1 INTEGRATION OF WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY MODELS FOR ASSESSMENT OF WATERSHED CONTAMINANT LOADS INTO TRIBUTARIES OF PARANOA LAKE

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1 Add your company slogan 1 INTEGRATION OF WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY MODELS FOR ASSESSMENT OF WATERSHED CONTAMINANT LOADS INTO TRIBUTARIES OF PARANOA LAKE Diana Jimena Monsalve Herrera Conceição de Maria Albuquerque Alves Ricardo Tezini Minoti Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos LOGO

2 Introduction Riacho Fundo sub-basin Água DF Increasing Population Pollution Land use and occupation Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

3 Introduction Echevarria, 2007 Menezes, 2010 CODEPLAN, 2011 Physicochemical studies Geochemical Sediments Quality problems caused for: Increase in urbanization Sewage discharge and nutrient loads Evolution of land use and occupation-df % intensive use urban and agriculture areas Consequences: Increased runoff Hydrological cycle modified Average annual growth rate of population DF 2.3% ( ) Rate Riacho Fundo: ( ) Riacho Fundo II: 11.41% Aguas Claras: 14.12%

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6 Introduction Add your company slogan General objective Assess the availability and quality of water in the Riacho Fundo subbasin using the integration of SWAT and WEAP models to support the decision making, planning and management of water resources in the Federal District. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos LOGO

7 Objectives. To model hydrological processes and nutrient loads in watersheds with predominant use of urban land using the SWAT model. Specific Objectives To evaluate the use of WEAP as a decision support system to water resources management in the DF To integrate SWAT and WEAP models for the simulation of water quantity and quality scenarios in the Riacho Fundo watershed. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

8 Objectives Generate information related to the availability and quality of water in the study area from different scenarios based on land use changes, demand increase and different wate water treatment efficiencies of the Riacho Fundo WWTP Specific Objectives Evaluate the contaminant loads from Riacho Fundo basin into the Paranoá lake. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

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10 Simulation Analysis Tool for IWRM. Use node and link network to represent the WR system Demand priorities and Water availability Future scenarios: Availability Quality Demands Others

11 Allows the modeling of physical processes associated with the movement of water, sediment, vegetation growth cycle, nutrients, etc.. information: climatic conditions; soil properties; topography, vegetation; conditions and management practices in the basin (Neitsch, et al., 2002). HRU

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13 Methodology Point Pollution NPS Pollution Hydrology Manual Calibration SWAT results Quality Module Future Scenarios Quantity and allocation module Water (quality and availability) P&M

14 Obtenção e processamento de dados para o SWAT Manual Calibration Simulation of land use changes scenarios Insertion of climate data INMET: Data precipitation: Riacho Fundo WWTP Sensitivity analysis Urban Area 1: Urban Low-density (URLD) Urban Area 2:Urban Average density (URMD) Urban Area 3: Urban High density (URHD) Land Use HRU Simulation Selection of the number of sub-basins and definition of slope Definition of the direction of outgoing and incoming flow Data- soil types DEM DF- Riacho Fundo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

15 Scenarios Scenario 1: change of use of agricultural land to urban land uses of high urban density. SWAT Scenario 2: change of uses of urban low-density land for urban high density land. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

16 Current Account: represents the current conditions of Hydric system. Integration of SWAT and WEAP Reference Scenario: inherits the characteristics of the current scenario and has similar evolutions the current system without intervention. Future scenarios: They are created to answer the question "what if?". The Reference Scenario is altered Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

17 Population consumption per capita Daily capacity Consumption (%) Average annual growth rate of population p Consumption Total Nitrogen Removal Priority Total Phosphorus Removal

18 SCENARIOS Water Quantity Analysis Future Scenarios Scenario 1 weap Scenario 2 weap Increase in the rate of population growth of 4.6% for the localities of Vicente Pires and Riacho Fundo II Increase in the rate of population growth of 4.6% for the localities of Águas Claras, Núcleo Bandeirante e Candangolândia.

19 Scenarios Water Quality Analysis Scenario 1 weap Changes River flow and quality Data used from SWAT River flow and quality of Scenario 1 of SWAT. Scenario 2 weap River flow and quality River flow and quality of Scenario 2 of SWAT. Efficiency of WWTP Without WWTP 20% increase in Total Nitrogen removal- Riacho Fundo WWTP Streamflow values and quality introduced in the Reference Scenario, Scenario 1 and 2.

20 SCENÁRIOS Water Quality Scenarios Assessment Efficiency of WWTP Without WWTP SCENARIO 2 weap SCENARIO 1 weap Lamparelli, 2003: Limits: Trophic Classification (SP) CONAMA 357/05:

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22 Mrz 88 Mai 88 Jul 88 Sep 88 Nov 88 Jan 89 Mrz 89 Mai 89 Jul 89 Sep 89 Nov 89 Jan 90 Mrz 90 Mai 90 Jul 90 Sep 90 Nov 90 Jan 91 Mrz 91 Mai 91 Jul 91 Sep 91 Nov 91 Jan 92 Mrz 92 Mai 92 Jul 92 Sep 92 Nov 92 Jan 93 Mrz 93 Mai 93 Jul 93 Sep 93 Nov 93 21,000 18,000 15,000 12,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 0,000 Best streamflow calibration ( ) Q observada Q simulada Data Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos Vazão (m³/s)

23 Jan 94 Feb 94 Mrz 94 Apr 94 Mai 94 Jun 94 Jul 94 Aug 94 Sep 94 Okt 94 Nov 94 Dez 94 Jan 95 Feb 95 Mrz 95 Apr 95 Mai 95 Jun 95 Jul 95 Aug 95 Sep 95 Okt 95 Nov 95 Dez 95 Jan 96 Feb 96 Mrz 96 Apr 96 Mai 96 Jun 96 Jul 96 Aug 96 Sep 96 Okt 96 Nov 96 Dez 96 20,00 16,00 12,00 8,00 4,00 0,00 Validation ( ) Q observada Q simulada Data Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos Vazão (m³/s)

24 Stage Statistics Value Calibration Classification Moriasi et al., 2007 NSE 0.73 Good PBIAS % Satisfactory RSR 0.51 Good Q simulada (m³/s) Q simulada Linha de tendência y = x R² = ,000 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 Q observada (m³/s) Validation NSE Satisfactory PBIAS % Good Q simulada (m³/s) Q simulada Linha de Tendência y = x R² = ,00 5,00 10,00 15,00 Q observada (m³/s) RSR 0.62 Satisfactory

25 Best Calibration of Total Phosphorus and Total Nitrogen Calibration PT: Calibration NT: P total (Kg/mês) Jan 04 Apr 04 Jul 04 Okt 04 Jan 05 Apr 05 Jul 05 Okt 05 Jan 06 Apr 06 Jul 06 Okt 06 Jan 07 Apr 07 Jul 07 Okt 07 Jan 08 Apr 08 Jul 08 Okt 08 Data P total obs P total sim P total obs P total sim P total (Kg/mês) Jan 09 Feb 09 Mrz 09 Apr 09 Mai 09 Jun 09 Jul 09 Aug 09 Sep 09 Okt 09 Nov 09 Dez 09 Jan 10 Feb 10 Mrz 10 Apr 10 Jan 04 Mai 04 Sep 04 Jan 05 Mai 05 Sep 05 Jan 06 Mai 06 Sep 06 Jan 07 Mai 07 Sep 07 Jan 08 Mai 08 Sep 08 N total (Kg/mês) Data N total obs N total simu Validation PT: Validation NT: Data Jan 09 Feb 09 Mrz 09 Apr 09 Mai 09 Jun 09 Jul 09 Aug 09 Sep 09 Okt 09 Nov 09 Dez 09 Jan 10 Feb 10 Mrz 10 Apr 10 N total (Kg/mês) Data N total obs N total sim

26 Scenarios SWAT Vazões (m³/s) Comparação de cenários -ano 1988 Q original Cenario1 Cenario Meses Vazões (m³/s) Comparação de cenários- Ano Comparação de cenários-ano Meses Q original Cenario1 Cenario2 Vazão (m³/s) Q original Cenario1 Cenario Meses Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

27 Scenarios SWAT Carga Fosforo Total (Kg/mês) Cenários para Fósforo Total-ano Meses Cenario2 CENARIO1 PT_original Carga Fosforo Total (Kg/mês) Cenários para Fósforo Total-ano Meses Cenario2 CENARIO1 PT_original Carga Fosforo Total (Kg/mês)) Cenários para Fósforo Total- ano Meses Cenario2 CENARIO1 PT_original Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

28 Scenarios SWAT Carga Nitrogênio Total (Kg/mês) Cenarios para Nitrogênio Total-ano Meses Cenario2 Cenario1 NT_original Carga Nitrogênio Total (Kg/mês) Cenarios para Nitrogênio Total-ano Meses Cenario2 Cenario1 NT_origina Carga Nitrogênio Total (Kg/mês) Cenarios para Nitrogênio Total-ano Meses Cenario2 Cenario1 NT_original Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

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34 Nutrient Maximum value Node WWTP (mg/l) Value in the outlet basin Scenario NT PT

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37 The integration of SWAT and WEAP provides good results in the case of simulation of water quality. Since the WEAP can not simulate diffuse pollution, SWAT is a very useful model that provides this kind of results in a detailed way, and it consider all the features of the basin as land use, management, soil type, among others. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

38 Integration of models depends on the level of detail of the study SWAT provides very detailed simulations of hydrology and quality The integration SWAT-WEAP needs a defined approach to establish a link between changes in land use in SWAT and the rate of population growth in the demand nodes in WEAP Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

39 The WWTP node (WEAP) showed the highest concentrations especially for the Nitrogen, but the contribution of the tributaries helped on the reduction of the concentrations along the Riacho Fundo River. The presence of phosphorus was mainly affected by the sediment loads from the watershed. The final concentration at the outlet of the basin approached the regulated limit defined by the CONAMA Resolution 357/05, showing the vulnerability of the lake. The NT and PT values in sub-basin outlet classified the water source as meso-eutrophic, representing intermediate levels of productivity Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

40 The scenario without release of treated sewage from the WWTP Riacho Fundo, showed good results in improving the quality of the river The scenario increasing the NT removal efficiency of the WWTP Riacho Fundo reported significant improvement in the water quality of the River Riacho Fundo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

41 Acknowledgements Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos

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43 Best Calibration of Total Phosphorus Add your company slogan Stage Statistics Value Classification ( Moriasi et al., 2007 ) NSE unsatisfactory Calibração Verificação PBIAS % unsatisfactory RSR 2.10 unsatisfactory NSE unsatisfactory PBIAS % unsatisfactory RSR 2.88 unsatisfactory Low efficiency in the simulation Overestimation of simulated loads High dispersion of data. Best Calibration of Total Nitrogen Stage Statistics Value Classification ( Moriasi et al., 2007 ) NSE 0.45 unsatisfactory PBIAS % Very Godd RSR 0.73 unsatisfactory NSE unsatisfactory PBIAS % Very Good Calibração Verificação RSR 1.36 unsatisfactory Low efficiency in the simulation Underestimation of simulated loads High dispersion of data Better results than the PT. LOGO

44 Add your company slogan Based on the results obtained from WEAP about Descoberto Lake, it was observed that the reservoir has the capacity to supply the towns that currently make use of this water. Decreased storage Vulnerability of Lake Important!! take care of water sources Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia Ambiental e Recursos Hídricos LOGO