyl-Hexan VocAir ,3-Dimethyl-Pentan VocAir Methyl-Hexan + Cyclo-Hexen VocAir cis-1,3-dimethyl-cyclo-pentan VocAir Ethyl-Pentan VocAir trans-1,3-dimethyl-cyclo-pentan VocAir Hepten VocAir ,2,-Trimethyl-Pentan VocAir trans-3-hepten VocAir n-heptan VocAir Methyl-2-Hexen VocAir Methyl-trans-3-Hexen VocAir trans-2-hepten VocAir Ethyl-2-Penten VocAir ,,-Trimethyl-1-Penten VocAir ,3-Dimethyl-2-Penten VocAir cis-2-hepten VocAir Methyl-Cyclo-Hexan VocAir

7 PARTE 3 -E22 5-E22 -E 11-E Hidrocarbonetos Mess- MIR NMHC OFP NMHC OFP NMHC OFP NMHC OFP (C2-C) verfahren mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km 2,2-Dimethyl-Hexan VocAir ,,-Trimethyl-2-Penten VocAir Ethyl-Cyclo-Pentan VocAir ,5-Dimethyl-Hexan VocAir ,-Dimethyl-Hexan VocAir ,3-Dimethyl-Hexan VocAir ,3,-Trimethyl-Pentan VocAir ,3,3-Trimethyl-Pentan VocAir Toluol VocAir ,3-Dimethyl-Hexan VocAir Methyl-Heptan VocAir Methyl-Heptan VocAir Methyl-Heptan VocAir ,2,3-Trimethyl-Cyclo-Pentan VocAir cis-1,3-dimethyl-cyclo-hexan VocAir trans-1,-dimethyl-cyclo-hexan VocAir ,2,5-Trimethyl-Hexan VocAir Octen VocAir trans--octen VocAir n-octan VocAir trans-2-octen VocAir trans-1,3-dimethyl-cyclo-hexan VocAir cis-2-octen VocAir ,3,5-Trimethyl-Hexan VocAir ,-Dimethyl-Heptan VocAir cis-1,2-dimethyl-cyclo-hexan VocAir Ethyl-Cyclo-Hexan VocAir ,5-Dimethyl-Heptan VocAir Ethyl-Benzol VocAir ,3-Dimethyl-Heptan VocAir m,p-xylol VocAir Methyl-Octan VocAir Methyl-Octan VocAir Methyl-Octan VocAir Ethenyl-Benzol VocAir o-xylol VocAir

8 PARTE -E22 5-E22 -E 11-E Hidrocarbonetos Mess- MIR NMHC OFP NMHC OFP NMHC OFP NMHC OFP (C2-C) verfahren mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km mg/km 1-Nonen VocAir n-nonan VocAir (1-Methyl-ethyl)-Benzol VocAir ,2-Dimethyl-Octan VocAir ,-Dimethyl-Octan VocAir n-propyl-benzol VocAir Methyl-3-ethyl-Benzol VocAir Methyl--ethyl-Benzol VocAir ,3,5-Trimethyl-Benzol VocAir Methyl-2-ethyl-Benzol VocAir n-decan VocAir (2-Methyl-propyl)-Benzol VocAir (1-Methyl-propyl)-Benzol MS-Therm Methyl-3-(1-methyl-ethyl)-Benzol MS-Therm ,2,3-Trimethyl-Benzol VocAir Methyl--(1-methyl-ethyl)-Benzol MS-Therm Indan MS-Therm Methyl-2-(1-methyl-ethyl)-Benzol MS-Therm ,3-Diethyl-Benzol VocAir ,-Diethyl-Benzol + n-butyl-benzol VocAir Methyl-3-n-propyl-Benzol MS-Therm Methyl--n-propyl-Benzol MS-Therm ,2-Diethyl-Benzol VocAir Methyl-2-n-propyl-Benzol MS-Therm ,-Dimethyl-2-ethyl-Benzol MS-Therm ,3-Dimethyl--ethyl-Benzol MS-Therm ,2-Dimethyl--ethyl-Benzol MS-Therm ,3-Dimethyl-2-ethyl-Benzol MS-Therm n-undecan VocAir ,2-Dimethyl-3-ethyl-Benzol MS-Therm ,2,,5-Tetramethyl-Benzol MS-Therm ,2,3,5-Tetramethyl-Benzol VocAir Methyl-2-n-butyl-Benzol MS-Therm (1,1-Dimethyl-ethyl)-2-methyl-Benzol MS-Therm ,2,3,-Tetramethyl-Benzol + n-pentyl-benzol VocAir n-pentyl-benzol MS-Therm (1,1-Dimethyl-ethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-Benzol MS-Therm Naphthalin MS-Therm n-dodecan VocAir ,3,5-Triethyl-Benzol VocAir Total de Hidrocarbonetos(C2-C)

9 5.3 RESUMO DOS RESULTADOS DAS MEDIÇõES DE NMHC E CÁLCULO DA REATIVIDADE ESPECÍFICA COMPARATIVA (E x E22) Combustível E22 E Teste n º -E22 5-E22 -E 11-E Somatória de NMHC (mg/km)(151 tipos de HC) Média Somatória de OFP (mg/km x MIR) 151 tipos de HC Média Reatividade específica (OFP/NMHC) Alteração% (E x E22) CONCLUSÃO: A reatividade específica do potencial de formação de ozônio atmosférico das emissões de hidrocarbonetos não metano (NMHC), do Polo BlueMotion 1. L Eflex emitidas pelo gás de escapamento, quando o veículo é abastecido com % de etanol hidratado(e) é 32% inferior a reatividade específica das emissões de NMHC no mesmo veículo, quando abastecido com gasolina C22 (E22). 9

10 ANEXO I DEFINIÇÕES Para este trabalho foram adotadas algumas definições e parte do conceito do California NON- Methane Organic Gas Test procedures March 22, do CARB (California Air Resources Board) para possibilitar o cálculo da reatividade especifica dos hidrocarbonetos não metano: OFP = NMHC * MIR SR = OFP / NMHC Sendo que, MIR = Maximum Incremental Reactivity OFP = Potencial Forming Ozone SR = Specific Reactivity

11 TABELA Nº 1 CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICO QUÍMICAS DA GASOLINA C22 UTILIZADA NOS ENSAIOS NA ALEMANHA Propriedades Unidade Método de ensaio Especificação ANP 57/11 Resultados extraídos do certificado RPBC 33- S Periodo de indução minutos ASTM D 525 min. 3 > 7 Goma atual mg/ml ASTM D 31 max. 5 < 1 MON - ASTM D 27 min RON - ASTM D MON + RON /2 - ASTM D 299 min ºC kpa ASTM D a Densidade@ºC Kg/m 3 ASTM D 52 anotar 751. Destilação - ASTM D - - Ponto inicial de ebulição ºC ASTM D -.2 % evaporado ºC ASTM D max % evaporado ºC ASTM D max % evaporado ºC ASTM D max Ponto final de ebulição ºC ASTM D max Resíduo vol % ASTM D max. 2. Etanol vol % NBR max HC aromáticos vol % ASTM D 1319 max. 5. HC olefínicos vol % ASTM D 1319 max Benzeno vol % ASTM D 31 max Enxôfre mg/kg ASTM D 295 max

12 TABELA Nº 2 - CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICO QUÍMICAS DO ETANOL HIDRATADO UTILIZADO NOS ENSAIOS NA ALEMANHA Propriedades Unidade Método de ensaio Especificão ANP 7/11 Resultados extraídos do certificado lote 257 Coloração - Visual colorness incolor Aparência - Visual Limpo e isento de impurezas Limpo e isento de impurezas ºC kg/m 3 NBR a Acidez total(expresso como ácido acético) mg/l NBR 9 max ph - NBR 91 to. Teor de sulfatos mg/kg NBR 9 max. < 1 Teor de sódio mg/kg NBR 22 max. 2.1 Condutividade Elétrica µs/m NBR Teor de Etanol %Vol NBR to Teor de Etanol % m NBR to Resíduo por evaporação mg/ml NBR 5.5

13 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS: 1) California NON-Methane Organic Gas Test procedures March 22, ) do CARB (California Air Resources Board); 2) Paper do Environment Canada Mobile Source Emissions& Biofuels: An Overview of Selected Canadian Federal R&D. 13