PORTUGUESE GRAPE VARIETIES SAVING A LOCAL UNIQUE HEIRLOOM FOR GLOBAL ADAPTATION. António Rocha Graça SOGRAPE VINHOS

PORTUGUESE GRAPE VARIETIES SAVING A LOCAL UNIQUE HEIRLOOM FOR GLOBAL ADAPTATION António Rocha Graça SOGRAPE VINHOS

PORTUGAL Not a Mediterranean country......despite having Mediterranean climate in about half the territory! On the periphery of Europe...... but on a balcony looking to the World! A small country (10 million in.)...... known for having changed the world!

PORTUGAL 3 What it is? An old nation: independent in 1143; stable border since 197 A mixed people: Phoenician, Greek, Roman, Visigoth, Alan, Swabian, Celt, Viking, Moor, Berber, Jew, Frank, Briton, Genovese...Mandingo, Xhosa, Ethiopian, Persian, Hindu, Sinhalese, Malay, Thai, Javanese, Maubere, Cantonese, Japanese, Hawaiian, Guarani, Patagonian... A bridge between the Old and the New World A vastly Christian Catholic country (96%)

PORTUGAL 4 Less known facts: Built a global empire by officially treating natives as their equal Holds the 13th. largest world reserve of gold Pioneered in abolishing the death penalty Made a difficult and obscure latin language an universal tongue Initiated the defeat of Napoleon Catches its national dish (codfish) 3 000 kms away Introduced and made tea a popular drink in England

PRESENTATION OUTLINE 6 Variability conservation in Portugal: first 30 years of selection Conservation results: knowing varieties for better utilization Vitis vinifera variabiilty in Portugal: a novel theory Conservation s future: PORVID and the Conservation Park

NATIONAL NETWORK FOR GRAPEVINE SELECTION More than 100 conservation sites 1978 STRATEGY On farm variability conservation Propagating clones from old vineyards Studying agronomical and oenological characters Quick uptake by the wine industry (most sites on private commercial vineyards) 8

NATIONAL NETWORK FOR GRAPEVINE SELECTION A «maverick» selection strategy Significative and predictable gain Preserves whole variability Steered by grape must and wine evaluation Multiple objectives are possible Comprehensive viral diagnostic Clone collection (30) Certification Regional adaptation trials (1) Unpredictable genetic gain Variability loss Steered (and biased) by wine evaluation Just for selection Diagnostic of critical viruses Clone experimental population (300) Regional adaptation trials (30) Homologation 9

NATIONAL NETWORK FOR GRAPEVINE SELECTION Results of 30 years of a relentless effort Variability conservation (011): 80 populations 6 varieties > 14 000 clones Supply for: Nurseries Grapegrowers Export 1- AF/73; - A/3; 3 - AN/10; 4 - AR/63; - AR/47; 6 - AV/164; 7 - AZ - 19; 8 - AM/137; 9 - B/\00; 10 - BI/40; 11 - BT/436; 1 - BR/194; 13 - BO/00; 14 - C/4; 1 - CC/0; 16 - CD/0; 17 - CR/39; 18 - DM/8; 19 - E/179; 0 - EG/148; 1 - ES/133; - FP/3; 3 - FP/3; 4 - GV/143; - J/00; 6 - J/06; 7 - JP/180; 8 - L1/13; 9 - L/0; 30 - MV/7; 31 - MF/180; 3 - ML/19; 33 - MG/00; 34 - MS/187; 3 - MS/99; 36 - NM/193; 37 - PA/10; 38 - P/189; 39 - RB/17; 40 - OV/0; 41 - R/9; 4 - SN/40; 43 - PL/00; 44 - TB/190; 4 - TM/100; 46 - FR/61; 47 - RZ/4; 48 - RZ/7; 49 - TC/168; 0 - TF/90; 1 - TF/110; - T/69; 3 - T/49; 4 - T/; - T/197; 6 - TJ/37; 7 - TR/71; 8 - VN/11; 9 - VS/03; 60 - VT/3; 61 - AI/31; 6 - FE/17; 63 - FD/; 64 - PM/10; 6 - GR/10; 66 - TB/38; 67 - CA/93; 68 - GD/; 69 BR/194; 70 E/179; 71 JP/84; 7 VT/163; 73 AR/47; 10

MOSCATEL GALEGO Tabuaço (Qta do Seixo) 1991 última correcção: 18/8/9; 0/1/06: 1/06/007 Observação: Data: / / Nome: 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 13 14 1 16 17 18 19 0 1 3 4 6 7 8 9 30 31 3 33 34 3 36 37 38 39 40 41 4 43 44 4 46 47 48 49 0 1 3 4 1 011 17 0913 016 070 b 1313 090 1701 09 0916 0711 109 131 01 040 170 0116 b 1106 b 00 03 0416 070 070 11 1303 11 01 040 0 030 1101 080 040 07 0116 131 11 00 6 6 3 9 9 7 3 6 3 4 6 6 0 7 01 1106 09 01 130 6 0 01 131 4 011 0 4 0 38 11 1 011 0 0 31 0 1 0803 1303 08 0418 0806 b 0106 0101 0401 130 170 030 0113 1703 017 041 011 0109 b 0709 b 090 0116 1318 111 1104 1306 003 093 130 113 1801 10 103 160 170 0407 106 1419 0601 03 007 1311 04081606014 140080009 1114 0106 110 07170303 3 013 063 1109 00 0417 b 080 0911 03 063 1716 0 070 06 1410 00 113 03 b 1319 b 131 111 00 071 011 0718 00 04 01 080 0 040 090 010 1606 170 04 6 8 4 0 7 6 8 0 0 4 0 0811 1318 170 10 0711 04 04 071 9 0 39 06 0 07 0 110 1 01 0 0 110 0 03 170 7 3 4 010 1301 141 0404 003 b 0914 160 0714 010 0103 b 1718 111 0713 1111 0817 071 b 0419 b 141 0404 1704 001 140 01 017 06 018 1117 1410 0418 131 1116 1709 1407 103 0109 0413 113 0904 040 0910040638 111 1413 0910916 019 130307030406 4 0811 140 00 0 11 b 110 131 110 1708 090 090 0601 001 03 01 1110 040 4 4 0 3 b 030 b 0601 1307 03 060 031 0914 0417 1703 0113 1313 03 070 109 06 070 011 0614 071 131 03 080 3 8 0 0 7 6 130 07 0 04 07 041 01 1 0 09 09 3 170 111 3 061 3 041 9 081 7 6 1114 1709 0901 1116 009 b 0610 1306 060 1314 1106 014 0903 06 1308 0303 1316 07 b 0610 b 1103 180 1309 0639 0103 0401 008 0704 013 060 0717 03 061 0713 0819 1701 0107 0113 1319 160 0 033 0411 141 0718 1316 0414 1719 07010600700704 1407 6 7 019 040 111 1307 040 b 1117 1719 0719 00 140 03 1113 1118 070 091 0918 040 b 0901 b 011 0 170 0107 041 019 03 00 0911 1114 1118 0817 00 03 0411 080 1116 091 010 00 018 063 8 3 7 9 9 6 01 0 061 041 8 110 9 110 4 170 9 09 07 041 111 03 0 07 06 7 8 037 140 001 0419 1413 b 170 0110 1101 00 007 10 0411 0717 070 008 1606 04 b 0907 b 0918 04 014 0413 1710 0409 0614 0110 1413 1111 041 0408 0719 009 0707 17 1313 180 0636 0906 040 09030080601708 130091306 0911010807 1717 0819 8 9 0 0 090 091 1407 040 7 b b 180 1108 106 04 0 111 0701 130 0414 07 0 00 8 00 3 b b b 10 0106 1314 00 140 1717 0 1316 1311 03 1419 00 001 091 0711 1308 00 140 1110 03 0416 040 3 8 3 7 8 3 171 6 091 8 011 141 0 0 8 0 03 01 6 0 0 071 4 0 0 b 9 10 1717 0639 0816 1710 103 b b 03 006 0707 0809 1419 0304 091 01 1801 1103 1704 b b b 0101 111 00 00 007 1716 1108 091 091 0403 0906 0108 1301 0 010 1110 1111 013 170 1801 01 1103 1117 08031701 1710 017 01011090713 17040809 b 10 11 1311 070 0819 041 040 3 6 b b 00 1319 03 0413 1104 0718 1408 1318 00 1309 10 b b b 0414 063 0913 1408 0816 1708 0811 0613 063 0701 1718 063 1609 130 0 0109 0401 03 00 11 1309 063 9 8 6 7 0 9 010 3 0 0 110 8 130 7 081 6 09 0 14 0 130 1 0 01 111 8 b 11 1 0709 1707 11 1609 0107 b b 0416 011 061 0108 006 060 0613 0614 039 018 0638 b b b 1719 110 006 0916 0903 110 106 030 140 1707 0714 0803 004 1113 1109 016 0304 10 1408 1308 03 1609 0417 17 0610 0914040907091703 07071718 006 b 1 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 13 14 1 16 17 18 19 0 1 3 4 6 7 8 9 30 31 3 33 34 3 36 37 38 39 40 41 4 43 44 4 46 47 48 49 0 1 3 4 13 b 141 1707 0714 0719 b b b b 0113 0407 0303 01 0806 0717 010 1117 0913 b b b 1104 091 004 1311 131 0906 b 080 0101 01 01 033 0404 0819 017 1114 0701 1308 010 0113 10 0904 13 N 14 b 0816 011 1103 09 3 b b b b 0701 0116 0107 1704 00 8 00 1413 1709 0418 b b b 070 070 7 070 1801 040 110 b 001 091 00 010 030 6 3 3 063 014 090 1408 0419 0610 1113 070 011 00 9 3 6 9 14 1 3 196-17 1 b 10 1703 0 0614 b b b b 1718 1313 0101 0904 160 170 0406 1716 060 b b b 070 1106 039 091 061 008 b 0411 130 0304 0717 016 113 1311 0803 0704 1319 0718 1303 110 004 0110 1 16 b 013 010 1101 03 b b b b 00 1408 0610 00 0911 00 090 0109 130 b b b 170 0811 03 091 063 001 b 00 106 170 170 063 041 031 1116 070 041 00 011 10 070 0106 16 7 6 7 6 8 6 6 9 17 b 1308 071 0903 011 b b b b 040 06 1108 001 0108 10 01 061 1318 b b b 003 014 0601 0403 1108 018 b 103 1117 1710 1110 1306 0913 0614 03 0416 03 019 1410 0413 0109 17 18 b 1309 1319 0901 040 b b b b 0416 131 0 106 0918 1419 063 1303 140 b b b 063 1719 011 031 0901 140 b 1704 0613 111 040 1718 0 1106 11 013 0418 0116 0911 040 0811 18 8 4 8 6 8 4 3 4 SO4 00 Os clo nes X repetiçõ es de 3 plantas 1º e últi As bo rdaduras s ão de plantas. Es paço 4 tem 4 plant 19 b 041 1314 00 111 b b b b 033 080 1701 1316 0907 0819 041 140 019 b b b 016 01 08 0914 08 170 b 0 0406 0103 1716 0417 141 0817 093 0401 091 030 00 1606 1709 19 Enxertia de falhas não co ntro lada no s blo co s 4 e 0 b 06 0718 1116 00 0 9 b b b b 11 070 0711 1110 00 1708 1307 109 00 4 9 7 b b b 03 0 040 17 1710 040 4 9 1101 b 1701 1413 1118 00 1313 0916 1314 0 091 040 6 111 0714 060 180 0 18/ 1/ 00 - segundo sr. Norbert o (Vit ioest e), os clones130,170 e 1704 são MG rosado. Falt a conf irmação da UTAD. 1 b 008 1606 1109 0803 b b b b 040 018 040 0817 0401 131 00 1407 0409 b b b 0110 1111 03 1301 1309 030 b 063 0914 0 070 130 007 1703 0107 0601 0707 0806 1419 1109 039 1 b 07 0613 063 0916 b b b b 00 0106 00 0103 130 063 03 001 0414 b b b 0 180 030 1609 04 03 b 1707 00 1719 011 17 00 1307 03 160 080 0711 1103 111 060 0 9 3 4 0 8 9 3 7 9 1/06/007: Segundo Prof. Nuno M agalhães, os clones 007 e 041 não são M oscatel Galego (6/0/010 - informação confirmada por Isaura da UTAD) 3 b 017 1306 0809 0703 b b b b 110 1410 111 170 0709 1118 038 111 1113 b b b 0413 1609 090 1717 03 090 b 1708 007 1111 11 0918 1801 140 006 00 07 060 0719 0713 109 3 4 b 060 0419 00 0 b b b b 110 1717 11 113 0417 0411 103 0713 030 b b b 1301 1114 140 0414 0816 0108 b 01 071 090 070 07 1104 1318 0 040 1316 00 140 131 1407 4 6 7 7 3 0 0 7 8 11 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 13 14 1 16 17 18 19 0 1 3 4 6 7 8 9 30 31 3 33 34 3 36 37 38 39 40 41 4 43 Rio Torto

OUTLINE 1 Variability conservation in Portugal: first 30 years of selection Conservation results: knowing varieties for better utilization Vitis vinifera variabiilty in Portugal: a novel theory Conservation s future: PORVID and the Conservation Park

The Bell (Gaussian) curve in genetics 14 Trait s density of probability Population C B A Trait s value

Probability density Varieties relative age 1 7 6 4 3 1 0 0 0. 1 1. Yield devided by the mean (kg/plant) Seara Nova Jaen Avesso Bical Trincadeira Castelão Touriga Franca Alfrocheiro Ratinho Tinto Cão Azal Branco Camarate Tinta Barroca Trajadura Vinhão Baga Fernão Pires Tinta Roriz Alvarelhão Cercial Moscatel-Galego-Branco Jampal Antão vaz Alvarinho Moscatel Graúdo Espadeiro Touriga Nacional Síria Rufete Borraçal Loureiro Tinta Miúda Rabigato Vital Malvasia Fina Arinto Rabo de Ovelha Tinta Francisca Viosinho Negra Mole Sercial SEARA NOVA - + SERCIAL

Probability density Varieties geographical path 16 Grenache / Garnacha 3. 3 Tinta Roriz / Aragonez Tempranillo Douro Alentejo Rioja Valdepenãs Genetic gain from clone selection. No gain 1. 1 0. 0 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.6 Yield divided by the mean (kg/plant)

Arinto Yield s intravarietal variability Clone Rendimento (kg/planta) Clone,40 Rendimento (kg/planta) Clone Rendimento (kg/planta) Clone Rendimento (kg/planta) Clone Rendimento (kg/planta) 4108.40 163 1.70 3701 1.48 4004 1.4 330 0.86 360. 044 1.70 8808 1.48 4008 1.3 870 0.86 30.1 30 1.70 3306 1.48 3806 1.3 6114 0.86 3903.19 410 1.69 110 1.48 9708 1. 904 0.8 0310.16 4107 1.69 640 1.47 6003 1. 8408 0.8 404.14 7904 1.68 604 1.47 130 1. 911 0.84 3113.11 3908 1.68 8308 1.46 4109 1.1 130 0.84 4101.07 6411 1.67 661 1.46 1460 1.0 6311 0.83 9604.01 80 1.67 400 1.46 1339 1.19 131 0.80 9609.01 3808 1.67 381 1.46 9304 1.17 611 0.76 801 1.97 0437 1.66 43 1.46 04 1.16 310 0.74 3704 1.97 300 1.6 6601 1.46 30 1.16 1431 0.7 0664 1.96 303 1.6 980 1.4 68 1.1 8704 0.7 4110 1.94 0483 1.64 603 1.44 1116 1.1 167 0.71 390 1.93 6009 1.63 9306 1.44 0683 1.14 630 0.68 304 1.93 3016 1.63 3804 1.44 60 1.14 360 0.68 0640 1.93 6410 1.63 70 1.43 601 1.13 6304 0.68 6707 1.9 301 1.6 1617 1.4 800 1.13 906 0.66 8801 1.87 07 1.6 3810 1.4 9706 1.1 138 0.64 3403 1.86 0 1.6 00 1.41 6118 1.1 01 0.63 9603 1.86 0677 1.6 6606 1.41 801 1.11 6310 0.8 003 1.8 3401 1.61 008 1.41 808 1.11 6308 0. 3404 1.84 370 1.61 1117 1.41 980 1.11 6110 0.4 304 1.83 301 1.60 704 1.41 908 1.10 80 0.1 017 1.83 3103 1.60 3807 1.41 400 1.08 9307 0.49 6116 1.8 1118 1.60 3109 1.41 901 1.07 630 0.41 019 1.8 3601 1.60 7606 1.41 011 1.0 907 0.3 8807 1.8 0613 1.60 3001 1.41 630 1.0 900 1.8 030 1.8 6404 1.40 3803 1.04 403 1.81 707 1.8 60 1.39 140 1.03 8007 1.80 1170 1.8 907 1.39 311 1.01 101 1.80 066 1.7 3304 1.38 90 1.01 804 1.80 703 1.7 0441 1.38 60 0.99 390 1.79 707 1.7 80 1.38 6407 0.99 0344 1.79 116 1.7 9109 1.37 903 0.98 031 1.78 3303 1.7 4104 1.36 806 0.97 0498 1.78 9409 1.7 041 1.36 6 0.97 03 1.78 1603 1. 910 1.36 141 0.97 640 1.78 9407 1.4 013 1.3 611 0.96 07 1.78 4001 1.4 3809 1.3 4007 0.96 380 1.77 0 1.4 44 1.34 909 0.9 401 1.77 340 1.4 1610 1.34 6701 0.9 9610 1.77 4106 1.3 7301 1.33 9810 0.93 703 1.77 301 1.3 418 1.3 9710 0.93 3910 1.76 0414 1.3 0319 1.3 9703 0.93 3901 1.74 303 1.3 10 1.3 613 0.9 410 1.74 909 1. 804 1.31 9308 0.9 910 1.73 3604 1.1 970 1.30 930 0.91 9606 1.73 677 1.1 803 1.30 610 0.90 940 1.7 11 1.1 3801 1.8 903 0.89 601 1.7 4 1.1 810 1.8 9806 0.89 30 1.7 600 1.0 6007 1.8 606 0.88 300 1.7 4103 1.49 3010 1.8 9310 0.87 049 1.71 908 1.49 9003 1.7 1410 0.86 9403 1.70 637 1.49 701 1.7 6619 0.86 0,3 17

Chronology of a geographical path 18 Vinho Verde Trás-os- Montes Douro Bairrada Lafões Dão Beiras Chronological progression Ribatejo Algarve

Applied quantitative genetics 19 Phenotype (Behavior) Genotype (DNA) Environmental deviation (Genotype-independent factor) Interaction (Genotype s response to environment)

Negra Mole Environ. Index 1.07 1.99 1.13 3.1 3.69.69 1.70 ord Lagoa 89 Lagoa 90 Loulé 94 Loulé 9 Loulé 96 Loulé 97 Loulé 98 1 113 013 111 013 013 111 1603 013 0310 013 111 1603 013 111 3 1603 1707 1603 1603 014 1707 013 4 1006 1713 110 1617 017 1603 1709 1404 111 030 030 030 017 113 6 1707 161 1617 1404 111 1704 161 7 00 1617 0307 01 0310 161 01 8 1617 030 1713 113 1404 113 1713 9 017 0307 1404 1709 10 0 110 10 001 1404 1707 1607 017 110 1404 11 3 clones 014 001 006 014 10 1704 1 140 03 1607 017 161 1617 1707 13 03 00 3clones 110 0 014 3clones 14 00 017 113 013 013 1709 1617 1 0310 001 0 161 1617 1404 014 16 0703 1603 0310 03 1704 0307 1614 17 1709 0710 10 017 0307 1713 10 18 007 1607 0710 031 1614 0310 030 19 0714 006 0714 1713 031 3clones 1607 0 013 0 140 0310 1607 0703 161 1 161 1006 03 014 140 014 013 0307 014 1704 3clones 0710 013 0 3 111 103 161 0714 0714 161 017 4 1614 3clones 1709 1704 03 0710 0703 161 017 013 140 01 1607 0714 6 140 031 017 0307 113 03 00 7 0710 140 01 0710 110 017 0310 8 110 110 014 10 1713 001 0710 9 10 161 161 014 1709 1614 001 30 017 0714 014 1707 0703 031 014 31 031 10 031 1614 3clones 030 017 3 030 01 017 0703 1707 0714 006 33 1704 1704 006 00 001 1006 00 34 103 007 1006 001 161 00 03 3 01 1614 103 00 00 00 0307 36 014 1709 1614 161 006 140 140 37 014 0703 00 0 140 01 007 38 1607 140 007 1006 103 103 103 39 0 013 0703 007 007 006 1006 40 006 00 00 103 00 007 140 41 1713 113 140 140 1006 140 031 0

Clone selection and genetic gain 1 Moscatel Galego Tabuaço Rendimento média 9+97+98+99 Processamento em: 01-03-000 Análise baseada em todas as repetiçöes clo ord Med.G. ord clo Med.G. rendimentos das repetiçöes... ------------------ ------------------ 0101 18 1.44 1 0406 3.767.91 6.1 3.0.19 4.073 0103 138.11 111 3.63.803.638. 3.69 3.0 010 69.663 3 008 3.66.46 3.49.708 3.79.719 0106 4.919 4 1106 3.66.906.76 3.309 3.466.391 0107 31 3.078 007 3.39 3.619.41 3.61 3.61 4.47 0108 8 3.081 6 038 3.438.19.13 3.69 3.106 3.14 0109 1 1.876 7 103 3.4 1.38 3.69.641 4.13.08 0110 103.416 8 1307 3.398 1.33.883 3.86 1.96 4.66 011 3.174 9 170 3.39 1.614 4.78.469 3.0 4.77 0113 7.77 10 071 3.34 4.897 3.03.64.06 4.3 011 96.477 11 141 3.31 1.898 4.48.973 1.499.96 0116 14.9 1 031 3.313 3.474 3.811 3.979.67.67 001 181 1.41 13 003 3.98.796.706 3.6 3.06 4. 00 196 1.168 14 130 3.8 3.09 3.3.73.973 1.46 003 173 1.6 1 140 3.61.481.61 3.313 3.809 4.141 004 168 1.633 16 1316 3.4 3. 3.337.18 1.704.4 00 17 1.1 17 0 3.7 3.419 3.63 3.73 3.091.33 006 160 1.714 18 1704 3.17.983 3.7 1.9 3.0 4.378 007 187 1.349 19 0303 3.14 3.6 3.16 1.806 3.36 3.77 008 171 1.6 0 131 3.01 3.79 3.08.876.068 4.7 009 9.48 1 00 3.18.83.984 3.908 1.4 4.894 030 184 1.418 011 3.174 3.494 3.18 3.008 1.669 4.17 0303 19 3.14 3 070 3.14 1.917.4.898 4.64 3.838 0304 130.41 4 1413 3.131 1.09 3.49 3.3 1703 70.661 186 1108 1.371.96 1.304 1.79 1.107 1.78 1704 18 3.17 187 007 1.349.19.697 1.398 1.704.46 170 99.469 188 0401 1.336 1.367 1.81.684 1.138 1.671 1707 77.67 189 001 1.336.917 1.88.87 1.188 1.888 1708 64.683 190 033 1.34 1.046 1.467 1.613.867 1.69 1709 0.8 191 039 1.30 1.79.938.7 1.6 1.69 1710 37.999 19 041 1.41 1.3 1.63 1.1.7 1.411 1716 116.33 193 00 1.18 1.01.7 1.38 1.107 1.999 1717 73.64 194 106 1.196 1.41 1.19.78.88 1.767 1718 137.13 19 0707 1.184.696.779 1.63 1.8 1.64 1719 101.48 196 00 1.168 1.11 1..613 1.4 1.36 170 66.674 197 0706 1.03.663.983 1.18 1.14 1.176 17 143.039 198 03 1.04.94.613 1.4 1.1 1.088 1801 93.03 199 0416.937.639 1.06.694 1.09 1. 180 161 1.714 00 1609.887.707.9.87 1.109.84 Indicadores de variabilidade -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- variância genotípica MG var. genotípica var. ambiental var. fenot. total em % da total (h²) em % da média² em % da média² em % da média² --------------------------------------------------------------------------------.691.380 4.98.1983 7.163 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Desvio padr o genotípico=.8386 Desvio padr o genotípico reduzido (média=1)=.1991 C.V. genotípico=.1991 C.V. ambiental= 14.867 Previsäo do ganho genético de rendimento ---------------------------------------- % selecçäo i ganho (%) ---------------------------------------- 10 1.7 31.4 1 1.1 7.9 0 1.37.3 1. 3.1 30 1.1 1. 40.97 17.9 0.8 14.8 60.63 11.6 --------------------------------------- i=0.8+0.41*ln((1/p.s.)-1)

Clone selection and genetic gain Variety Foreseeable genetic gain Alfrocheiro 16,7% Alvarelhão 1,7% Alvarinho 1,% Antão Vaz 34,9% Arinto 19,6% Avesso 9,4% Azal Branco 0,% Baga 17,6% Bical 19,3% Ratinho 14,0% Borraçal 16,9% Camarate 17,6% Síria 9,0% Dona Maria,9% Esgana Cão 91,4% Fernão Pires 17,6% Jaen,9% Loureiro 37,% Malvasia Fina 3,% Moscatel Graúdo 17,3% Moscatel Galego 3,1% Negra Mole 46,0% Casteção 17,3% Rabigato 30,3% Rabo de Ovelha,0% Rufete 4,1% Tinta Barroca 11,6% Tinta Francisca 31,9% Tinta Miúda 30,9% Aragonez,0% Tinto Cão 11,6% Touriga Franca 1,6% Touriga Nacional 17,7% Trajadura 43,1% Trincadeira Preta 13,8% Vinhão 17,8% Viosinho 30,9% Vital 33,7%

The viral issue Frequency of GLRaV3 (leaf-roll virus) incidence in different varieties as % of infected clones Casta Freq. de ocorrência (%) Alfrocheiro Alvarinho 3,0 93,3 Amaral 39,4 Antão Vaz Arinto 19,0 67,6 Avesso 9, Azal Branco 1, Baga 46,0 Bical 41, Borraçal Boal Ratinho 34,0 4,6 Camarate 4,3 Cercial Crato Branco 9, 36,6 Dona Maria 3, Esgana Cão Espadeiro 98,0 8,3 Fernão Pires 34,3 Jaen Loureiro,0 4,0 Malvasia Fina 33,0 Moscatel Galego Moscatel de Setúbal 7,4 8,9 Negra Mole, Padeiro de Basto Periquita 64,7 6, Rabigato,0 Rabo de Ovelha Rufete 0,3 8,9 Tinta Barroca 69,0 Tinta Francisca 90.0 Tinta Miúda 73, Tinta Roriz,7 Tinto Cão Touriga Francesa 36,8 68,0 Touriga Nacional 9,0 Trajadura 37,0 Trincadeira Preta 46,0 Vinhão 40,9 Viosinho 0,0 Vital 69,1 Média 47.7 3

The viral issue 1.30 Rendement, kg/plant Degré Brix Antocyanes (mg/dm 3 ) 70 4 1.0 4 GLRaV3 case study 3 in Castelão (aka. Periquita) 1.10 0 1.00 1 470 Importance of studying populations with whole variability and not just limited collections!!! 0.90 0.80 0 19 40 0.70 18 0.60 moyenne des infectés: - 6,% 17 moyenne des infectés: - 3,6% 370 moyenne des infectés: =

Portuguese varieties with selection-issued clones (as of 09-011): available, about to become (under homologation), and ready to become (study is complete) Touriga Nacional Aragonez Trincadeira Preta Castelão Jaen Vinhão Arinto Alvarinho Fernão Pires Síria Malvasia Fina Loureiro Trajadura Alfrocheiro Touriga Franca Tinto Cão Baga Camarate Tinta Miúda Negra Nole Alvarelhão Tinta Francisca Antão Vaz Rabo de Ovelha Tinta Barroca Rufete Borraçal Rabigato Sercial Avesso Vital Ratinho Azal Branco

Certified clones have spec sheets 6

Published works 7 The utilization of unreplicated trials for conservation and quantification of intravarietal genetic diversity of rarely grown ancient grapevine varieties (submitted) Broad-sense heritability in the context of mixed models for grapevine initial selection trials (ready for submission)

Oldest fossil record Vitis 6 My Vitis in Europe 0 My Vitis vinifera fossil record 1 My 9

Variability according to Vitis vinifera 30 A plant species with huge diversity: Wild sylvestris Domesticated sativa Inter-varietal Varieties Intra-varietal Clones

Vitis vinifera, spp. sylvestris 31 Vitis vinifera, spp. sativa

EXPLAINING GRAPEVINE S DIVERSITY Classical hypothesis \ Pleistocene 1 My 3

EXPLAINING GRAPEVINE S DIVERSITY Classical hypothesis Würm s Ice Age,000 bc 33 Refuge

EXPLAINING GRAPEVINE S DIVERSITY Classical hypothesis First civilizations 6,000 to 300 bc 34 Rome 600 bc Iberia 00 bc Greece 600 bc Carthage 600 bc Phoenicia 800 bc Sumer 6,000 bc

HIGHEST VARIETAL DENSITY PER KM WHY? 3

EXPLAINING GRAPEVINE S DIVERSITY New data = novel theory 36 001 - BREAKING NEWS!!! Vitis vinifera, spp. Sylvestris found in Portugal

Sefc et al. Portuguese traditional grapevine cultivars and wild vines (Vitis vinifera L.) share morphological and genetic traits Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 4:1 (003) Arroyo-Garcia et al. Multiple origins of cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sativa) based on chloroplast DNA polymorphisms MOLECULAR ECOLOGY, 1: (1), 006 Cunha et al. Portuguese traditional grapevine cultivars and wild vines (Vitis vinifera L.) share morphological and genetic traits GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION Volume 6, Number 7, 009 Lopes et al. New insights on the genetic basis of Portuguese grapevine and on grapevine domestication GENOME, 009, :(9) Intra-varietal diversity in wild populations is preserved 70% of Iberian cultivars display chlorotypes only compatible with western sylvestris populations. Portuguese native varieties (including an important white Antão Vaz) are held as proof of crossing with wild varieties. Presence of chlorotypes C and D confirm foreign germplasm introgression 37

EXPLAINING GRAPEVINE S DIVERSITY New data = novel theory Pleistocene 1 My 38

EXPLAINING GRAPEVINE S DIVERSITY New data = novel theory Würm s Ice Age,000 bc 39 Refuge Refuge

EXPLAINING GRAPEVINE S DIVERSITY New data = novel theory First civilizations 6,000 to 300 bc 40 \ Rome 600 bc Iberia 00 bc Greece 600 bc Carthage 600 bc Phoenicia 800 bc Sumer 6,000 bc

PORVID a public-private joint venture 43 National Institute for Biological Resources (INRB) Ministry of Agriculture Port and Douro Wine Institute, Porto (IVDP) Palmela s city council Superior Institute of Agronomy (ISA) - Lisbon Technical University Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro University (UTAD) Association for the Development of Viticulture in Douro (ADVID) Association of Palmela Grapegrowers (AVIPE), Palmela Sogrape Vinhos, SA Symington Family Estates José Maria da Fonseca, SA Real Companhia Velha, SA

Experimental Park for Conservation of Native Grapevine s Variability - Pegões 44 LISBOA PEGÕES

Total variability survey and sample 4 Six nationwide on-going projects 1, M total investment, financed by state and private funds Duration: 011-01

Goals For the wine industry: A fighting chance: Innovation Adaptation Sustainability For the consumer The «Wow» factor: Quality Value for money Satisfaction Heritage 46

My special appreciation to the people who made my being here possible: Mark Gishen SAWIA Peter Hayes OIV Domingos Soares Franco Antero Martins Elsa Gonçalves Nuno Magalhães José Eiras-Dias