Is the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner Clibanornis rectirostris (Wied, 1831)

Transcrição

1 Is the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner Clibanornis rectirostris (Wied, 1831) ISSN (Passeriformes: Furnariidae) a typical gallery forest species endemic to the Cerrado region? Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos 1,2, Luiz Gabriel Mazzoni 2, Alyne Perillo 2, Thiago Oliveira e Almeida 3, Filipe Cristovão Ribeiro da Cunha 4, Christian Regis da Silva 5, Eduardo José Gazzinelli 6 & Santos D Angelo Neto 7 The Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner (Clibanornis rectirostris) is considered an endemic species of the Cerrado region, having a strong association with gallery forests occurring in this morphoclimatic domain (Silva 1995, Betini et al. 1998, Silva & Vielliard 2000, Faria et al. 2012). Despite the finding of Marini (2001) that the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner is not sensitive to forest fragmentation and probably has the capacity to cross unfavorable landscape matrices, recent studies have suggested the species vulnerability based on its dependence on the highly impacted gallery forests (Faria et al. 2012). Furthermore, future range loss and shifts are expected due climate change (Marini et al. 2009). Here, we present records of C. rectirostris in habitats not represented by gallery forests of the Cerrado, including the first observations in the Atlantic Forest region. We also comment on the species conservation based on these new records. Our records were made opportunistically while conducting several avifaunal surveys in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo, between the years of 2001 and Whenever possible, records were documented by photographs, recordings of vocalizations and specimen collecting. Vocalizations were deposited in the Arquivo Sonoro Elias Coelho (ASEC), Rio de Janeiro, and in the online database Xeno-canto 40 Figure 1. General aspect of two areas of arboreal caatinga where the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner was recorded at Riacho dos Machados, Minas Gerais. Photos: Thiago Oliveira e Almeida. Atualidades Ornitológicas, 185, maio e junho de

2 / ; and SISBio permanent permit number ). Records in other habitats not represented by gallery forests in the Cerrado region Figure 2. Specimens of Clibanornis rectirostris deposited in the Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, from the following municipalities, from left to right: Riacho dos Machados (MCNA-2753, 3583, 3584, 3587); Rifaina (MCNA-4230); Belo Horizonte (MCNA-2441); Almenara (MCNA-1550, 1551). Photo: Letícia Ferreira Pedroso. Arboreal caatinga In January and July 2013, during an avifaunal survey conducted at Riacho dos Machados municipality, northern Minas Gerais, in a transitional zone between the Caatinga and the Cerrado, MFV, TOA and CRS found C. rectirostris in typical dry arboreal caatinga, without any watercourse or gallery forests (Figure 1). Four specimens, two males and two females (MCNA-2753, 3583, 3584, Figure 2), were collected in two fragments of arboreal caatinga (16 o 03 S, 43 o 08 W and 16 o 04 S, 43 o 07 W). The closest watercourse in the region is dry during the major part of the year (usually between March and November), with running water only in the rainy season, and it is located c. 1.5 km from our record sites. Nevertheless, both areas were represented by ravines, locally named barrancos. Figure 3. Specimen of Clibanornis rectirostris (DZUFMG-4101) from Felixlândia, deposited in the Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Photo: Letícia Ferreira Pedroso. ( Specimens were deposited in the ornithological collection of Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (DZUFMG, under IBAMA permit number 228/2003, process /02) and of the Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (MCNA, under IBAMA permits 126/2014, process / ; 518/2012, process / ; and 089/2011, process Cerradão woodland On 19 January 2004, MFV collected a female specimen (DZUFMG Figure 3) in a cerradão woodland at Fazenda Jacaré-Riachão (18 o 38 S, 45 o 05 W), Felixlândia municipality, Minas Gerais state. This area was represented by tall typical cerradão trees of c. 8 m with dense tangles of vines. Despite not being close to any gallery forest, a small vereda palm grove occurred 500 m from the collecting site. On 10 January 2015, another female (MCNA Figure 2) was obtained by MFV in a cerradão habitat in Rifaina municipality (20 00 S, W), São Paulo state. This site is physiognomically very similar to that in Felixlândia and lacks any watercourse in its interior (Figure 4), despite being located near second- -growth gallery forests of Rio Grande, c. 350 m from the collecting site. Urban areas On 17 December 2003, MFV observed and heard an individual of the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner in an urbanized site of Montes Claros municipality (16 44 S, W). The bird was recorded in the margin of a polluted river along one of the most important avenues of the city. Vegetation is represented by sparse trees, and the matrix is represented by urban areas with asphalt roads and buildings. Atualidades Ornitológicas, 185, maio e junho de

3 The species was also recorded during several months between 2010 and 2012 in an avifaunal inventory conducted at the campus of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (19 55 S, W), isolated in an urban matrix of the large city of Belo Horizonte, in the state of Minas Gerais (Vasconcelos et al. 2013). We estimated three individuals living in a small forest fragment of less than 7 ha inside the campus. Vegetation cover of this urban forest fragment is represented by semideciduous forest and lacks riverine habitats. Nevertheless, there are some natural barrancos in its interior and a small artificial lake (Figure 5). In the MCNA there is a specimen obtained from this area (MCNA Figure 2). Despite the majority of records having come from the forest fragment, in a single occasion one individual was observed when singing in the canopy of a castanheira tree (Terminalia catappa) in the urbanized area of the campus, 250 m away from the forest fragment. This bird was chasing a Rufous Hornero (Furnarius rufus) that was perched in the same tree. Figure 4. General aspect of the cerradão where the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner was recorded at Rifaina, São Paulo. Photo: Luiz Gabriel Mazzoni. Atlantic Forest fragments Vocalizations of one individual of the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner were heard by MFV and I. R. Lamas on 14 January 2001 in second-growth forest on the left bank of Rio Suaçuí Grande (18 21 S, W), São Pedro do Suaçuí municipality, Minas Gerais. The area was very degraded by selective logging and the presence of cattle, with a very open understory. Nevertheless, there were several ravines on the river margin. The bird was vocalizing from a dense clump of exotic bamboo (Bambusa sp.). Between 22 and 30 December 2003, SDN and MFV observed and heard an individual of C. rectirostris in the property of Mr. Onofre Sandinha (17 08 S, W), Leme do Prado municipality, near the limits of the Acauã Ecological Station. The area is represented by typical semideciduous Atlantic Forest (Kamino et al. 2008) holding several bird species endemic to this domain (Vasconcelos & D Angelo Neto 2007, Carrara et al. 2013). The bird was seen foraging in the mid-stratum of the forest and on the ground. An additional specimen (complete skeleton) of C. rectirostris (MCNA-1673) was collected close to this area by B. Garzon on 15 January 2006 in a nearby area at José Gonçalves de Minas municipality, although there is no indication of geographic coordinates on its label. Figure 5. General aspect of the semideciduous forest fragment where the Chestnut-capped Foliagegleaner was recorded at Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Photo: Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos. On 10 July 2008, LGM and AP observed and heard an individual on the left bank of the Rio Piracicaba (19 58 S, W), Rio Piracicaba municipality. The bird was foraging in the understory of a narrow strip of riparian vegetation. The surroundings of the area were composed by semideciduous forests on slopes and pastures (Figure 6). Barrancos were present in the banks of the Rio Piracicaba, and also along trails located within forested slopes. 42 Atualidades Ornitológicas, 185, maio e junho de

4 Figure 6. General aspect of the riparian degraded vegetation where the Chestnut-capped Foliagegleaner was recorded at Rio Piracicaba, Minas Gerais. Photo: Luiz Gabriel Mazzoni W). The region possesses typical semideciduous Atlantic Forest fragments (Figure 7) interspersed with pastures and second growth habitats. Barrancos were very common in this area, either within the forests or in forest edges and pastures. On 17 March 2011 the species was recorded in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Carlos Chagas, eastern Minas Gerais. EJG heard the vocalizations of four individuals in a riverine forest on the right bank of the Rio Mucuri (17 36 S, W). The forest area was very narrow, with open understory and a small flooded area that was soaked with the accumulated rain of the past days. The surroundings of this forest were composed of a dirt road and deforested slopes with isolated shrubs. On 13 April 2011, FCRC collected two females, an adult and a juvenile (MCNA 1550, Figure 2), in a fragment of semideciduous forest in the municipality of Almenara, Minas Gerais (16 00 S, W). This fragment is bordered by pastures except on its southern portion, where the area adjoins a dense formation of Atlantic Forest with a small stream. The site where the birds were collected is approximately 800 m from a watercourse. On 18 and 19 March 2014, CRS observed and heard the vocalizations of two individuals in an Atlantic Forest fragment on the left bank of Rio Preto, municipality of Morro do Pilar, Minas Gerais (19 16 S, W). This fragment is characterized as semideciduous forest surrounded by second growth and pastures (Figure 8). Figure 7. General aspect of the Atlantic Forest fragment where the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner was recorded at Dores de Guanhães, Minas Gerais. Photo: Luiz Gabriel Mazzoni. On 20 July 2010, LGM and AP observed and audio-recorded (ASEC and 17037, XC215506) two individuals in a clump of exotic bamboo (Bambusa sp.) in the left bank of the Rio Guanhães (19 03 S, W), in the municipality of Dores de Guanhães, Minas Gerais. The species was also regularly recorded in this region between 12 and 16 January 2011 and between 29 July and 3 August 2011, including another locality on the right bank of the same river (18 59 S, Concluding remarks Our records show that the Chestnut- -capped Foliage-gleaner is not a specialist of the gallery forests of the Cerrado region. Records from Carlos Chagas and Almenara extend the species range eastward, almost to the boundaries of southern Bahia and northern Espírito Santo states (Figure 9). Records conducted in areas of arboreal caatinga, far away from any watercourse, but represented by barrancos, suggest that this should be the most important resource for habitat selection by this species, since it depends on barrancos for nesting (Faria et al. 2008). Another observation made in dense caatinga scrub (carrasco) was presented by Vasconcelos et al. (2012) in the state of Bahia. It is also important to mention that the four specimens collected at Riacho dos Machados represent topotypes of Opetiorynchus rectirostris (basonym of Clibanornis rectirostris), since the area is located Atualidades Ornitológicas, 185, maio e junho de

5 Figure 8. General aspect of the Atlantic Forest fragment where the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner was recorded at Morro do Pilar, Minas Gerais. Photo: Thiago Oliveira e Almeida. Figure 9. Map showing the records of Clibanornis rectirostris in the present study (red dots). Municipalities are numbered as follows: 1 and 2 - Riacho dos Machados; 3 - Felixlândia; 4 - Rifaina; 5 - Montes Claros; 6 - Belo Horizonte; 7 - São Pedro do Suaçuí; 8 - Leme do Prado; 9 - Rio Piracicaba; 10 and 11 - Dores de Guanhães; 12 - Carlos Chagas; 13 Almenara; 14 Morro do Pilar. in the northern Minas Gerais state, close to the Bahia border, named Campos Geraës by Wied (1831). The holotype, a female housed in the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH 5223), was collected in the nearby Serra Geral (15 o 25 S, 42 o 48 W) (LeCroy & Sloss 2000). The species records in cerradão woodland, but close to gallery forests or vereda palm groves, two habitat types known to be used by this species (Silva & Vielliard 2000, Tubelis 2009), show that the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner can also use this kind of woodland typical of the Cerrado region. Other typical forest birds, including one which is also considered restricted to the gallery forests from the Cerrado region, the Helmeted Manakin (Antilophia galeata), were recorded in a cerradão woodland in the state of São Paulo (Cavarzere et al. 2011). Detailed studies should be conducted in this habitat type to check if these forest dependent species can use it sporadically or if they are resident. The species records in urbanized sites, including a small fragment of semideciduous (not gallery) forest isolated for at least 40 years, reinforces Marini s (2001) observations that it has low sensitivity to forest fragmentation and/or a reasonable capacity for dispersion. Other records of this species in urban parks were previously reported by Franchin & Marçal (2004) and Valadão et al. (2006a, b). In this context, some observations in urbanized sites are probably related to dispersing individuals. On the other hand, the species presence in degraded areas or second-growth in the Atlantic Forest region probably represents a recent range expansion related to habitat modification or climate change. Marini et al. (2009), using the Maxent algorithm, modeled future distribution ranges for 26 bird species endemic to the Cerrado (including C. rectirostris), predicting a general trend for range shift toward southeastern Brazil. The same research group also presented another model, using GARP algorithm, which predicted a present-day potential distribution of C. rectirostris in the same region of the Atlantic Forest where we made our records, but the authors interpreted these results as a possible error of their model, based on its unknown occurrence in this area (Corrêa et al. 2010). Thus, the present records in eastern Minas Gerais can be related or not to climate change or deforestation, but it is noteworthy that all records in the Atlantic Forest were also represented by barrancos. It is also important to point out that a previous record of the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner from Serra dos Órgãos, in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state (Sick 1985: 515) was rectified as based on a mislabeled specimen probably collected in western São Paulo by Heinrich Reinisch (Pacheco 1992). 44 Atualidades Ornitológicas, 185, maio e junho de

6 Finally, based on the present records and on the evident recent range expansion of C. rectirostris eastward, we show that the species is not a specialist of gallery forests. The species vulnerability, estimated by population size occurring only in gallery forests of the Cerrado region (Faria et al. 2012), is erroneous and can lead to misdirected conservation efforts that should be directed to species that really deserve threatened status. Acknowledgments FCRC thanks CAPES for a research grant ( Ciência sem Fronteiras ) during his Ph.D. work. Mr. Onofre Sandinha allowed us to conduct surveys in his lands. Ivana Reis Lamas accompanied MFV in São Pedro do Suaçuí. Letícia Ferreira Pedroso took photographs of specimens deposited in DZU- FMG and MCNA. Fernando Augusto Valério prepared the map that illustrates Figure 9. References Betini, G., J.F. Pacheco, A. Aleixo & F.C.T. Lima (1998) New records extend the known range of the Henna-capped Foliage-gleaner (Hylocryptus rectirostris) southeastward (Passeriformes: Furnariidae). Ararajuba 6(2): Carrara, L.A., L.C.P. Faria, F.I. Garcia & P.T.Z. Antas (2013) Avifauna da Estação Ecológica Estadual de Acauã e chapadas do alto vale do rio Jequitinhonha: ecótono de três biomas em Minas Gerais. Ornithologia 5(2): Cavarzere, V., G.P. Moraes, A.C. Dalbeto, F.G. Maciel & R.J. Donatelli (2011) Birds from cerradão woodland, an overlooked forest of the Cerrado region, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 51(17): Corrêa, J.S., L.O. Leite, F.I. Garcia & M.Â. Marini (2010) Modelagem de nicho ecológico (GARP) para aves endêmicas do Cerrado: uma análise crítica, p In: Diniz, I.R., J. Marinho Filho, R.B. Machado & R.B. Cavalcanti (eds.). Cerrado: conhecimento quantitativo como subsídio para as ações de conservação. Brasília: Thesaurus. Faria, L., L.A. Carrara, F.I. Garcia & M. Rodrigues (2012) Assessing population size of the Chestnut-capped Foliage-gleaner. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 52(24): Faria, L.C.P., L.A. Carrara & M. Rodrigues (2008) Biologia reprodutiva do fura-barreira Hylocryptus rectirostris (Aves: Furnariidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 25(2): Franchin, A.G. & O. Marçal Jr. (2004) A riqueza da avifauna no Parque Municipal do Sabiá, zona urbana de Uberlândia. Biotemas 17(1): Kamino, L.H.Y., A.T. Oliveira-Filho & J.R. Stehmann (2008) Relações florísticas entre as fitofisionomias florestais da Cadeia do Espinhaço, Brasil. Megadiversidade 4(1-2): LeCroy, M. & R. Sloss (2000) Type specimens of birds in the American Museum of Natural History. Part 3. Passeriformes: Eurylaimidae, Dendrocolaptidae, Furnariidae, Formicariidae, Conopophagidae, and Rhinocryptidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 257: Marini, M.Â. (2001) Effects of forest fragmentation on birds of the Cerrado region, Brazil. Bird Conservation International 11(1): Marini, M.Â., M. Barbet-Massin, L.E. Lopes & F. Jiguet (2009) Predicted climate-driven bird distribution changes and forecasted conservation conflicts in a Neotropical savanna. Conservation Biology 23(6): Pacheco, J.F. (1992) Sobre os registros de aves típicas do Brasil Central para a Serra dos Órgãos, RJ, a partir de coleções de H. Reinisch, depositadas no Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, p. 7. In: Sander, M., M.V. Petry & W.A. Voss. II Congresso Brasileiro de Ornitologia, Resumos. Campo Grande: Sociedade Brasileira de Ornitologia. Sick, H. (1985) Ornitologia brasileira: uma introdução, v. 2. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília. Silva, J.M.C. (1995) Birds of the Cerrado region, South America. Steenstrupia 21(1): Silva, W.R. & J. Vielliard (2000) Avifauna de mata ciliar, p In: Rodrigues, R.R. & H.F. Leitão-Filho (eds.). Matas ciliares: conservação e recuperação. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo. Tubelis, D.P. (2009) Veredas and their use by birds in the Cerrado, South America: a review. Biota Neotropica 9(3): Valadão, R.M., A.G. Franchin & O. Marçal-Júnior (2006a) A avifauna no Parque Municipal Victorio Siquierolli, zona urbana de Uberlândia (MG). Biotemas 19(1): Valadão, R.M., O. Marçal-Júnior & A.G. Franchin (2006b) A avifauna no Parque Municipal Santa Luzia, zona urbana de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Bioscience Journal 22(2): Vasconcelos, M.F. & S. D Angelo-Neto (2007) Padrões de distribuição e conservação da avifauna na região central da Cadeia do Espinhaço e áreas adjacentes, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Cotinga 28: Vasconcelos, M.F., L.N. Souza, C. Duca, J.F. Pacheco, R. Parrini, G.A. Serpa, C. Albano, C.R.M. Abreu, S.S. Santos & F.P. Fonseca-Neto (2012) The avifauna of Brejinho das Ametistas, Bahia, Brazil: birds in a caatinga-cerrado transitional zone, with comments on taxonomy and biogeography. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 20(3): Vasconcelos, M.F., L.G. Mazzoni, A. Perillo, T. Guerra, R. Morais, B. Garzon, J.E. Santos, L.S.L. Guimarães, T.O. Almeida, H.J.C. Peixoto, E.C. Dutra, L.F. Pedroso, F.A. Valério, D. Petrocchi, L.P.S. Santos, J.E.M. Dias, A.S. Morais, F.I.A. Garcia, C.E.R.T. Benfica & B.P. Ribeiro (2013) Long-term avifaunal survey in an urban ecosystem from southeastern Brazil, with comments on range extensions, new and disappearing species. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 53(25): Wied, M. Prinz zu (1831) Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien, v. 3. Weimar: Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs. 1 Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais. Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 290, Coração Eucarístico, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. mfvasconcelos@gmail.com 2 Cacicus Consultoria Ambiental Ltda. Avenida Prudente de Morais, 287, sala 506, Cidade Jardim, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. luizmaz@hotmail.com 3 Meu Animal Pet Shop Ltda. Rua dos Jatobás, 825, Eldorado, Contagem, MG, Brasil. thiagoalmeida.bio@gmail.com 4 Anthropological Institute & Museum, University of Zürich - Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, Switzerland. filipe.cunha@uzh.ch 5 Rua Cleusa Maria da Silva, 125, Novo Santa Cecília, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. regischristian@yahoo.com.br 6 Rua Iraí, 153, apartamento 2035, Cidade Jardim, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. dudugazzinelli@gmail.com 7 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Avenida Rui Braga s/n o, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil. santosdangelo@gmail.com Atualidades Ornitológicas, 185, maio e junho de