Access to affordable energy by switching from fossil fuel to renewable energy production as demonstrated by the Cape Verde Islands

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1 Access to Sustainable Renewable Energy in Africa as Pre-requisite for the MDGs May 22-26, 2012 Rockefeller Bellagio Center, Italy SESSION 4 Access to affordable energy by switching from fossil fuel to renewable energy production as demonstrated by the Cape Verde Islands Engº Abraão Lopes Cabo Verde 1

2 Cape Verde is a major crossroad 2

3 GENERAL INFORMATION OF CAPE VERDE Per capita income in 2010 was US$3.270 (in 1975 was US$190) External Debt: 47.2% in 2009 Literacy rate in 2009:85% for adults & 97% for young HDI: 0,534 Life expectancy: 74 years in 2009 Unemployment rate: 13% in 2010 Population: (Census 2010) Area: km 2 Cape Verde gained independence on 5 July 1975 facing major developmental challenges 3

4 Cape Verde s progress in socioeconomic development is widely recognized Firstly, C.V. has no oil or natural gas reserves, making the island group dependent upon imported fuels. C.V. have signed a special partnership agreement with the European Union in November C.V. acceded to the WTO-World Trade Organization in December C.V. have been graduated from the list of Least Developed Countries in January 2008, to MIC. 4

5 The focus for C.V. development are : economic transformation and societal modernization. In the short to medium term: Maintain economic growth above 6%, while keeping inflation low Reduce unemployment to single digit Reduce poverty rate below the MDG (Millenium Develp. Goals) level Lay the foundation to expand the productive base of the economy In the medium to long-term: Consolidate the market economy led by the private sector Modernize our society and institutions Reform the state and invest in e-governance innovations Construct a nation that is globally competitive 5

6 Cape Verde s Investment Climate All objective indicators suggest a good destination for investment: Open and Free Economy with an emergent private sector Stable macroeconomic environment Freely convertible currency, pegged to the Euro Good and improving infrastructure Telecommunications sector performance is good Energy sector is improving with new policies and investments Four International Airports Seaports: major ports in Mindelo and Praia An educated and skilled labor force 100 percent primary school enrollment 70 percent high school enrollment 6

7 Cape Verde offers a conducive environment 7

8 Facts Cape Verde has no oil or natural gas reserves, making the island group dependent upon imported fuels. The Cape Verde Islands are defined by energy poverty since electricity is unaffordable to many, due to an extremely high cost of importation of diesel for electricity production. The Cape Verdean government introduced a set of measures to achieve a ratio of 50 % renewable energy production in ten years (wind and solar PV). Theaimistobecomeindependentoffossilfuelimports,to enable affordable access to electricity to their citizens and to become a knowledge hub for West Africa. 8

9 The consumption of electricity has doubled in the last 10 years GWh 350 Brava Goals Indicator Growth rate Maio Boavista São Nicolau Fogo Santo Antão Sal São Vicente Santiago 12% 20% Energy Production +94% Installed Capacity +78% 150 Territorial Elect. Rate +79% 52% 100 Demand +114% 50 Clients +112% GDP +70%

10 Strong growth in energy consumption per capita kwh/capita

11 Cape Verde has achieved 95% electrification rate in 2010 The penetration doubled in just 10 years 100% % of Territory electrified 90% 89% 91% 95% 80% 70% 60% 53% 58% 61% 64% 69% 73% 76% 50% 47% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

12 Strong dependence on fossil fuels for electricity generation 4,3 M W 2% 0,02 M W Capacity 0,05 M W 0,05 M W 0,02 M W0,05 M W 0,16 M W Pot ência MW Technology Tecnologia Grid Eólica Solar Diesel Fuel Diesel + Fuel 0,02 M W 0,05 M W 2,8 M W 0,02 M W 7,4 M W 0,9 M W 11 M W 0,3 M W 11% 5% 84% São Vicente 19,2 MW 100% Santo Antão 7,2 MW 2,6 M W 2,8 M W 100% São Nicolau 2,7 MW 0,04 M W 0,08 M W 33% 2% 55% 10% Santiago 46,2 MW 40% 11% 47% Sal 20,3 MW 0,6 M W 10,4 M W 6,8 M W 2,5 M W 0,03 M W 4,5 M W 0,39 M W Products Growth rate Diesel + 180% Rede 20 kv 100% 4 M W 4 M W 2% 0,8 M W Fogo 0,17 M W 1,56 M W 98% 0,06 M W 4,3 MW 1,34 M W 100% Brava 0,9 M W 1,65 MW 2,1 M W Maio 0,15 M W 1,5 MW 1,5 M W 5 M W 1,4 M W 5 Sources: ELECTRA; GESTO Analysis M W M W 0,08 M W 40% 60% Boavista 5 MW Fuel + 500% Price increase Current account of balance of payments Diesel +122% Fuel +85% - 43%

13 Challenges: 1. Cape Verde has faced 3 main challenges during the last decade Significant economic growth increasing energy consumption Hight dependence on fossil fuels Giving access to electricity to 95% of the households 2. Towards 2020 Cape Verde will: Improve significantly energy reliability Through investments in network and power capacity and affordability Improve significantly energy sustainability and affordability Through achieving 50% renewables Improve even more electricity access by guaranteeing access to 100% of the population by 2015

14 Vision & Goals Vision To build a safe, an efficient and a sustainable Power Sector without dependence on fossil fuels. Goals Supplying Demand Increasing the production of electricity from renewable resources Building a safe, an efficient and a sustainable Energy System By 2020

15 FROM THIS UNSUSTAINABLE SITUATION INSTALED CAPACITY IN (2011) 4,3 MW 2% Potência MW ,02 MW 0,16 MW 0,05 MW 0,05 MW 0,02 MW 0,05 MW 0,02 MW 0,05 MW 2,8 MW 0,02 MW 11 MW 7,4 MW 0,3 MW 0,9 MW 11% 5% 100% Santo Antão 7,7 MW 2,6 MW 100% São Nicolau 2,7 MW 0,04 MW 0,08 MW 40% 11% 47% Sal 20,3 MW 0,6 MW 10,4 MW 6,8 MW 2,5 MW 0,03 MW 84% 4,5 MW 0,39 MW Tecnologia Eólica São Vicente 19,6 MW 2% 0,08 MW Solar Diesel Fuel Diesel + Fuel 2,8 MW 33% 10% 55% Santiago 50,3 MW 40% 60% Boavista 5 MW Rede 20 kv 1,5 MW 2% 98% Brava 1,65 MW 0,15 MW 2,1 MW 1,4 MW 1,34 MW 0,06 MW 0,8 MW 100% Fogo 4,3 MW 0,17 MW 4 MW 4 MW 0,9 MW 5 MW 7,4 MW 1,56 MW 100% Maio 1,5 MW 26 MW Fonte: ELECTRA; Análise Gesto Energia 15

16 To a sustainable situation based on renewable energy sources CAP VERDE SRENEWABLE RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGICPLAN Junho

17 THE ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN CAPE VERDE WILL BE MORE THAN DOUBLE OVER THE NEXT 10 YEARS CONSUMPTION BY ISLAND GWh Brava Brava Maio Maio Boavista Boavista São Nicolau Fogo Santo Antão Santo Antão Sal São Vicente Vicente Santiago Santiago % 20% 52% 403 9% 12% 18% 52% X 2, % 12% 17% 50% GWh 670 2% 15% 13% 16% 47% Fonte: ELECTRA; Análise Gesto Energia Na ilha do Sal não se considerou o consumo das unidades hoteleiras alimentadas pela APP (sistema isolado) 17

18 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED ALLOWED TO REACH 25% OFF PENETRATION IN 2011/2012, BUT ONLY 16% IN 2020 RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUTION IN CABO VERDE (% OF THE TOTAL) Santo Antão Eólico 1 MW 1 MW Potência MW ,95 MW 0,3 MW São Vicente Eólico 6,25 MW São Nicolau Sal Eólico 8,25 MW Solar 2,5 MW 0,6 MW 7,65 MW 2,5 MW 2,55 MW GWh 700 GWh Tecnologia Rede Eólica Solar Outros projectos 1 20 kv Santiago Eólico 9,4 MW Solar 5 MW Maio Boavista Eólico 2,55 MW % 25% 20% 16% Renováveis Térmica 1 Microgeração, iluminação pública fotolvoltaica, sistemas isolados fotovoltaicose micro-hídrica Fogo Brava Eólico 0,15 MW 0,15 MW 5 MW 9,4 MW Without a new focus on renewable energies the dependence on fossil fuels will continue to grow UP. Fonte: ELECTRA; Análise Gesto Energia Cenário Intermédio 18

19 CAP VERDE HAVE A HUGE POTENTIAL ON RENEWABLE ENERGY MORE THAN MW IDENTIFIED 650 MW PRIORITY SELECTED FOR 2020 POTENTIAL FOR INSTALLATION OF RENEWABLE POWER ASSOCIATED TO ZDER s vs PRIORITY PROJECTS MW Solar: 315 MW Eólico: 241 MW Bombagem: 70 MW RSU: 7,5 MW Geotermia: 3 MW Ondas: 14 MW ~23x ~6x 0 Solar Eólica Bombagem RSU Geotermia Ondas Total Priority Solar Eólica Bombagem RSU Geotermia Ondas Total Projectos estudados Installedcapacity Potência instalada projects (2011) 2010 identified Fonte: Gesto Energia Na presente análise estão considerados os projectos que se encontram em curso

20 Power Production Cost 2012: 390 /MWh + 72,5 % since : 260 /MWh + 73,5 % since 2009 (type 380) source: Plano Energético Renovável 20

21 Why it is possible to achieve 50% renewable electricity generation by 2020 Prospects for renewable energy penetration in Cape Verde Penetration (%) of renewables in % 50% 100% 90% 100% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% % 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 57% 58% 10% 11% 5% 2% 43% 45% 35% 4% 31% 33% 9% 24% 27% 10% 17% 40% 40% 29% 7% 22% 52% 48% 50% Renewable 50% Renovável 7% 4% 40% 0% Santiago S. Vicente / Santo Antão Sal Fogo S. Nicolau Boavista Maio Brava Total eólico solar rsu

22 Water production Desalinization Possibilities Hotels Cooling production SWAC Deep Sea Water OTEC Using Heat From Diesel Cooling Diesel Energy & Water Management System Solar Energy Bio fuel with Algae Hydro Water Energy Storage Wind energy Descentralized Production Waste Plant Geothermal energy Energy production 22

23 THE EXISTING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN SANTIAGO AND S.VICENTE, WILL ENABLE 2 GENERATION PLANTS BY 2020, WITH 7,5 MW População (milhares hab) RSU percapita Capitação diária de RSU (kg/hab.dia) SANTIAGO Island Madeira (Meia Serra) S.Miguel (Açores) Praia S.Vicente RSU identified projects ETRS da Praia Central de Valorização Energética de 5 MW Produção de RSU (10 3 t) Estimativa MW 5 MW ,5 MW Valor Sul Lipor Meia Serra S.Miguel Praia S.Vicente Potência (MW) SÃO VICENTE Island ETRS de São Vicente Central de Valorização Energética de 3 MW Centrais actuais de Valorização energética em Portugal Fonte: Gesto Energia 23

24 GEOTERMIA POTENCIAL LIMITADO AO NÍVEL DA GEOTERMIA E ENERGIA Waves DAS and ONDAS OTEC Cap Verde have a good geothermal potential - Fogo and Santo Antão Cap Verde have a good potential to explore Sea Wave Energy and OTEC. Recurso (GJ/m2) Falha Provável 24

25 OTEC: Energy technology that converts solar radiation to electric power OTEC systems use the ocean's natural thermal gradient to drive a powerproducing cycle The cold, deep seawater used in the OTEC process is also rich in nutrients, and it can be used to culture both marine organisms and plant life near the shore or on land Cape Verde has the OTEC resource: ~ 20 C average temperature difference between surface waters and seawater at 1000 meters (~ 3400 ft) depth. Access to deep water is very close to shore. 25

26 Large renewable potential with reduced costs relative to Fossil Fuels More than 600 MW renewable priority projects studied MW 3,5 MW 1 MW Santo Antão Eólico 36 MW Solar 10 MW Marítima 3,5 MW Sal Eólico 45,9 MW Solar 17,5 MW Marítima 3,5 MW 0,6 MW!(!( 3,5 MW MW MW Brava Eólico 6 MW Solar 1,3 MW 10 MW 1.7 MW 0,3MW 5,95 MW 10,2 MW São Vicente Eólico 26,35 MW Solar 7,5 MW RSU 2,5 MW Marítima 3,5 MW Hídrica 10 MW 7.5 MW 2.5 MW 3 MW 3,5 MW 10 MW 7,65 MW 2.55 MW São Nicolau Eólico 15,8 MW Solar 2 MW 3,4MW MW 1,3 MW 5,95 MW 3,4 MW 4 MW 1 MW Fogo Eólico 19,6 MW Solar 4 MW Geotermia 3 MW 1 MW 20 MW 18,7 MW 12,75 MW 20 MW 14,45 MW Santiago Eólico 76,5 MW Solar 243 MW RSU 5 MW Hídrica 60 MW 6,8 MW 25 MW 25 MW 6 MW 17 MW 5,1 MW 20 MW 10,3 MW 5,95 MW 30 MW40 MW 20 MW 4,25 MW 5 MW 6,8 MW 30 MW 15 MW 35 MW Boavista Eólico 22,95 MW Solar 30 MW Marítima 3,5 MW Maio Eólico 14,5 MW Solar 3 MW 1 MW 14,45 MW 1 MW!( 11,05 MW 15,3 MW!( 7,65 MW!(!(!( 5,95 MW 5,95 MW 20 MW 15 MW 1 MW!( 2,55 MW 2,55 MW 15 MW 3,5 MW 7,65 MW 4,25 MW 5,95 MW

27 ZDER S RENEWBLE ENERGY DEVELLOPMENT ZONES Fonte: Gesto Energia 27

28 INVESTMENT PLAN FOR 50% RE SCENARIO IN 2020 Ilha Projecto (novos projectos) Tipo Investimento Investimento no período ( M) Potência instalada (MW) Potência total Construção ( M) (novos projectos) (novos projectos) Santiago PS de Santiago - Palmarejo (expansão) Solar 1 MW 3, , PS da Achada da Cidade Velha Solar 9 MW 29, / , P.Eólico Monte Leão Eólico 3,4 MW 7, /2015 7,48 3,4 3,4 P.Eólico Rui Vaz Eólico 3,4 MW 7, /2015 7,48 3,4 3,4 P.Eólico de Achada da Mostarda Eólico 18,7 MW 41, / ,16 12,98 12,8 5,9 P.Eólico de Pedra Branca Eólico 6,8 MW 14, / ,96 6,8 6,8 RSU Praia RSU 5 MW 22,5 2013/ ,5 2,5 5 P.Eólico de Montes Redondos Eólico 6,8 MW 14, / ,96 14,96 Bombagem Chã Gonçalves Bombagem 20 MW 42,6 2014/2018 8,52 34,08 20 Total Santiago 74,1 183,62 3,25 102,1 78, ,9 69,46 S. Vicente PS de Salamanza Solar 3 MW 9, ,5 3, P.Eólico de João d'évora Eólico 7,65 MW 16, /2018 9,35 7,48 4,25 7,65 RSU Mindelo RSU 2,5 MW 11, / ,25 0 2,5 Total S. Vicente 13,15 37,83 6,5 23,85 7,48 2 7,25 13,15 Sal PS do Sal (expansão) Solar 2,5 MW 8, /2018 8,125 2,5 P.Eólico de Serra Negro Eólico 1,7 MW 3, /2018 3,74 1,7 Total Sal 4,20 11,87 11,87 4,20 Sto. Antão P.Eólico Lombo da Torre Eólico 1,7 MW 3, /2018 1,87 1,87 0,85 1,7 PS Porto Novo Solar 1 MW 3, e ,625 1,625 0,5 0,5 1 Total Sto. Antão 2,70 6,99 1,63 1,87 3,50 0,50 1,35 2,70 Fogo P.Eólico Cova da Figueira Eólico 1,7 MW 3,74 1,87 1,87 0,85 1,7 PS do Fogo Solar 1 MW 3,25 1,625 1,625 0,5 1 1 Total Fogo 2,70 6,99 1,63 3,50 1,87 0,50 1,85 2,70 Total 5 Ilhas 96, Fonte: DGEnergia

29 500M additional investment required until 2020 M Investments in electricity sector ( ) Support from partners and international institutions will continue to be required to make the 2020 vision come true Source: Gesto Analysis

30 ível da operacionalização dos projectos e gestão do sistema It is possible to achieves 50% of renewal energy for electricity generation in % % da Produção com base em ER Solar Eólico 60% 52,7% RSU 50% 47,5% 8% 40% 7% 4% 5% 30% 26% 20% 4% 36% 39% 10% 22% 0% Fonte: Análise Gesto; Modelo SIMRES

31 Cabo Verde -meansgreen Cap Why not to havea 100% green country thereal Cabo Verde? 31

32 Excellent Concept Using High Renewable Energy Potentials to Reduce Fossil Dependence and reducing fluctuating Energy Prices What Else Can We Do? To meet the needs of all people and Add Value to the Region? 32

33 50% is ambitious and unique in Africa but most likely, not sufficient! Costs for imported fuel in 2020 still enorm and not at all safe. Role model will be very short lived because 50% is technically possible and easy to achieve. 100% demands more engineering intelligence thus providing more chances for an education based society. 100% creates huge surplus energy work which must be used in new consumers. Much higher investment will flow into CV. More Carbon trading options 33

34 Cape Verde has already started studying for the scenario 100 % RE in

35 For Cabo Verde RE is the option for the 2500 future Saving 100 % on imported fuel in the long run by using a small part of the RE potentials MW Building an high efficiency agriculture based on water turned RE! = 600 % Building a modern cooling logistics for fishery and vegetables based on RE Building a modern engineering and training society based on RE 35

36 Conclusion 100 % are by far achievable by existing potentials 100 % will cause challenges: grid capacity grid management storage capacity high investments for power plants, grid, storage and grid management high prices for regulating energy 100 % are feasible and cost-effective strongly reduced demand for fuel and diesel continuously allow for investment in grid infrastructure and management one time 36

37 Lets pursue the goal of 100% renewable I thank you for your attention 37