MODAL VERBS. must should ought to will

Transcrição

1 AULAS 9 e 10 MODAIS

2 MODAL VERBS Os verbos modais são usados antes de outros verbos com o objetivo de modificá-los (modalizá-los). Modal verb é usado junto com um verbo principal, alterandolhe ou completando- lhe o sentido. De modo geral, indicam possibilidade, obrigação, dedução, permissão, habilidade. São eles : can may could might must should ought to will

3 Características dos Modal Verbs : 1. Têm uma única forma fixa. can (poder) may (poder) must (dever)

4 2. São sempre seguidos por verbos no infinitivo sem to. ( Exceção = ought to). He can swim. She must study. They ought to pay the rent.

5 3. Os modais nunca são flexionados: Não levam -s na 3 ª pessoa do singular Não formam gerúndio com ing Passado com ed. He could swim when he was younger.

6 5. Para a forma negativa, acrescenta-se um not.. can - cannot (can't). may - may not. must - must not (mustn't). could - could not (couldn't). might - might not (mightn't). ought - ought not (oughtn't). should - should not (shouldn't)

7 6. Para a forma interrogativa, faz-se a inversão: sujeito + modal. Can you speak English? May I use your pen? Must they wait until two o'clock?

8 1. Can pode expressar : capacidade / habilidade permissão informal pedido informal possibilidade

9 CAPACIDADE She can ride a horse. Can you speak any foreign languages? You can all read and write. He can t dance.

10 PERMISSÃO INFORMAL Can I ask a question? Can we have some sweets? Students can take a year away from university.

11 POSSIBILIDADE Reading can be areal pleasure. This can t be true. In some cases this can cause difficulty.

12 2. Could pode expressar : capacidade / habilidade no passado permissão informal / pedido informal suggestion / offering possibility

13 Capacidade / habilidade no passado He could run faster than anyone else. A lot of them couldn t read or write. We couldn t stop laughing.

14 Permissão informal / pedido informal We couldn t go into the library after 5 p.m. Could I just interrupt a minute? Could you switch on the light behind you?

15 Suggestion / offering You could phone her. Couldn t we do it at the weekend? We could go on Friday. Could we invite Paul to the party?

16 Possibility That could be one reason. It couldn t have been wrong. He could hardly have felt more ashamed of himself.

17 3. May pode expressar: permissão formal possibilidade / probabilidade

18 Permissão formal May I come in? They may do exactly as they want. You may leave as soos as you have finished.

19 Possibilidade / Probabilidade He may have some problems with his eyes. He may have slept badly last night. She may be working at home.

20 4. Might pode expressar: mera possibilidade / probabilidade

21 Mera possibilidade / probabilidade They might be planning a surprise. She might have had some bad news.

22 5. Must pode expressar: dever / obrigação dedução / probabilidade

23 Dedução / probabilidade You must be very proud of your son winning so many prizes. You must have taken the wrong road. He must know something about it.

24 Dever / obrigação You must come to the meeting tomorrow. We must eat before we go. Obs: usamos must para indicar obrigações no presente. Para indicar obrigação no passado usamos had to. She had to catch the six o clock train.

25 Difference between Must e Have to Obrigação pessoal: você se impõem estes dever I must be very careful not to upset him. I must correct the tests.

26 Difference between Must e Have to Obrigação impessoal: quando falamos sobre algo que alguém considera como sua obrigação. They have to pay the bill by Tuesday. She has to go now.

27 Difference between Must e Have to Have to é usado para indicar ações habituais, geralmente com advérbios de frequência. I always have to do the shopping. You often have to wait a long time for a bus.

28 5. Mustn t expressa proibição: They mustn t talk about politics. You mustn t do that!

29 6.Should / ought to podem expressar : conselho sugestão / opinião We should send her a postcard. We shouldn t spend all the money. I think that we should be paid more. You look pale. You ought to see a doctor.

30 Observação: Had better + verb Pode ser usado como conselho ou sugestão: You d better go tomorrow. I think I had better show this to you now.

31 7. Will pode expressar: Previsões futuras / intenção Promessas Oferecimento / pedido educado

32 Previsões futuras / intenção The weather tomorrow will be warm and sunny. I m sure you ll enjoy your visit to the zoo.

33 Promessas I ll ring you tonight. I ll help you carry this heavy box.

34 Oferecimento / pedido educado Will you have another biscuit, Dave? Will you come to my party on Saturday? I ll show you the hotel.

35 8. Would pode expressar: Pedido educado Oferecimento

36 Pedido educado Would you make me a favor? Would you mind doing the washing up? Would you tell her that Adrian phoned?

37 Oferecimento Would you like a drink? Would you like to come for a meal?

38 Observação: Ações hipotéticas: 1º Condicional I ll call you if I need you. 2º Condicional If he was coming, he would ring. If I were you, I would take the money.