Present Perfect: aprenda como e quando usar para não errar mais

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1 INGLÊS Present Perfect: aprenda como e quando usar para não errar mais Usamos o Present Perfect para expressar ações ou situações que ocorreram em um tempo não conhecido ou não mencionado, para expressar ações terminadas recentemente ou ações que começaram no passado e que ainda têm algum efeito sobre o presente. O Present Perfect é um tempo verbal sem equivalente no português, por isso, dependendo do contexto, pode ser traduzido pelo passado ou pelo presente. As expressões de tempo usadas com o passado referem-se exclusivamente ao passado, ao passo que as expressões de tempo usadas com o present perfect devem, de alguma forma, incluir o momento presente. Obs.: o present perfect não responde à pergunta 'When?'. Observe a diferença Simple past He studied French for two years. (Ele estudou francês por dois anos.) ** Não estuda mais. He lived in Brazil. (Ele morou no Brasil.) ** Não mora mais. I saw him last week.

2 (Eu o vi na semana passada.) They played soccer all morning. (Eles jogaram futebol a manhã toda.) ** A manhã e o jogo já terminaram. Did you go to Rio last year? (Você foi ao Rio no ano passado?) Present perfect He has studied French for two years. (Ele estuda francês há dois anos.) ** Ainda estuda. He has lived in Brazil. (Ele tem morado / mora no Brasil.) ** Ainda mora I have seen him every day. (Eu o vejo / tenho visto todos os dias.) They have played soccer all morning. (Eles estão jogando / tem jogado / jogaram futebol a manhã toda.) ** A manhã e o jogo não terminaram. Have you ever been to Rio? (Você foi ao / já esteve no Rio alguma vez?) Advérbios ou expressões adverbiais muito usados com esse tempo verbal: since (desde)

3 many times (muitas vezes) ever (alguma vez) never (nunca) already (já) for (por) recently (recentemente) lately (ultimamente) just (acabou de) yet (ainda/já) Exemplos: I have worked here since yesterday. (Trabalho aqui desde ontem.) He has worked here for two years. (Ele trabalha aqui há dois anos.) We have gone to Japan many times. (Fomos / temos ido ao Japão muitas vezes.) She has visited me recently. (Ela me visitou recentemente.) I haven't seen Tom lately.

4 (Não tenho visto Tom ultimamente.) They have never left their country. (Eles nunca saíram do país.) Have you ever been to Turkey? (Você já foi àturquia?) Ann has just arrived. (Ann acaba de chegar.) I have already written the letter. (Já escrevi a carta.) The kids haven t slept yet. (As crianças ainda não dormiram.) Have they had lunch yet? (Eles já almoçaram?) As formas Afirmativa: have / has + verbo no particípio passado. Exemplo com o verbo to sleep conjugado no present perfect na afirmativa I have slept you have slept

5 he/she/it has slept we have slept you have slept they have slept Negativa: acrescenta-se not ao verbo auxiliar (que é o have) Exemplo: He has not slept well. (Ele não dormiu / tem dormido / dorme bem.) Interrogativa: coloca-se o auxiliar antes do sujeito. Exemplo: Has he slept well? (Ele tem dormido / dormiu bem?) Interrogativa-negativa: coloca-se o verbo auxiliar na forma negativa e abreviada antes do sujeito. Exemplo: Haven't they slept well? (Eles não têm dormido / não dormiram bem?) Formas abreviadas: have - 've have not - haven t has - 's has not - hasn t

6 1. Rewrite the sentences in the negative form using yet. a) I've been to Paris. b) I've finished my homework. c) Mary's seen that movie. d) Jim's eaten breakfast. e) Patricia's met Susan's boyfriend. 2. Give affirmative answers to the questions using already and replacing the underlined words with the correct object pronouns. a) Have you called John? b) Have you mailed the letter? c) Have you bought bread for dinner? d) Have you washed the dishes? e) Have you cleaned your bedroom? 3. Complete the sentences with yet or already. a) I've fallen in love. b) They haven't kissed each other. c) Have you invited your girlfriend to your party? d) They have broken up. e) She hasn't answered his love letters.. 4. Write sentences in the present perfect using just. a) Eric / arrive here b) Mary / see her teacher c) we / meet our friend d) Kate / call me e) Jim and Leo / finish their homework Present Perfect: aprenda como e quando usar para não errar mais 5. Give personal short answers. a) Have you ever traveled by train? b) Have you already seen "Pirates of the Caribbean"? c) Have you ever lived in another city? d) Have you already had lunch today? e) Have you ever gone to a rock concert?

7 6. Ask questions. A:. B: No, she hasn't done her homework yet. A: Who? B: I have dated Paul. A: Where? B: I've met Kitty at school. A: How long? B: Carol's waited for Paul about an hour and a half. A: Has? B: No, she has never watched a western movie. 7. Read the chart and write what John "has done already" or "hasn't done yet". 8. Complete the sentences in the present perfect with the verbs: do, meet, clean, move, study, watch, go, ride and buy. a) you already out with Mary? b) I Kitty yet. Is she at school?

8 c) she already to her new flat? d) you already your homework? e) They never a horse. f) We my cousin's birthday present yet. g) you already your bedroom? h) Tobby never horror movies. i) Carol already for the science test? Present Perfect: aprenda como e quando usar para não errar mais RESPOSTAS 1. a) I haven't been to Paris yet. b) I haven't finished my homework yet. c) Mary hasn't seen that movie yet. d) Jim hasn't eaten breakfast yet. e) Patricia hasn't met Susan's boyfriend yet. 2. a) Yes, I've already called him. b) Yes, I've already mailed it. c) Yes, I've already bought it. d) Yes, I've already washed them. e) Yes, I've already cleaned it. 3. a) already b) yet c) already d) already e) yet 4. a) Eric has just arrived here. b) Mary has just seen her teacher. c) We have just met our friend. d) Kate has just called me. e) Jim and Leo have just finished their homework. 5.

9 Personal answers. (Yes, I have. / No, I haven't) 6. A: Has she already done her homework? B: No, she hasn't done her homework yet. A: Who have you dated? B: I have dated Paul. A: Where have you met Kitty? B: I've met Kitty at school. A: How long has Carol waited for Paul? B: Carol's waited for Paul about an hour and a half. A: Has she ever watched a western movie? B: No, she has never watched a western movie. 7. a) He has already sent s. b) He hasn't gone to the bank yet. c) He has already had breakfast. d) He hasn't phoned his mother yet. e) He hasn't washed the car yet. f) He has already taken the children to school. g) He hasn't had lunch yet. h) He has already opened the mail. i) He hasn't read the newspaper yet. 8. a) Have you already gone out with Mary? b) I haven't met Kitty yet. Is she at school? c) Has she already moved to her new flat? d) Have you already done your homework? e) They have never ridden a horse. f) We haven't bought my cousin's birthday present yet. g) Have you already cleaned your bedroom? h) Tobby has never watched horror movies. i) Has Carol already studied for the science test?