AULAS 17 e 18 REPORTED SPEECH

Transcrição

1 AULAS 17 e 18 REPORTED SPEECH

2 Reported Speech é à repetição de algo que foi dito por alguém; algo que foi relatado a outra(s) pessoa(s) com nossas próprias palavras. He said, I study hard." (direct speech) He said (that) he studied hard. (reported speech) Para passar uma sentença do direct speech (discurso direto) para o reported speech (discurso indireto) são necessárias algumas alterações na construção da frase. Veja as alterações a seguir.

3 Existem três tipos de reported speech: Statements He said, "I study hard." (direct speech) He said (that) he studied hard. (reported speech) Commands He said to John, "Open the door." He told John to open the door. Questions They said to us, "Do you know her?" They asked us if we knew her..

4 Alterações verbais: Alterações direct speech indirect speech Simple Present Simple Past Present Continuous Past Continuous Present Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous Simple Past Past Perfect Simple Future Simple Conditional Simple Conditional Conditional Perfect Can Could May Might Must Had to

5 Quando o verbo introdutório to say estiver no simple present, present continuous, present perfect ou simple future, não haverá mudança nos tempos verbais. He says:.'l love dancing." He says (that) he loves dancing.

6 Com verdades universais não há mudança verbal: He said, Man is mortal. He said (that) man is mortal.

7 Os verbos should, ought to, might e could, assim como os verbos no past continuous e no past perfect não sofrem alterações na passagem do discurso indireto. He said to her, I was studying hard." He told her (that) he was studying hard.

8 Outras alterações direct speech indirect speech this that these those here there now then today that day yesterday the day before tomorrow the next day last (...) the (...) before next (...) the following (...) ago before

9 No direct speech, deve-se usar say ou say to na oração introdutória. Já no reported speech, usa-se say (sem objeto) ou tell seguido de objeto direto na oração introdutória, ou ask ou order conforme o tipo de reported speech. O conectivo that é facultativo.

10 Tipos de reported speech a) Statements (afirmativas) Seguem normalmente as regras já mencionadas. He said, "I study hard." He said (that) he studied hard He said to us, "I think I have broken my arm". He told us (that) he thought he had broken his arm. She said to Paul, "I bought it last week. She told him (that) she had bought it the week before.

11 Commands direct speech verbo principal indirect speech tell, order ou command imperativo afirmativo imperativo negativo infinitivo com to not + infinitivo com to He said to John, Please, open the door. He asked John to open the door. She said to him, Don't smoke here. She told (ordered) him not to smoke there.

12 Questions Com orações interrogativas, o verbo introdutório altera-se para ask. He said, "How is Paul? He asked how Paul was. John said to Mary, "Where did you spend your holidays?" John asked Mary where she had spent her ho!idays. Quando não houver pronome interrogativo, usamos whether ou if no discurso indireto. He said to me, "Did you go there yesterday" He asked me if (whether) I had gone there the day before.

13 Quando um convite ou uma sugestão são transformados em reported speech, o verbo da oração introdutória passa a ser to suggest e a forma let's torna-se should. They said, "Let's wait here till the rain stops." They suggested (that) we should wait there till the rain stopped.

14 Quando shall não estiver indicando futuro, mas apenas tiver o significado de: "você quer que?", no reported speech se transforma em should. He said, "Shall l help you?" He asked me if he should help me.

15 Quando se expressa dúvida ou possibilidade alternativa, deve-se usar whether (e não if). He asked me, "Are you going to eat or not?" He asked me whether (or not) I was going to eat. He asked me whether I was going to eat ( or not).