Stalk yield of sugarcane cultivars under different water regimes by subsurface drip irrigation

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1 ISSN Revist rsileir de Engenhri gríol e mientl v.2 n.3 p mpin Grnde P UE/UFG DOI: Stlk yield of sugrne ultivrs under different wter regimes y susurfe drip irrigtion derson S. de ndrde Junior Edson. stos Vldenir Q. Rieiro ndido thyde Sorinho & Pulo H. S. d Silv Emrp Meio-Norte. Teresin PI. E-mil: derson.ndrde@emrp.r (orresponding uthor); edson.stos@emrp.r; vldenir.queiroz@emrp.r; ndido.thyde@emrp.r; pulo.sores-silv@emrp.r Key words: Shrum offiinrum L. irrigtion mngement drip irrigtion ultivr seletion S T R T This study imed to evlute the stlk yield of ten sugrne ultivrs (R R93 R9353 R987 R92579 R86755 R86329 SP79 R72545 nd VT922) sujeted to wter defiit full irrigtion nd wter surplus y susurfe drip irrigtion during three ropping sesons (2-24). The experiment ws onduted t the Experimentl Field of Emrp Meio-Norte Teresin Piuí Stte rzil in dystrophi Red Yellow rgisol. The ultivrs R (62.3 Mg h - ) nd R86755 (58.5 Mg h - ) hve etter stlk yield ompred with other ultivrs in ll wter regimes nd ropping sesons. Plvrs-hve: Shrum offiinrum L. mnejo de irrigção fertirrigção seleção de ultivres Produtividde de olmos de ultivres de n-de-çúr sumetids diferentes regimes hídrios por gotejmento susuperfiil R E S U M O Ojetivou-se neste estudo vlir produtividde de olmos de dez ultivres de nde-çúr (R R 93 R9353 R987 R92579 R86755 R86329 SP79 R72454 e VT922) sumetid os regimes hídrios de defiiêni irrigção plen e exedente hídrio por gotejmento susuperfiil durnte três ilos de ultivo (2-24). O ensio foi onduzido no mpo Experimentl d Emrp Meio-Norte Teresin PI em rgissolo Vermelho-mrelo Distrófio. s ultivres R (623 Mg h - ) e R86755 (585 Mg h - ) presentm melhor produtividde de olmos em omprção às demis ultivres em todos os regimes hídrios e ilos de ultivo. Ref Reeived 4 pr 26 epted 25 Nov 26 Pulished 6 Fe 27

2 7 derson S. de ndrde Junior et l. Introdution In the Northest region sugrne griusiness is lredy well onsolidted in the sttes of lgos Prí nd Pernmuo. However the rop hs oupied res in non-trditionl regions espeilly in the sttes of Tontins Mrnhão nd Piuí due to their hrteristis of soil topogrphy limte (solr rdition) nd fvorle logisti onditions of exporttion (MP 26). However these potentil res re situted in regions with semi-rid to dry su-humid limte with irregulr rinfll (8 to 2 mm per yer) (stos & ndrde Júnior 24) nd tht do not meet the wter demnd of the rop during its yle requiring the use of irrigtion to hieve stisftory yield levels. mong the pressurized irrigtion methods used in sugrne ultivtion sprinkler irrigtion nd the lolized methods stnd out suh s susurfe drip irrigtion (SDI). In the Northest region SDI hs een widely used euse of the greter dpttion to the hrteristis of the sugrne ultivtion (Ferreir Júnior et l. 24) nd etter wter pplition effiieny (Gil et l. 28). Studies onduted in different prodution environments hve demonstrted inrement in the stlk yield of sugrne genotypes in response to irrigtion (rvlho et l. 29; Gv et l. 2; Oliveir et l. 2; Mêdo et l. 22; Silv et l. 24). However for the genotype-environment intertion it is ruil to ondut tests iming t the expression of the produtive potentil of the sugrne ultivrs in different wter regimes nd prodution environments (Silv et l. 28). Thus this study imed to evlute the stlk yield of ten sugrne ultivrs sujeted to different wter regimes y susurfe drip irrigtion under the edpholimti onditions of Teresin-PI rzil during three ropping sesons. Mteril nd Methods The experiments were rried out t the Experimentl Field of Emrp Meio-Norte in Teresin-PI rzil (5 5 S; W nd ltitude of 74.4 m). The soil of the re is lssified s dystrophi Red Yellow rgisol (Melo et l. 24) nd its hemil nd physio-hydruli hrteristis (Dongem et l. 2) re presented in Tle. The lol limte is dry su-humid megtherml with moderte wter surplus in the summer nd 32.2% of the potentil evpotrnspirtion onentrted from Septemer through Novemer. The extrt of the limtologil wter lne (histori series from 98 to 23) reords n 8-month period of wter defiit extending from My to Deemer (stos & ndrde Júnior 24). The genotypes were evluted during three rop yles (plnt ne st rtoon nd 2 nd rtoon) during the ropping sesons of 2/22 22/23 nd 23/24 (Tle 2). Ten genotypes were evluted (R R 93 R9353 R987 R92579 R86755 R86329 SP79 R72454 nd VT922) sujeted to three wter regimes (WRs) during the stge of full development of the rop: wter defiit (WD) full irrigtion (FI) nd wter surplus (WS). The terms WD FI nd WS refer to the prtil full nd exess meeting of the sugrne wter demnd in the stge of full development euse the rop oeffiient reommended in this phse y FO is equl to. (Silv et l. 22). The WRs were imposed with the pplition of different irrigtion depths sed on the referene evpotrnspirtion (ETo): WD - replement of 5% ETo FI - replement of % ETo nd WS - replement of 5% ETo. The different WRs were lwys pplied on Mondys Wednesdy nd Fridys repling the ETo umulted in the period etween two onseutive irrigtions. efore nd fter the period of imposition of the different WRs (DWR) uniform irrigtion depth equivlent to % ETo ws pplied in ll tretments. During the riny seson irrigtions were pplied only when soil wter storge rehed 5% of ville wter pity (W). Irrigtion ws suspended 3 dys efore hrvest. The referene evpotrnspirtion (ETo) ws lulted through the Penmn- Monteith method (llen et l. 998) with dily dt of ir temperture reltive ir humidity wind speed nd glol solr Tle. hemil nd physio-hydruli hrteriztion of the soil of the experimentl re Prmeter Depth (m) hemil prmeters OM (g kg - ) ph H 2O P (mg dm -3 ) H+l (mol dm -3 ) l (mol dm -3 ) (mol dm -3 ) Mg (mol dm -3 ) K (mol dm -3 ) E (mol dm -3 ) V (%) m (%) Physio-hydruli prmeters Density (Mg m -3 ) Snd (g kg - ) Silt (g kg - ) ly (g kg - ) Өf (m 3 m -3 ) Өpwp (m 3 m -3 ) W (mm) EW (mm) Texture Sndy lom Sndy lom Sndy ly lom Moisture t field pity mesured t - kp 2 Moisture t permnent wilting point mesured t -5 kp 3 W ville wter pity 4 Esily ville wter (5% of W) Tle 2. Dtes of eginning nd end of plnting/emergene pplition of the different wter regimes hrvest nd totl rop yle in eh ropping seson yle (d) numer of dys etween the end of plnting/emergene nd the end of hrvest R. rs. Eng. grí. mientl v.2 n.3 p

3 Stlk yield of sugrne ultivrs under different wter regimes y susurfe drip irrigtion 7 rdition otined y n utomti grometeorologil sttion lose to the experiment. susurfe drip irrigtion system ws used with polyethylene drip lines nd emitters with nominl flow rte of 2 L h - sped y.5 m. The lterls were sped y 2 m nd uried t depth of.25 m. Eh drip line ws uried in the enter of two sugrne rows sped y.5 m. Wter meters were instlled to ontrol nd mesure the wter volume pplied in eh regime. The dopted experimentl design ws rndomized loks with four replites nd tretments rrnged in split plots (WRs in the plots nd ultivrs in the suplots). The plots onsisted of one -m-long doule row of eh ultivr. The evluted re of the plot omprehended the sme m in the entrl length of the plot. Soil tillge onsisted of one plowing nd two ross hrrowings. Two months efore plnting soil liming ws performed through the pplition of Mg h - of dolomiti limestone. Plnting ws mnully performed. The seedstlks were ut mintining three uds per set whih were distriuted in the plnting furrows to hieve 5 uds m -. The fertilizers (mro- nd mironutrients) in the three rop yles were pplied totlly through fertigtion with weekly frequeny for mronutrients nd monthly frequeny for mironutrients sed on the following reommendtion: 2 kg h of N (ure) 2 kg h of P 2 O 5 (MP) kg h of K 2 O (potssium hloride) nd formultion of mironutrients omposed of 6.5 kg h - of ori id 7 kg h - of zin oxide 6 kg h - of opper oxide kg h - of mngnese oxide nd kg h - of sodium molydte (ndrde Júnior et l. 22). t hrvest the stlks of the evluted re of eh experimentl plot were weighed using PR3 3 dynmometer with preision of 5 g to determine stlk yield (tons of ne per hetre - TH in Mg h ). The dily reords of totl rinfll were otined from n utomti grometeorologil sttion lose to the experiment. The effetive rinfll ws estimted y the methodology of the Soil onservtion Servie of the United Sttes (USD) ville in the softwre ropwt v. 8. (FO 29). Stlk yield dt were sujeted to the joint nlysis of vrine nd ompred y the Sott-Knott test t.5 proility level. The joint nlysis of the dt is possile euse the reltionship etween the highest nd lowest residul men squres of the individul tests ws not higher thn seven (Gomes 2). Results nd Disussion The totl rinflls (P) were equl to mm (2-22) 66.9 mm (22-23) nd 43.7 mm (23-24). Sine there ws not n entuted vrition in the numer of riny dys (NRD) in the three ropping sesons (from 98 to 7 dys) the rinfll effiieny (Ef) ws very similr with vlues of 58.5% (2-22) 56.4% (22-23) nd 5.8% (23-24) (Figure ). In the ropping seson of 2-22 during the period of imposition of the different wter regimes (DWRs) there ws n effetive rinfll (Pef) of 87.8 mm whih prtiulrly dmged the pplition of the wter defiit (WD) regime for the evluted vrieties. In the Rinfll (mm) Jun-2 Jul-9 Jul-9 Jul-2 ug-9 ug-9 ug-2 Sept-9 Sept-9 Sept-2 Ot-9 Ot-9 Ot-2 Nov-9 Nov-9 Nov-2 De-9 De-9 De-2 Jn-9 Period of pplition of the different wter regimes (DWR) etween dotted lines; P totl rinfll; Pef effetive rinfll; Pef* effetive rinfll during the pplition of the DWR; Ef rinfll effiieny; NRD numer of riny dys Figure. Dily rinfll reorded during the three rop yles st nd 2 nd rtoons the effetive rinfll ontriuted eqully to the expression of the produtive potentil nd iometry of the evluted ultivrs nd the prole deteted differenes were due to the greter ontriution of the irrigtion pplied notly in the period prior to the riny seson. The totl wter depth (TWD) (effetive rinfll + irrigtion) in the evluted WRs did not vry in n entuted wy in the three ropping sesons (Tle 3). In the WD regime the totl wter depth pplied osillted from 56.5 mm (23-24) to mm (2-22) while in the WS regime this osilltion ws from 462. mm (2-22) to 579. mm (22-23) (Tle 3). In perent terms the men TWD pplied in the WS regime (5 mm) ws only 24.4% higher thn tht pplied in the WD regime (23.7 mm). These TWD vlues were lower thn those reommended for 2-month-old sugrne (5 to 2 mm) (Silv et l. 24) reflex of the etter wter pplition effiieny of the susurfe drip irrigtion (Oliveir et l. 2). On the other hnd the TWD pplied during the period of DWR imposition vried sustntilly etween the WRs pplied Jn-2 Jn-9 Fe-9 Fe-2 Fe-9 Mr-9 Mr-2 Mr-9 pr-9 pr-2 pr-9 My-9 My-2 My-9 Jun-9 Jun-2 Jun-9 Jul-9 R. rs. Eng. grí. mientl v.2 n.3 p

4 72 derson S. de ndrde Junior et l. Tle 3. Irrigtion depths (ID) pplied in response to the imposed wter regimes (WR) nd effetive rinfll (Pef) reorded during the ultivtion yle of the sugrne ultivrs in the three ropping sesons (2-24) DWR different wter regimes; Pef effetive rinfll; I irrigtion; WR wter regime; WD wter defiit; FI full irrigtion; WS wter surplus in the three ropping sesons. In 2-22 the ontriution of irrigtion to the TWD pplied in the three WRs ws lower thn those in the other ropping sesons due to the greter ontriution of Pef (87.8 mm) whih prtiulrly dmged the imposition of the WR regime. euse of tht the lowest irrigtion depths were reorded in this ropping seson whih vried from 38.7 mm (WD) to mm (WS). However in nd the ontriution of Pef ws very smll (9. mm) whih inresed the ontriution of the irrigtion depth (ID) in ll WRs (Figure ). The vlues of ID in were higher thn those in due to the superiority of the dily ETo (6. mm) nd the longer period of DWR imposition (87 dys) (Tle 2). In the period fter DWR pplition the ID pplied in ws 33. mm superior to those pplied in 2-22 (84.3 mm) nd (7.6 mm) preisely to omplement the greter ETo Pef differene of mm ourred in this period (Figure ). In ddition the rinfll onentrted in only 98 dys with n effetivity of 56.4% (Figure ). This omined effet of the vrition of Pef nd ID espeilly during DWR pplition promoted high osilltion in soil wter storge etween the WRs ffeting the expression of the produtive potentil of the evluted ultivrs. The joint nlysis of the TH dt reveled tht there ws no signifint intertion (p >.5) etween the periods wter regimes nd ultivrs inditing tht the internnul vriility of the imposed WRs ws not le to promote ltertion in the produtive performne of the evluted ultivrs (Gv et l. 2; Oliveir et l. 2). The TH of the ultivrs showed signifint intertion (p <.5) of periods versus wter regimes (Figure 2) periods versus ultivrs (Figure 2) nd wter regimes versus ultivrs (Figure 2) reflex of the different pplition of the WRs in eh ropping seson. For ll ultivrs the mens of TH in the ropping seson of 2-22 were superior to those of nd onsequene of the etter wter vilility in the soil in this seson espeilly due to the ourrene of rinflls tht totled 87.8 mm during the period of DWR imposition (Figure ). On the other hnd in the ropping seson of the mens of TH were lower euse of the strong wter restrition in the soil prtiulrly under WD nd FI regimes during the period of DWR imposition (Figure 2). The men vlues of TH under the wter regimes of FI (42.5 Mg h - ) nd WS (54.9 Mg h - ) were higher thn those of Stlk yield (Mg h - ) WS FI WD R R93 R9353 R987 WS FI WD R92579 Mens followed y the sme letter lowerse for the sme ultivr nd upperse etween ultivrs do not differ y Sott-Knott test t.5 proility level Figure 2. Stlk yield (TH) of the evluted ultivrs in response to the wter regimes (WR) in the three rop yles. () intertion WR versus PP; () intertion PP versus ; () intertion WR versus. PP: Plnting period; : ultivr; WD: wter defiit FI: full irrigtion WS: wter surplus R86755 R86329 SP79 R72454 VT922 R. rs. Eng. grí. mientl v.2 n.3 p

5 Stlk yield of sugrne ultivrs under different wter regimes y susurfe drip irrigtion 73 WD (25. Mg h - ) in ll rop yles evluted (Figure 2) reinforing the importne of dequte wter supplementtion to sugrne to hieve high stlk yields (Silv et l. 24). The ultivrs with est performnes were R86755 (2.9 Mg h - ) nd R93 (2. Mg h - ) whih produed 24.7 nd 8.2% more stlks in omprison to the men yield of the experiment in 2-22 (69.2 Mg h - ). However in the most ritil ropping seson with respet to the wter vilility in the soil the ultivr R (55.6 Mg h - ) produed 33.7 nd.5% more stlks thn the men TH of (6.3 Mg h - ) nd the overll men of the experiment (4.8 Mg h - ) (Figure 2). The ultivrs VT922 R92579 nd R72454 form group with intermedite ehvior regrding stlk prodution with men TH of three rop yles of nd 45.5 Mg h - respetively whih re nd 3.3% higher thn the overll men of TH of the experiment (Figure 2). Oliveir et l. (2) lso found superior performne of TH for the ultivrs R92579 (255.6 Mg h - ) nd R72454 (9.6 Mg h - ) in ultivtion under onventionl ig gun sprinkler irrigtion (totl wter depth of mm) plnt-ne yle nd full irrigtion under the onditions of soil (dystrophi Yellow rgisol) nd limte (riny tropil) of rpin-pe. On the other hnd the ultivrs SP79 (22.2 Mg h - ) R86329 (25.9 Mg h - ) R9353 (26. Mg h - ) nd R987 (29. Mg h - ) showed the lowest performne regrding stlk prodution nd the TH vlues were nd 8.3% lower in reltion to the overll men of the experiment (4.8 Mg h - ) respetively (Figure 2). The overll performne of these ultivrs ws sustntilly ffeted y the low yields in TH under the ondition of wter defiit in the soil. Lower performnes in TH for the ultivrs SP79 (55. Mg h - ) nd R86329 (8.5 Mg h - ) were lso reported y Oliveir et l. (2) in ultivtion irrigted y onventionl ig gun sprinklers (totl wter depth of mm) plnt-ne yle under the onditions of soil (dystrophi Yellow rgisol) nd limte (riny tropil) of rpin-pe. The vlues of TH of these ultivrs were superior to those of the present study euse they were not sujeted to periods of wter defiit in the soil. The ultivrs R (62.3 Mg h - ) nd R86755 (58.5 Mg h - ) showed higher produtive performne in reltion to the others in ll ropping sesons nd WRs evluted (Figures 2 nd 2). Under onditions of oth low nd high wter vilility in the soil the ultivrs R86755 (56.7 Mg h - under WD nd 75.6 Mg h - under WS) nd R (4.7 Mg h - under WD nd 74. Mg h - under WS) showed similr produtive ehvior (Figure 2) whih is desirle hrteristi onsidering the high rinfll instility of the Northest region. Silv et l. (24) lso otined superior performne in terms of TH for the ultivr R86755 in the yles of plnt ne (4.9 Mg h - ) nd st rtoon (8.8 Mg h - ) under susurfe drip irrigtion (totl wter depths of 88 mm in plnt ne nd 74 mm in st rtoon) under the onditions of soil (eutrophi Red Ltosol) nd limte of Jú-SP. On the other hnd the ultivrs R9353 (3.7 Mg h - ) SP79 (7.3 Mg h - ) R93 (.7 Mg h - ) nd R987 (.4 Mg h - ) should not e reommended for ultivtion in the region of Teresin-PI euse of the low pity of stlk prodution notly under the ondition of redued wter vilility in the soil. Sugrne plnts sujeted to wter defiit exhiited redued dytime O 2 ssimiltion due to the derese in stomtl ondutne (diffusive ftor) redution in the tivity of PEPse nd RuisO (iohemil ftors) nd lower photohemil tivity (Mhdo et l. 23) with negtive effets on stlk prodution. Inrements in stlk yield under regimes of FI nd WS n e ttriuted to the dequte wter vilility during the growth period whih promotes greter vilility of nutrients to the sugrne root system (Oliveir et l. 2). Under this ondition there is n inrese in tillering nd elongtion of the stlks due to the lrge trnsport of rohydrtes from the roots to the shoots (Inmn-mer & Smith 25; Singh et l. 27). onlusion The ultivrs R (62.3 Mg h - ) nd R86755 (58.5 Mg h - ) showed etter performne of stlk yield in omprison to the others in ll wter regimes in the three ropping sesons. Literture ited llen R. G.; Pereir L. S.; Res D.; Smith M. rop evpotrnspirtion: Guidelines for omputing rop wter requirements. Rome: FO p. Irrigtion nd Dringe Pper 56. ndrde Júnior. S.; stos E..; Rieiro V. Q.; Durte J.. L.; rg D. L.; Noleto D. H. Níveis de águ nitrogênio e potássio por gotejmento susuperfiil em n-de-çúr. Pesquis gropeuári rsileir v.47 p org/.59/s-24x22 stos E..; ndrde Júnior. S. oletim grometeorológio de 23 pr o muniípio de Teresin Piuí. Teresin: Emrp Meio-Norte p. Doumentos 228 rvlho. M. de; zevedo H. M. de; Dnts Neto J.; Fris. H. de.; Silv. T. S.; Gomes Filho R. R. Rendimento de çúr e álool d n-de-çúr sumetid diferentes níveis de irrigção. Revist rsileir de iênis gráris v.4 p Dongem G. K.; mpos D. V..; lderno S..; Teixeir W. G.; Vin J. H. M. Mnul de métodos de nálise de solos. Rio de Jneiro: Emrp Solos 2. 23p. FO - Food nd griulture Orgniztion of the United Ntions. ropwt 8.. Rome: FO 29. < infores_dtses_ ropwt.html>. 5 Jul. 22. Ferreir Júnior R..; Souz J. L.; Esoedo J. F.; Teodoro I.; Lyr G..; rújo Neto R.. n-de-çúr om irrigção por gotejmento em dois espçmentos entrelinhs de plntio. Revist rsileir de Engenhri gríol e mientl v.8 p v8n8p Gv G. J..; Silv M..; Silv R.. Jerônimo E. M.; ruz J.. S.; Kölln O. T. Produtividde de três ultivres de n-de-çúr so mnejos de sequeiro e irrigdo por gotejmento. Revist rsileir de Engenhri gríol e mientl v.5 p R. rs. 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