If grandma goes to the supermarket on foot, her legs hurt.

Transcrição

1 1. Introdução: Usamos as Conditional Clauses na hora de dar conselhos, discutir fatos cotidianos, falar sobre possibilidades, traçar novos planos, criar situações hipotéticas ou comentar as suas escolhas do passado: If you learn how to use the if-clauses, you will certainly be able to do all this in English! (Se você aprender a usar as if-clauses, certamente, conseguirá fazer tudo isso em inglês!). As If-clauses são as Conditional Tenses (frases condicionais) do inglês e a frase destacada acima é um exemplo desse uso. Em português, elas nada mais são que as sentenças que começam com se. Existem 4 Tipos de Conditional Clauses: Zero Conditional; First Conditional; Second Conditional; Third Conditional; 1.1. Zero Conditional: Esse uso é fundamental para quando você quer apresentar um fato, ou seja, alguma coisa de que você tem certeza ou que acontece com bastante frequência. Assim como todas as if-clauses, a Zero Conditional é formada por duas sentenças, geralmente ligadas pelo if. Ela é marcada pelos verbos no presente: If grandma goes to the supermarket on foot, her legs hurt. A Zero Condicional é usada para falar de verdades em geral e de coisas que sempre acontecem sobre certas condições. 1) Estrutura do Zero Conditional: If + simple present, simple present If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. 2) Se invertermos a posição da if clause não é necessário o uso da vírgula. The water boils if you heat it to 100 degrees. 3) Também é possível substituir o if por when ou unless, que funcionam como as palavras quando e a menos que em português: The water boils when you heat it to 100 degrees. 4) Podemos usar também o imperativo na oração principal quando usamos a condicional para darmos instruções. 5) A maioria das condicionais zero tem o mesmo significado se when é usado no lugar de if. Preliminary Work: 1. Make zero conditional sentences by using the words. a) ice / fl oat / you / drop / it / in water b) you / not / eat / you / die c) not / rain / the grass / not / grow/ it d) my daughter / eat / too much chocolate / she /get / sick 1

2 2. Complete the zero conditional sentences. Use the conditions and the results from the table below: Conditionals Result you ve got a headache you get pink you don t wear a crash helmet a dog bites A you heat it to 100º C the DVD player comes on she comes home very late butter melts you leave gates open in the country it scratches you you add sugar you have more chance of being killed a) Water boils if you heat it to 100º C. b) If you mix red and white. c) if you leave it in the sun. d) If, take an aspirin. e) If, it tastes sweet. f) if you go near its food when it s eating. g) If you pull a cat s tail,. h) if you don t wear a seat belt. i) You can end up brain damaged if. 3. Reescreva o texto substituindo WHEN por IF: When it rains, my roof leaks. When my roof leaks, the walls get wet. When the walls get wet, they get moldy. When they get moldy, I get sick. When I get sick, I go to the doctor. When I go the doctor, he always says the same thing, Fix your roof! 2

3 1.2. First Conditional: A First Conditional é ótima para dar conselhos ou impor condições. A sua estrutura se parece com a da Zero Conditional, mas enquanto o verbo da if-clause aparece no presente, o da result clause é usado no futuro: A First Conditional é chamada às vezes de Real Conditional. Ela é usada para descrever uma ação verdadeira, que acontecerá no futuro, como consequência de uma ação realizada no presente. 1) Estrutura do First Conditional: If + Simple Present, Simple Future If you don t study hard, you won t pass the exam. She will need some help if she buys that new car. Preliminary Work: 1. Choose the correct alternative that fills the blanks correctly. a) If Caroline and Sue (prepare/will prepare) the salad, Phil (Will decorate/decorates) the house. b) If Sue (cut/cuts/will cut) the onions for the salad, Caroline (peel/peels/will peel) the mushrooms. c) If Bob (tidy/tidies/will tidy) up the kitchen, Anita (clean/cleans/will clean) the toilet. d) Elaine (buy/buys/ will buy) the drinks if somebody (help/helps/will help) her carry the bottles. e) If Alan and Rebecca (organize/organizes/ will organize) the food, Mary and Conor (make/makes/will make) the sandwiches. f) If Bob (look/looks/will look) after the barbecue, Sue (invite/invites/will invite) the guests in. g) Frank (play/plays/ will play) the DJ if the others (bring/brings/will bring) along their CDs. h) Alan (mix/mixes/will mix) the drinks if Jane (give/gives/will give) him some of her cocktail recipes. i) If they all (do/does/will do) their best, the party (is/are/will be) great. 2. Complete the First Conditional Sentences by putting the verbs into the correct form. a) If you (send) this letter now, she (receive) it tomorrow. b) If I (do) this test, I (improve) my English. c) If I (find) your ring, I (give) it back to you. d) Peggy (go) shopping if she (have) time in the afternoon. e) Simon (go) to London next week if he (get) a cheap flight. f) If her boyfriend (phone/not) today, she (leave) him. g) If they (study / not) harder, they (pass / not) the exam. h) If it (rain) tomorrow, I (have to / not) water the plants. i) You (be able/ not) to sleep if you (watch) this scary fi lm. 3

4 j) Susan (can / move / not) into the new house if it (be / not) ready on time. 3. Complete as frases com suas próprias palavras utilizando o First Conditional. a) If you don t work b) If he drinks too much c) He Will get drunk d) If the girl doesn t look after the baby e) If we run f) They will get wet g) If I have money 4

5 1.3. Second Conditional: Se a intenção é falar de situações hipotéticas no presente ou no futuro, use a Second Conditional. Nela, o verbo da If-clause é usado no Simple Past e o da sentença principal é acompanhado dos modais would, could ou might. If she had a car, she could see her boyfriend every day. (Se ela tivesse um carro, poderia ver o namorado todos os dias.) A Second Conditional é chamada às vezes de Conditional unreal. Ela é como a First Conditional, nós pensamos sobre o futuro, porém o resultado desta condição não é real e ela não se realizará. Como estamos falando de situações hipotéticas, o verb to be é usado de uma maneira um pouco diferente nesses casos. Mesmo para he, she, it e I, o verbo usado é o were: If I were you, I wouldn t spend so much money on clothes. (Se eu fosse você, não gastaria tanto dinheiro com roupas.) 1) A estrutura do Second Conditional: If + simple past, would + main verb IF Condition Result If I married Mary I would be happy. If John became rich she would marry him. If it snowed next July would you be surprised? If it snowed next July what would you do? Preliminary Work: 1. Choose the best alternative for each sentence. a) If he were a young man, he able to walk faster. (a) is (b) was (c) will be (d) would be b) We d be on the beach if we in Mexico! (a) are (b) were (c) will be (d) would be c) If smoking were allowed, I a cigarette. (a) have (b) had (c) will have (d) would have d) If there no mosquitos, there would be no malaria. (a) is (b) are (c) was (d) were e) If her hair were black, she completely different. (a) look (b) looks (c) will look (d) would look f) If I a penny for every can of soda I ve drunk in my life, I would be rich! (a) have (b) had (c) will have (d) would have g) He s so stupid! If he an animal, he would be a sheep. (a) is (b) was (c) were (d) would be h) We don t mind camping, but if we enough money, we in a hotel. (a) would have...stayed (b) have... stayed (c) had... would stay (d) had... stayed i) We would learn a lot from dolphins if they. (a) could talk (b) can talk (c) talk (d) will talk 5

6 j) If the weather better, we to the park. (a) were... will go (b) were... would go (c) is... would go (d) was... go 2. Complete the sentences by using the verbs in brackets. a) If you knew his phone number, you (can) phone him. b) If you took the train, you (arrive) faster. c) If you had a key, you (open) the door. d) If you were less tired, you (clean) the house. e) If we had the choice, we (go) to America. f) If there were more children, they (build) a school. g) If he met a woman, he (be) happy. h) If people were more generous, they (help) the poor ones. 3. Após ler a primeira frase de cada exercício, utilize a ideia para escrever orações condicionais. a) He doesn t go to bed early. He s often tired at work. If he went to bed early at work. b) He isn t a good actor. He doesn t make lots of films. If he did lots of films, a good actor. c) They never read. They re not good at English. If they read more, good at English. d) It often rains in Scotland. That s why we never go on holiday there. If it less often rained in Scotland, on holiday there. e) They re very rich. They buy expensive clothes. If they bought expensive clothes, rich. f) I don t work very hard. I have bad results. If you worked very hard, good results. 6

7 1.4. Third Conditional: Aqui, continuamos falando de situações hipotéticas, mas agora sobre o passado, ou seja, é para quando queremos comentar algo que não aconteceu (ideal para chorar pelo leite derramado!). Para isso, usamos o verbo da if-clause no past perfect e o da sentença principal com o formato do present perfect, só que acompanhado novamente de would, could ou might, o que dá à estrutura a ideia de uma possibilidade que não aconteceu, bem diferente do Present Perfect de fato: If they had planned better, they might have already moved to England. (Se eles tivessem se planejado melhor, talvez já tivessem se mudado para a Inglaterra.) 1) A estrutura do Third Conditional é um pouco mais complexa que a das outras três condicionais, sendo: Preliminary Work: If + Past Perfect, modal + Present Perfect If I had studied harder at school, I would have got better grades. 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form a Third Conditional sentence. a) If you (check) the car, it (not/break) down in the middle of the desert. b) It (not/rain), the children (play) outside. c) If my parents (not/be) so tired, they (watch) the film on TV. d) If she (buy) a new hard disk, she (not/lose) all data. e) If we (use) the town map, we (not/get) lost. f) If Tom (eat) more salad, he (not/catch) a cold. g) If the police (not/stop) me, I (reach) you in time. h) If his older brother (not/drive) so fast, he (not/crash) into the other car. i) If Fred (not/cheat) at the test, his teacher (not/phone) his father. j) If I (not/switch off) the radio, I (know) about the second goal. 2. Choose the correct alternative to complete each Third Conditional sentence. a) If I had studied harder, I my exam. (a) would pass (b) would have passed (c) will pass (d) would passed b) If you to the party, you would have seen me. (a) went (b) have gone (c) had gone (d) go c) If she had listened to me, she problems. (a) will not have (b) would not had (c) would not have (d) would not have had d) I milk at the store last night. (a) should buy (b) should bought (c) should have bought (d) should have buy e) If he the opportunity, he could have gone. (a) has (b) had (c) have had (d) had had f) I would have cleaned the house if I you were coming. (a) knew (b) know (c) have known (d) had known g) They the books if you had told them. 7

8 (a) bring (b) brought (c) would bring (d) would have brought h) If Brad French class, he would have learned how to speak French. (a) has taken (b) had taken (c) has took (d) took i) started the project if you had known it was due on Monday? (a) Would you have (b) Had you (c) Would have you (d) Would you j) What if you had been me? (a) would you done (b) would you have did (c) would you have done (d) would you had done 3. Complete the text about Jane and Adam s wedding by using the Third Conditional. a) If Jane (not/lose) her job as a sales representative in London, she (not/move) to Edinburgh. b) If she (not/move) to Edinburgh, she (not/find) a job in a new company. c) If she (not/find) a job in the new company, she (not/meet) Adam. d) If she (not/meet) Adam, they (not/fall) in love. e) If they (not/fall) in love, Adam (not/ask) Jane to marry him. 4. Write funny endings of the following sentences. a) If I hadn t come here today, I would have. b) If I d found U$ 1,000 before school today, I would have. c) If I d won the lottery recently, I would have. d) If I d met an alien this morning, I would have. e) If I d kissed a famous person, I would. 5. Decide whether the following Conditional Sentences are first, second or third. a) If he had dropped the vase, it would have broken. b) If you have to do the washing up, I will help you. c) If I had a hammer, I d hammer in the morning... (song) d) I wouldn t run away if I saw a spider. e) We d have given you a lift if you hadn t had your bike with you. f) If you had listened to me, the accident wouldn t have happened. g) If we don t get tickets for the concert, we ll stay at home. h) They d go by bus if they didn t have a car. i) She ll hear us if you don t stop laughing. 8

9 j) He wouldn t have taken the bread if he hadn t been hungry. 6. Put in the correct phrases and form a conditional sentence (first, second, third). a) If he had studied harder, he (to pass) his driving test. b) If we meet at 9:30, we (to have) plenty of time. c) Lisa would find the milk if she (to look) in the fridge. d) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fi ne if she (to feed) the animals. e) If you spoke louder, your classmates (to understand) you. f) Dan (to arrive) safe if he drove slowly. g) You (to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework. h) If you (to swim) in this lake, you ll shiver from cold. i) The door will unlock if you (to press) the green button. j) If Mel (to ask) her teacher, he d have answered her questions. k) I (to call) the office if I were you. 7. Choose the correct verb form for these conditionals. a) If you like, you can stay / stay / would stay for two days. b) If I see / saw / had seen the film in the cinema, I wouldn t have watched it on TV again. c) If the parents bought the cat, their children are / would be / would have been very happy. d) Metal will expand / would expand / expands if you heat it. e) He will receive / might receive / should have received my if he d been online yesterday evening. f) If she tidies / tidied / had tidied up her room, she must find the receipt. g) What will you do / would you do / would you have done if you had a million dollars. h) Where would you live if you be / were / are younger. i) If you will wait / wait / had waited for a little moment, I will tell the doctor you are here. 9