Teacher: Marcelo Pereira de Leão Past Perfect

Transcrição

1 Teacher: Marcelo Pereira de Leão Past Perfect O Past Perfect é usado para descrever uma ação que ocorreu no passado, antes de outra ação também passada. Observe as formas e os usos deste tempo verbal: FORMAS: O Past Perfect é formado com o passado simples do verbo to have (had), que funciona como auxiliar do verbo principal, seguido do past participle (particípio passado) do verbo principal. Lembre-se de que o particípio passado dos verbos regulares terminam em -ed e os verbos irregulares possuem forma própria (ver verbos irregulares). Observe as formas desse tempo verbal: - FORMA AFIRMATIVA: The film had already started when we got to the cinema. (O filme já tinha começado quando chegamos ao cinema.) Compare: The film started when we got to the cinema - As duas ações ocorreram ao mesmo tempo, diferente do que ocorre no Past Perfect, onde ambas ações ocorrem no passado, porém uma antes da outra. The mall had already closed when I arrived there. (O shopping já tinha fechado quando cheguei lá.) AFFIRMATIVE FORM: SUJEITO + PASSADO SIMPLES DO VERBO TO HAVE (HAD) + PARTICÍPIO PASSADO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL - FORMA NEGATIVA: A Forma Negativa do Past Perfect forma-se acrescentando not ao verbo auxiliar, que é o passado simples do verbo to have (had). * FORMA CONTRAÍDA: HAD + NOT = HADN'T The couch got soaked because they had not closed the window while it was raining. (O sofá ficou encharcado porque eles não tinham fechado a janela enquanto estava chovendo.) I hadn't heard you knocking the door because I was sleeping. (Não ouvi você bater na porta porque estava dormindo.) Peter hadn't realized that the place was so dangerous. (Pedro não tinha se dado conta de que o lugar era tão perigoso.) NEGATIVE FORM: SUJEITO + HAD + NOT (HADN'T) + PARTICÍPIO PASSADO DO VERBO PRINCIPAL

2 - FORMA INTERROGATIVA: Na Forma Interrogativa do Past Perfect, o verbo had posiciona-se antes do sujeito da oração: Had the train already left when you got to the station? (O trem já tinha partido quando você chegou à estação?) Had you already had dinnner when I called to you? (Você já tinha jantado quando eu liguei?) Had she read the book before seeing the movie? (Ela tinha lido o livro antes de assistir ao filme?) O past perfect é usado para expressar uma ação que ocorreu no passado antes de uma outra ação ter ocorrido. Esse tempo verbal é marcado pela forma: Sujeito + had + verbo principal no particípio passado + complemento The movie had already started when I got home yesterday. (O filme já tinha começado quando eu cheguei em casa ontem). Para a forma negativa basta acrescentar o not após o had ; e para as frases interrogativas, inverter o had, colocando-o no início da frase, conforme a tabela abaixo: Negativa I had not / I hadn t You had not / you hadn t He had not / he hadn t She had not / she hadn t It had not / it hadn t We had not / we hadn t You had not / you hadn t They had not / they hadn t Interrogativa Had I? Had you? Had he? Had she? Had it? Had we? Had you? Had they? Ex.: I hadn t cleaned my bedroom when my mother arrived home this weekend.(eu não tinha limpado meu quarto quando minha mãe chegou em casa nesse final de semana). The game hadn t started when we got to the stadium. (O jogo não tinha começado quando nós chegamos ao estádio). She hadn t made the dinner when the guests arrived. (Ela não tinha feito o jantar quando os convidados chegaram). Had you danced before the end of the party? (Você tinha dançado antes do fim da festa?). Had they sent all the invitations before the wedding? (Eles tinham enviado todos os convites antes do casamento?). Had the play already started when you got to the theater yesterday? (A peça já tinha começado quando vocês chegaram ao teatro ontem?).

3 EXERCISES Choose the past perfect, or the past simple: 1. We had already eaten when John (come) home. 2. Last year Juan (pass) all his exams. 3. When I (get) to the airport I discovered I had forgotten my passport. 4. I went to the library, then I (buy) some milk and went home. 5. I opened my handbag to find that I (forgot) my credit card.

4 6. When we (arrive) at the station, the train had already left. 7. We got home to find that someone (break) into the house. 8. I opened the fridge to find someone (eat) all my chocolate. 9. I had known my husband for three years when we (get) married. 10. Julie was very pleased to see that John (clean) the kitchen. 11. It (not / rain) all summer, so the grass was completely dead. 12. When he (arrive) at the party, Julie had just left. 13. After arriving home, I realised I (not / buy) any milk. 14. The laundry was wet it (rain) while I was out. 15. William felt ill last night because he (eat) too many cakes. 16. Keiko (meet) William last September. 17. First I tidied the flat, then I (sit) down and had a cup of coffee. 18. John (play) the piano when he was a child, but he doesn t play now. 19. When I opened the curtains the sun was shining but the ground was white. It (snow) during the night. 20. When Julie got home from her holiday, her flat was a mess. John (have) a party. Answers: 1. We had already eaten when John came home. 2. Last year Juan passed all his exams. 3. When I got to the airport I discovered I had forgotten my passport. 4. I went to the library, then I bought some milk and went home. 5. I opened my handbag to find that I had forgotten my credit card.

5 6. When we arrived at the station, the train had already left. 7. We got home to find that someone had broken into the house. 8. I opened the fridge to find someone had eaten all my chocolate. 9. I had known my husband for three years when we got married. 10. Julie was very pleased to see that John had cleaned the kitchen. 11. It hadn t rained all summer, so the grass was completely dead. 12. When he arrived at the party, Julie had just left. 13. After arriving home, I realised I hadn t bought any milk. 14. The laundry was wet it had rained while I was out. 15. William felt ill last night because he had eaten too many cakes. 16. Keiko met William last September. 17. First I tidied the flat, then I sat down and had a cup of coffee. 18. John played the piano when he was a child, but he doesn t play now. 19. When I opened the curtains the sun was shining but the ground was white. It had snowed during the night. 20. When Julie got home from her holiday, her flat was a mess. John had had a party. Questões: 01. Complete com o tempo verbal adequado do verbo entre parênteses: a) You ever caviar? (to eat) b) She just from France. (to arrive) 02. Paul half the work, when they in. a) finished, came b) has finished, came c) had finished, had come d) has finished, had come e) had finished, came

6 03. Paul in Germany since a) lived b) has lived c) will live d) lives e) live 04. (UNIP) Things a lot since October. a) changed has b) are changing c) has changed d) change e) have changed 05. (ITA) A: Would you like some more whisky? B: Yes, you it. a) have already drunk b) have already drink c) already drink d) has already drunk e) have already drinking 06. Which is the correct form? a) The Mr. Patrick is our professor since March. b) Mr. Patrick have been our professor since March. c) Mr. Patrick is our professor since March. d) Mr. Patrick has been our professor since March. e) Mr. Patrick has been our professor from March. 07. My brother to me for months. a) doesn't write b) don't write c) has not written d) has not being written e) have written 08. He'd been a businessman before he an actor.

7 a) becomes b) has become c) become d) is becoming e) became 09. his watch yet? a) Didn't he found b) Hasn't he found c) Doesn't he find d) Don't he find e) Do he finds 10. (MACKENZIE) A: Was that 9 o'clock train? B: Yes, you it. a) have just missed b) has just missed c) have just miss d) have just missing e) had just miss Resolução: 01. a) Have you ever eaten caviar? b) She has just arrived from France. 02. E 03. B 04. E 05. A 06. D 07. C 08. E 09. B 10. A

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