Carbon stocks and changes across a network of Atlantic Forest plots. Simone Vieira (NEPAM/UNICAMP, Brazil)

Transcrição

1 Carbon stocks and changes across a network of Atlantic Forest plots Simone Vieira (NEPAM/UNICAMP, Brazil)

2 Forest cover South America the greatest concentration of tropical forests in the world Amazonian region Extra-Amazonian areas in the Pacific coast of Colombia and Ecuador and the Atlantic coast and Iguaçu and Paraná River valleys (2000) FAO

3 Sparovek et al. 2010

4 The Atlantic Forest Cover before ~1.5 million km 2

5 The Atlantic Forest Cover before ~1.5 million km 2...arvoredo que é tanto e tamanho e tão basto e de tanta qualidade de folhagem que não se pode calcular. - Pero Vaz de Caminha (1500)

6 Actually is restricted to no mores than12% of the original area

7

8 CO 2 Carbon dioxide Photosynthesis Respiration + H 2 O + Energy + Water (sunlight) CH 2 O Glucose (SUGAR) O 2 Oxygen gas If Photosynthesis exceeds Respiration, Carbon dioxide will decrease and carbon is stored in the ecosystem

9 Carbon fixed by photosynthesis allocated to growth can store C for varying periods of time Photosynthesis Ecosystem respiration leaf Allocation stem root Loss by leaching, erosion Root Respiration storage Microbial community Soil respiration Litter and SOM decomposition Fire Stabilized SOM

10 Controls over ecosystem processes: state factors, interactive controls, and feedbacks

11 Research questions What is the capacity for these forests to store C? Where could it be stored and for how long? What is their potential to respond to global and local climate change?

12 Biota Project monitor forest structure and dynamics multi-temporal assessment of the floristic composition and species richness Ecosystem studies on N and C cycles

13 ATLANTIC FOREST Tropical Moist Forest Climate: tropical (3 months < 100mm) Temperature: 22-24ºC Precipitation: 2500 mm

14 1000 m 0 m

15 Restinga (seasonally flooded)

16 Lowland tropical moist forest

17 Submontane tropical moist forest

18 Montane tropical moist forest

19 Carbon stocks measurements Tree DBH, Height, Species (above and belowground biomass) Coarse woody debris (CWD) Litterlayer Soil Pantropical allometric equation to estimate biomass (Chave et al. 2005)

20 Total above and below ground carbon storage (MgC ha -1 ) Carbon stock above and belowground in a gradient of elevation in Atlantic Fores and in Amazon forest Live Biomass Fallen and Standing CWD Litter layer Soil (0-100 cm) Root Sea level forest* 100 m 400 m 1,000 m Lowland flooded Lowland Manaus Lowland Santarém Atlantic Forest Site Amazon forest

21 Reservatórios de Carbono na Amazonia Central 1% 1% Estoque de Carbono 10% 6% 4% 38% Árvores Solo Galhos Raizes Finas 12% Raizes grossas Liteira Grossa Folhas 28% Liteira Fina A maior parte do carbono esta estocado nos troncos grossos e no solo Chambers et al. 2004

22 Reservatórios de Carbono na Mata Atlântica Litorânea 1% 1% Estoque de Carbono 1% 1% 6% 4% 28% Árvores Solo Galhos Raizes Finas Raizes grossas Liteira Grossa Folhas 58% Liteira Fina A maior parte do carbono esta estocado nos troncos grossos e no solo Projeto BIOTA - Ubatuba

23 CENÁRIOS CLIMÁTICOS PARA O BRASIL

24 Controls over ecosystem processes: state factors, interactive controls, and feedbacks

25 Carbon fixed by photosynthesis allocated to growth can store C for varying periods of time Photosynthesis Ecosystem respiration leaf Allocation stem root Loss by leaching, erosion Root Respiration storage Microbial community Soil respiration Litter and SOM decomposition Fire Stabilized SOM

26

27 Soil radiocarbon age

28 Soil C stocks and changes across a network of Atlantic Forest plots Soil C Stock (MgC ha -1 ) 350 y = 44,158ln(x) - 13,9 R² = 0, Elevation (a.s.l.m)

29 Soil C Stock (MgC ha -1 ) Soil C stocks and changes across a network of Atlantic Forest plots y = 44,158ln(x) - 13,9 R² = 0,9985 y = -11,808x ,33x ,7 R² = 0, Soil Temperature ( o C) Elevation (a.s.l.m)

30 Conclusion The Tropical Atlantic Forest can be considered an important reservoir of carbon, which can store between MgC ha -1 The global model predict there will have no change on total precipitaion Temperature may increase (~4 o C worst scenario) The increase of the temperature will direct affect total carbon stock in Atlantic forest, especially soil carbon stock By increasing temperature, carbon in fast and slow pools will also be affected

31 Thank you!

32 Alves et al Forest Ecology and Management Forest structure and live aboveground biomass variation along an elevational gradient of tropical Atlantic moist forest (Brazil)