Effect of the homeopathic solution Sulphur on the growth and productivity of radish

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1 Effet of the homeopthi solution on the growth nd produtivity of rdish Crlos Moir Bonto * nd Eni Pulo d Silv 1 Deprtmento de Biologi, Universidde Estdul de Mringá, Av Colomo, 5790, 87020, Mringá, Prná, Brsil. *Author for orrespondene. e-mil: monto@uem.r ABSTRACT. The im of this work ws to nlyze the effet of the homeopthi solution on some rdish growth vriles. Five dinmiztions of were used (5 CH, 12 CH, 30 CH, 200 CH nd 1 MCH) on entesiml sle. Tretments were rried out in vses outdoors nd the homeopthi solution ws pplied weekly. The fresh nd dry mtter mss of the shoot nd the root system, the verge length of the root system, the verge plnt length, the length of the lrgest lef nd the root dimeter were nlyzed. The pplition of improved the generl onditions of the plnts in prtilly ll the studied vriles, when ompred with ontrol. The dinmiztions 5 CH, 12 CH, 30 CH nd 1 MCH showed etter responses. The ontrol nd the dinmiztion 200 CH were the tretments tht presented the most negtive results. The results suggest tht the homeopthy n e n lterntive to improve the produtivity nd pperne of ommeril griulturl produts, with sustntil redution in griulturl input. Key words: Dinmiztion, Rphnus stivus L. RESUMO. Efeito d solução homeopáti no resimento e n produtividde de rnete. Este trlho teve omo ojetivo nlisr o efeito do medimento homeopátio em lgums vriáveis de resimento de rnete. Utilizrm-se 5 dinmizções de (5 CH, 12 CH, 30 CH, 200 CH e 1 MCH) n esl entesiml. Os trtmentos form relizdos em vsos em ondições de miente erto, e plição do medimento homeopátio plido semnlmente. Form determindos: mss d mtéri fres e se d prte ére e do sistem rdiulr, o omprimento médio ds plnts, o omprimento d mior folh e o diâmetro d riz. A plição de melhorou s ondições geris ds plnts em prtimente tods s vriáveis estudds qundo se ompr om um ontrole. As dinmizções 5 CH, 12 CH, 30 CH e 1 MCH form s que presentrm melhores resposts ns plnts. O ontrole e dinmizção 200 CH form os trtmentos que presentrm os resultdos mis negtivos. Os resultdos sugerem que o pode ser um lterntiv qundo utilizdo pr umentr produtividde e pr melhorr prêni dos produtos gríols omeriis om redução sustnil de insumos gríols. Plvrs-hve: Dinmizção, Rphnus stivus. Introdution The si priniple of the homeopthy, ording to Smuel Hhnemnn (1755 to 1843), is the use of dinmized solutions prepred from niml, vegetle or minerl sustnes, or sik tissues. For homeopthy, the disese or the unlne is seen s n energeti unlne nd not s the tion of the virus, teri nd others (Bonto, 2002). Homeopthi solution promotes the reestlishment of the plnts through improvement of their nturl defenses. The homeopthy use in griulture ws mde offiil s input in 1999 (Brsil, 1999). Now the homeopthi siene is eing used effiiently in the ontrol of plgues (Fzolin et l., 2000), diseses (Verm et l., 1969; Kumr, 1980; Khnn e Chndr, 1983), inrese of tive priniples in mediinl plnts (Crvlho 2001; Cstro, 2002), plnt detoxifition for metls s luminium (Roh et l., 2002; Moretti et l., 2002) nd opper (Almeid, 2002), inrese plnt growth rte nd produtivity (Cstro, 2002). This suggested the interest of verifying the ppliility of the homeopthi solution sulphur in some vriles of the rdish, for growth nd produtivity. At Sientirum. Agronomy Mringá, v. 25, no. 2, p , 2003

2 260 Bonto nd Silv Mteril nd methods The experiment ws onduted in the Didti nd Experimentl Grden of Deprtmento de Biologi d Universidde Estdul de Mringá, from Septemer 3 to Otoer 25, Otining the homeopthi solutions The min solutions were otined on entesiml sle from suitle phrmeutil lortory (Frmái Homeopáti João Viente Mrtins - Mringá -PR). Applition of the homeopthi solution The tretments onsisted of pplitions of 5 homeopthi dinmiztions of 5 CH, 12 CH, 30 CH, 200 CH nd 1 MCH) nd wter used s ontrol. The ws pplied in the proportion of twenty drops (1.5mL) per wter liter. Eh vse reeived 100mL of the solution every seven dys. Performne of the experiment Rdish seeds were sown diretly in 3-liter vses, reeiving, s sustrtum, soil, deomposed ovine mnure nd snd in the proportion of 3:2:1, respetively. Ferrlsols originting from the Didti nd Experimentl Grden were used. After one week, the plnts were thinned, leving just two plnts per vse. Solule fertilizers were not used during the experiment. The dt were olleted for 31 dys. The experiment ws rried out ording to doule-lind methodology, i.e. the experimenter nd the pplitor ignored the dinmiztion of the solution tht ws eing pplied. Sttistis The experimentl delinetion ws entirely in rndomized loks, with 4 repetitions. The tretments onsisted of 5 dinmiztions on hhnemnnin entesiml sle, in ddition to the ontrol. In the qulittive tests, the verges were ompred using the Sott-Knott test t 5% proility. As regrds the quntittive vriles, the models were hosen sed on the signifine of the regression oeffiients using the t test t 5% proility. Otining the dt Dt olletion ws mde every 7 dys. Evlutions were lwys mde in the sme fternoon period. Quntified vriles Length of the lrgest lef Evlution of lef length ws mde weekly. The mesures were tken strting from the eginning of the petiole to the lef pex. Plnt height Determintion of plnt height in eh phse ws mde mesuring the distne etween the se of the stem nd mximum plnt height. Fresh mtter of the shoot nd the root system The plnts olleted on the 31st dy fter eing sown hd their shoots nd root system highlighted, with the id of sissors, nd immeditely weighed on n nlyti sle. Dry mtter of the shoot nd the root system After the fresh mtter of the shoot nd the root system ws weighed, the mteril ws pled in kiln (70 C) t onstnt mss nd then weighed on n nlyti sle. Results nd disussion Effet of on lef length Averge lef length ws influened y the pplition of the homeopthi solution (Figure 1). The dinmiztions 5 CH, 12 CH, 30 CH nd 1 MCH showed longer verge lef length in reltion to dinmiztion 200 CH nd to the ontrol (wter). It ws oserved tht the plnts responded differently when severl dinmiztions of the sme solution were pplied. In severl situtions, the homeopthi solution lso inhiits lef growth (Cstro, 2002). It should e emphsized tht, strting from the dinmiztion 12 CH, ording to the Avogdro s Numer (6.02 x ), physil moleules of the solution do not exist, only energy (Shemri, 1992). Lef length (m) 3,5 3,0 2,5 1,5 Wter 5CH 12CH 30CH 200CH 1MCH Figure 1. Averge length of the lrgest lef of rdish plnts sumitted to different dinmiztions of. (Averges followed y the sme pitl letters on the r do not differ sttistilly for the Sott-Knott test t 5% proility) Effet of on plnt height Plnt height ws influened y different dinmiztions of the homeopthi solution, exept 7 nd 14 dys fter sowing (Tle 1). Three weeks fter sowing, it ws verified tht the tretments 5 CH, 12 CH, 30 CH nd 1 MCH presented height signifintly higher thn the ontrol At Sientirum. Agronomy Mringá, v. 25, no. 2, p , 2003

3 Effet of the homeopthi solution 261 nd the poteny 200 CH. This ehvior ws prtilly identil to tht oserved for lef length (Figure 1). The sme tendeny ourred for plnt height t 21 nd 28 dys nd in the generl verge (Tle 1). It ws oserved tht the growth ltertions refleted the lterntion of responses to the dinmiztions. Alterntion due to growing dinmiztions hs een verified in mny experiments (Dvens et l., 1988). In homeopthi siene, it is ommon to oserve the sme solution using very different effets in ordne with the dinmiztion, sometimes stimulting lot, other times stimulting very little. This hs een oserved in linil prtie from the time of Hhnemnn (Godoy, 1988; Cstro, 2002). Fzolin et l. (2000), for exmple, verified this when rrying out n experiment seeking the ontrol of Cerotom tingomrinus in ens. The homeopthi solution Ignti deresed the onsumption of en leves y Cerotom tingomrinus in the deiml dinmiztions D5 nd D15 nd inresed onsumption in the dinmiztions D9 nd D29. The sme phenomenon ws oserved using silver nitrte in the dinmiztions D24 nd D26, whih inresed the growth of whet seedlings, while the intermediry dinmiztion D25 depressed the growth of the seedlings (Pongrtz et l., 1998). This ehvior is still not explined y siene, ut it is elieved to e relted to existing rhythmi movements in nture, nd lso to the lw of similitude tht ours etween the pplied homeopthi solution nd the orgnism tht reeives it (Vithoulks, 1980; Godoy, 1988). Tle 1. Averge height (m) of rdish plnts sumitted to different dinmiztions of Time (dys) Wter 5CH 12CH 30CH 200CH 1MCH 7 0,55 A 0A 0,78 A 0,73 A 0,86 A 0,97 A 14 2,80 A 3,75 A 3,25 A 3,25 A 2,95 A 3,20 A 21 5,12 B 7,37 A 7,12 A 7,37 A 5,12 B 9,38 A 28 5,87 B 10 A 15 A 10 A 5,78 B 9,75 A Averges 3,39 B 5,53 A 5,35 A 5,51 A 3,68 B 5,58 A Averges followed y the sme pitl letters in the line do not differ sttistilly for the Sott-Knott test t 5% proility Aording to the regression equtions in Figure 2, the homeopthy demonstrted muh higher ngulr oeffiient vlues for the dinmiztions 5CH, 12 CH, 30 CH nd 1 MCH thn for the ontrol nd the dinmiztion 200 CH. This mens tht ll the dinmiztions (exept for 200 CH) determined inrese in the growth rte of the rdish plnts nd suggests, in this se, tht the homeopthy interferes positively, elerting plnt metolism. This ft ws lso oserved y Cstro (2002) in the pplition of Phosphorus in eets. Plnt height (m) (5 CH) y = 429x - 2,125 R 2 = 0,9894 (30CH) y = 561x - 2,645 R 2 = 0,9907 (1MCH) y = 503x - 2,305 R 2 = 0,9526 (12CH) y = 611x - 2,72 R 2 = 0,9936 (200CH) y = 414x - 0,55 R 2 = 0,9567 (Wter) y = 611x - 0,985 R 2 = 0, Time (dys) Figure 2. Regression of the height of rdish plnts sumitted to different dinmiztions of Effet of on root dimeter The pplition of the homeopthy in the dinmiztions 12 CH, 30 CH nd 1 MCH inresed the verge dimeter of the rdish roots signifintly in reltion to the ontrol nd the dinmiztions 200 CH nd 5 CH (Figure 3). The ehviour presented here ws similr to tht oserved for the first desried items. The verge root dimeter of the plnts treted with 12 CH, 30 CH nd 1 MCH ws pproximtely 3 times greter thn the ontrol. This result is of gret importne, euse the pplied homeopthy resulted in lrger roots, leding to higher produtivity nd higher ommeril vlue of the produt. Agin, it ws oserved tht different dinmiztions used different results. When there is similitude etween the homeopthi solution nd the orgnism, the vitl energy responds, opposing the energy of the medition to text of its own energy (Hmly, 1979). However, when there is no similitude etween the homeopthy nd the orgnism there n e disorder in the metoli system of the plnt, resulting in severl negtive growth nd development spets of the plnt. Root dimeter (m) 1,6 1,4 1,2 0,8 0,6 Wter 5CH 12CH 30CH 200CH 1MCH Figure 3. Root dimeter of treted rdish plnts with different dinmiztions of. (Averges followed y the sme pitl letters on the r do not differ sttistilly for the Sott-Knott test t 5% proility) At Sientirum. Agronomy Mringá, v. 25, no. 2, p , 2003

4 262 Bonto nd Silv Effet of on the mss of the fresh mtter of the shoot nd the root system Both the mss of the fresh mtter of the shoot nd the root system were influened signifintly y the different dinmiztions of (Figures 4 nd 5). The pplition of t poteny 5 CH resulted in lrge inrese in the prodution of the shoot fresh mtter, stnding out mong the other studied dinmiztions nd rriving t vlues pproximtely three times higher thn the ontrol nd the dinmiztion 200 CH (Figure 4). The potenies 12 CH, 30 CH nd 1 MCH lso inresed the mss of the shoot fresh mtter nd differed sttistilly from the ontrol nd the dinmiztion 200 CH. Fresh mss shoot (g) 1 1 9,0 8,0 7,0 6,0 5,0 3,0 Wter 5CH 12CH 30CH 200CH 1MCH Figure 4. Fresh mss of the shoot of treted rdish plnts with different dinmiztions of. (Averges followed y the sme pitl letters on the r do not differ sttistilly for the Sott-Knott test t 5% proility) Fresh mss root system (g) 6,0 Wter 5CH 12CH 30CH 200CH 1MCH Figure 5. Fresh mss of the root system of treted rdish plnts with different dinmiztions of. (Averges followed y the sme pitl letters on the r do not differ sttistilly for the Sott-Knott test t 5% proility) The pplition of, independent of the studied dinmiztion, resulted in lrge inrese in the fresh mtter mss of the root system, when ompred with the ontrol (Figure 5). The differene ws 10 to 20 times greter in reltionship to the ontrol. Cymopogon itrtus plnts treted with 30 CH presented redution in the mss of the shoot fresh mtter, differing sttistilly from the ontrol (Cstro, 2002). Effet of on the mss of the shoot dry mtter nd the root system The rdish plnts tht reeived t potenies 5 CH nd 12 CH presented lrger inrement in the mss of the mtter of the shoot (Figure 6), while the ontrol nd the other studied dinmiztions did not differ sttistilly from eh other. The plnts treted with 5 CH presented more thn twie the mss of the dry mtter of the shoot when ompred to the ontrol. Dry mss shoot (g/plnt) 1,2 0,8 0,6 Wter 5CH 12CH 30CH 200CH 1MCH Figure 6. Dry mss of the shoot of treted rdish plnts with different dinmiztions of. (Averges followed y the sme pitl letters on the r do not differ sttistilly for the Sott-Knott test t 5% proility) The prodution of dry mtter in the root system ws identil to tht oserved for the mss of the fresh mtter, i.e. ll the dinmiztions presented signifintly higher dry mss vlues of the root system (pproximtely three times higher) in reltionship to the ontrol (Figure 7). The vrile mss of the dry mtter should e preferred to the mss of the fresh mtter euse it is less sujet to environmentl ftor flututions. Dry mss root system (g/plnt) 0,3 0,3 0,1 0,1 Wter 5CH 12CH 30CH 200CH 1MCH Figure 7. Dry mss of the root system of treted rdish plnts with different dinmiztions of. (Averges followed y the sme pitl letters on the r do not differ sttistilly for the Sott-Knott test t 5% proility) At Sientirum. Agronomy Mringá, v. 25, no. 2, p , 2003

5 Effet of the homeopthi solution 263 It is interesting to note tht, even with the dversity of the ioti nd ioti ftors (the plnts grew outdoors), the homeopthy ws effiient nd improved the generl hrteristis of the plnts. Referenes ALMEIDA, M.A.Z. Respost do mnjerião (Oimum silium L) à plição de homeopti Viços. 2002, Dissertção (Mestrdo)- Universidde Federl de Viços, Viços, BONATO, C.M. Como funion homeopti. Conselho Regionl de Mediin Veterinári - CRMV PR. In: Agroflorests O To d produtividde, n. 5, Ano II, Out/Nov/Dez, BRASIL. Instrução normtiv nº07, de 17 de mio de Dispõe sore norms pr produção de produtos orgânios vegetis e nimis. Diário Ofiil [d Repúli Federtiv do Brsil], Brsíli, v.99, n.94, p , 19 mio Seção 1. CARVALHO, L. M. et l. Disponiilidde de águ, irrdiâni e homeopti no resimento e teor de prtenolídeo em rtemísi Tese (Doutordo em Fitoteni) - Universidde Federl de Viços, Viços, CASTRO, D. M. Preprções homeopátis sore o resimento de enour, eterr, pim-limão e hmá Tese (Doutordo em Fitoteni)- Universidde Federl de Viços, Viços, DAVENAS, E. et l. Humn sophil degrnultion triggered y very dilute ntiserum ginst IgE, London, v. 333, p , FAZOLIN, M. et l. Utilizção de medimentos homeopátios no ontrole de Cerotom tingomrinnus Behyné (Coleópter, Chrysomelide) em Rio rno, Are. ( pesquishomeopti/emrp.htm). Aesso em 28/04/00. GODOY, M. As potênis em homeopti: esl de dinmizções de frequenil sendente. Revist de Homeopti, São Pulo, v. 53, n.3, p , HAMLY, E. C. A rte de urr pel homeopti: o Orgnon de Smuel Hhnemnn. 1.ed. São Pulo: Prol, KHANNA, K.K.; CHANDRA, S. Control of fruit rot used y Fusrium roseum with homeopthi solutions. Indin Phytopthol., New Delhi, v.36, 1983, p KUMAR, R., S. Effet for ertin homeopthi mediines on fungl growth nd onidil germintion. Indin Phytopthol., New Delhi, v. 33, p , MORETTI, M.R. et l. Efeito de diferentes dinmizções homeopátis de AlCl 3 no omprimento d riz prinipl de plântuls de milho. In: XI ENCONTRO ANUAL DE INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA, 2002, Mringá PONGRATZ, W. et l. Highly diluted gitted silver nitrte nd whet seedling development: effet kinetis of proess of suessive phses. In: SCHULTE, J., ENDLER, P. C. (Ed.). Fundmentl reserh in ultr high dilution nd Homeopthy. Dordreht: Kluwer Ademi Pulishers: p ROCHA, M. et l. Efeito de Ultrdiluído sore respirção de Ápies Destdos de Ze mys (Milho). In: MOSTRA ACADÊMICA DE TRABALHOS DE AGRONOMIA, 6, 2002, Londrin. Anis... Londrin, UEL, p. 98. SCHEMBRI, J. Conheç Homeopti. Belo Horizonte: Ron Editor, VERMA, H.N. et l. Homeopthi nd phrmopeil solutions s inhiitors of to mosi virus. Indin Phytopthol., New Delhi, v. 22, p , VITHOULKAS, G. Homeopti: iêni e ur. São Pulo: Cultrix, Reeived on April 08, Aepted on August 22, At Sientirum. Agronomy Mringá, v. 25, no. 2, p , 2003