Are our y s still wide shut?

Transcrição

1 Water Governance Indicators based on Payment for Environmental Services Are our y s still wide shut? Núcleo Integrado de Bacias Hidrográficas Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento Eduardo Mario Mendiondo Prof, Dr., Me., Eng. emm@sc.usp.br Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo

2 Index 1.V rtual water? 2.Water Governance 3.Environmental Services Values 4.Payment for Environmental Services (PES) 5. (not blinded) Examples: Riverlutions 6.Outlook

3 Virtual Water Water savings (m 3 ) = Import (kg) x VWV(local site) Water savings (m 3 /kg) = VWV(consumption site) + VWV(production site) Water savings (m 3 /kg) = VWV(storing period) + VWV(using period)

4 Virtual water

5 Virtual water US$ trillion Projected infrastructure investment India China Russia Brazil Others

6 Water governance in perspective What governance is not government What governance is not management What governance is the way society organises itself Biofuels & food security Ecological services

7 In year Present situation: 2008 Brazilian Driving Permit of with Alcohol

8 ...and in year

9 Water Governance ASSOCIAÇÃO DE USUARIOS DE BACIA URBANA River Basin Association First Meeting

10 Water Governance Basin citizenship participation calling a plea for urban river restoration

11 Water Governance Costs of Operation & Maintenance of Biodiversity Recovery Investimento+Manutenção (U$/capita) Curto Prazo Médio Prazo Longo prazo 0,00 0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 Área da bacia (km2)

12 3. Environmental Services Values The solidarity vision (solutions for food crisis) (Meissner R. 2003). The strategic vision for food security (Allan J. A.; Wichelns D. 2001). Water Governance & environmental services The ecological vision (efficiency & sustainability) (Turton A.R., 2000). The liberal vision (market & trade) (Allan J. A.; WWC 1998).

13 Approaching Environmental Services and Valuation Water for Life Water for blessing, Water for drinking, Water for keeping wet, Water for playing prey.

14 Order from Strength Water Governance Global Orchestration What governance is not government What governance is not management What governance is the way society organises 3.2 Scenarios itself Scenarios are plausible futures, through quantitative models and qualitative analysis Technogarden

15 Environmental services & water governance

16 Environmental services and valuation

17 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Scenarios

18 0,0 Sequential Flow 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0, Sequential Time ,0 Ordered Flow 00,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 0, Temporal Permanency Inundated floodplain Environmental Services Indicator Bio ,000 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 Water level 0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4, Flow 2 3 4

19 Valuation of Environmental Services

20 What happens if climate change land-use conversion

21 Change in water treatment cost due to climate change Figure Estimation of treatment costs needed from efficiency increase in order to adapt for altered regimes due to climate variability. No change of land use is assessed in these figures.

22 Change in water treatment cost due to unmanaged land-conversion

23 Water Social Availability Southern part of Piauí Small potential water resources in Piauí Small potential water resources in Ceará Large potential water resources in Piauí Large potential water resources in Ceará Teresina Fortaleza and Pecém Coastal region N W E S Water Availability & Vulnerability of Ecosystems & Society # # Kilometers Mundo m³/hab/ano Brasil m³/hab/ano Kuwait 10 PB Arábia Saudita 140 DF Israel 330 RN Síria 550 RJ Holanda 660 SP Bélgica 840 CE Polônia BA Índia ES China PI França PR EUA MA Brasil GO Canadá AM

24 Total water use 1996/98 [mm/yr] (Piauí & Ceará) Household use 1996/97* [mm/yr] (Piauí & Ceará) Ano 2025: Cenário A Globalização CASH CROPS Ano 2025: Cenário B Descentralização AGROPOLES

25 US$/year US$ 30 million 0 Year 1996 / : Globalization (cash crops) 2025: Descentralization (agropoles). * Fonte: E. M. Mendiondo & Valdés (2002) Sustainable Development Strategies for Water Systems, In: II Int. Conf. New Trends in Environmental and Safety, Capri, Italy (*) Mendiondo (2002, adapted from WAVES,

26 A.N.A.(2002)

27 21º45' 49º00' Baixo Jacaré-Guaçu Cenário tendencial de demandas: Ano º45' 48º00' Rio Tietê/Rio Claro Baixo/Médio Jacaré-Pepira Médio Jacaré-Guaçu 22º00 47º45' Alto Jacaré-Guaçu Rio Bauru Rio Jaú Alto Jacaré-Pepira 22º15 47º45' Rio Tietê/Rio Lençóis 22º30' 48º15' 2010 O : Oferta hídrica D : demanda hídrica tempo 22º45' 49º00' 22º45' 48º30'

28 21º45' 49º00' Baixo Jacaré-Guaçu Cenário alternativo de demandas: Ano º45' 48º00' Rio Tietê/Rio Claro Baixo/Médio Jacaré-Pepira Médio Jacaré-Guaçu 22º00 47º45' Alto Jacaré-Guaçu Rio Bauru Rio Jaú Alto Jacaré-Pepira 22º15 47º45' Rio Tietê/Rio Lençóis 22º30' 48º15' 2010 O : Oferta hídrica D : demanda hídrica tempo 22º45' 49º00' 22º45' 48º30'

29 21º45' 49º00' Baixo Jacaré-Guaçu Balanço Hídrico de Oferta e Demanda Hídrica (m 3 /s) 21º45' 48º00' Rio Tietê/Rio Claro Baixo/Médio Jacaré-Pepira Médio Jacaré-Guaçu 22º00 47º45' Alto Jacaré-Guaçu Rio Bauru Rio Jaú Alto Jacaré-Pepira 22º15 47º45' 15 m 3 /s 22º45' 49º00' Rio Tietê/Rio Lençóis 22º45' 48º30' 22º30' 48º15' O : Oferta hídrica D : demanda hídrica O D O D O D 0 m 3 /s tempo

30 21º45' 49º00' Baixo Jacaré-Guaçu Virtual Water Fluxes 21º45' 48º00' (2050, estimated) Rio Tietê/Rio Claro Baixo/Médio Jacaré-Pepira Médio Jacaré-Guaçu 22º00 47º45' Alto Jacaré-Guaçu Rio Bauru Rio Jaú Alto Jacaré-Pepira 22º15 47º45' 22º45' 49º00' Rio Tietê/Rio Lençóis 22º45' 48º30' 22º30' 48º15' Virtual Water Flux (from): Farm Industry Non-consuntive

31 Water Balance Scenarios de (Availability Demand)/inhabitant Como relacionar os servicos ambientais?

32 VWP1 > Hydro solidarity Neutralidade do balanço de oferta e demanda Bacia 1 Bacia 2 Demanda (Q), L Foz Neutra : L Demanda Neutra*, L *Sem comércio Custos p/ Reduzir Q, R$/L * * de Direitos de Custos totais: R$ = Demanda Demanda Neutra* *, L **Com comércio Custos p/ Reduzir Q, R$/L de Direitos de Cust os com comércio, R$ * * Demanda Custos totais: R$ * : valor de reduzir excedente de demanda de L a um custo de 5 R$/L = R$ * * : venda de excedentes de L (de bacia 1 para bacia 2) a um valor de 35 R$/ L = R$ 7.000

33 5. (not blinded) Examples: Riverlutions WISE-UP Water Insurance & Security for User Permits Hydro solidarity f odays Hydr BIT Hydrological Business Innovation Tank

34 VWP3 > WISE-UP Water Insurance, Security & Incentives for User Permits Política reativa, sem incentivos Reactive policy: Polluter pays Política pró-ativa Proactive policy: Water producer virtual water permits with trading (cap-and-trade)

35 P.E.S. The more important the environmental service, the more valuated is

36 6. Outook: Riverlutions The big tradeoffs (left margin) Water storage for sectors & water for environment Reallocation & overallocation (water rights and permits) Upstream & downstream (hydrosolidarity and environmental flows) Equity & productivity This generation & the next ones Making choices (with eyes wide open) Foster social action & debate Develop better tools for assessing tradeoffs Share knowledge and information equitably Equity & productivity This generation & the next ones

37 ... Citizens have rights and entitlements to water. Participation of stakeholders is an essential component of governance... Women are key users and managers-in-practice of water. There is a need for partnerships to deliver water services.... Water is an economic good and has an economic value in all its competing uses. Water is becoming scarce... Water should be managed at the basin level. Shared knowledge is an essential basis for good water governance

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