Madeira University. Funchal, Portugal

Transcrição

1 5º CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL REELC ILHAS E CONTINENTES: : (RE)CONSTRUÇÕES IDENTITÁRIAS 5 th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ENCLS ISLANDSS AND CONTINENTS: (RE)CONSTRUCTIONS OF IDENTITY 5ÈME CONGRES INTERNATIONAL: ÎLES ET CONTINENTS: (RE)CONSTRUCTIONSS IDENTITAIRES Universidade da Madeira Rede Europeia de Estudos Literários Comparados Madeira University European Networkk for Comparative Literary Studies Université de Madère Réseau Européen D Études Littéraires Comparées 26 a 28 de Setembro 26 th too 28 th September du 26 au 28 septembre Funchal, Portugal 2013

2 Título Title Titre Livro de Resumos do 5º Congresso Internacional REELC, Ilhas e Continentes: (Re)Construções Identitárias. 26 a 28 de Setembro 2013, Funchal, Ilha da Madeira, Portugal. Abstract Book of the 5 th International Congress ENCLS, Islands and Continents: (Re)Constructions of Identity. 26 th to 28 th September 2013, Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal. Livre des Résumés du 5 ème Congres International: Iles et Continents: (Re)Constructions Identitaires. Du 26 au 28 septembre 2013, Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal. Editor Éditeur Universidade da Madeira Colégio dos Jesuítas - Rua dos Ferreiros Funchal - Portugal Telef Fax Preparação do Livro Book Layout Conception du livre Énio Freitas The content of this publication can be used under the condition of full acknowledgement and citation of the source. (September 2013) 2

3 Índice Index COMISSÃO CIENTÍFICA... 7 Scientific Committee... 7 Comité Scientifique... 7 COMISSÃO ORGANIZADORA... 8 Organizing Committee... 8 Comité d'organisation... 8 CONFERENCIA INAUGURAL... 9 Keynote Address... 9 Conférence Inaugurale Comunidades e as suas imagens, relações e usos culturais. Proposta dos conceitos de sustentabilidade e afetividade identitárias EIXOS DE REFLEXÃO Lines of Refletion Réflexion des intervenants O MODO PELO QUAL A MEMÓRIA CULTURAL E OS FLUXOS MIGRATÓRIOS ENTRE ILHAS E CONTINENTES INTERVÊM AO NÍVEL DA (RE)CONSTRUÇÃO IDENTITÁRIA The way in which cultural memory or migratory fluxes among islands and Continents intervene at the level of the (re)construction of identity La façon dont la mémoire culturelle et les flux migratoires entre îles et continents interviennent au niveau de la (re) construction identitaire The shoreline and beyond. Sciascia on Sicily Indigenous and Exploited Caribbean Tastes in Daniel Defoe s and Michelle Cliff s Novels Imagining Space in Baltic Exile Life Writing The Woman-as-Witch in Old and New England: in a flight of fancy from Pendle to Salem Réception et libération: les rapports littéraires franco-irlandais au tournant du 20 e siècle L île Maurice et son identité: entre représentation du trauma et devoir de mémoire dans Les Rochers de Poudre d or de Nathacha Appanah L Archipel caribéen espace mouvant d un pluriel archipélagique Madère. Le musée, l île et l ailleurs Em Creta com Jorge de Sena: A oposição entre weltliteratur e nacionalismo na poética seniana A matriz da insularidade e a construção da identidade cultural Vasco Graça Moura e a Europa Deambulações europeias na poesia de Fernando Pinto do Amaral Literatura História e Memória: D. Simoa, de São Tomé para Lisboa Dom Sebastião no sertão deslocamento do mito de Portugal para o Brasil As tradições como meio de (re)construção e afirmação identitárias: o caso dos Açores O urbano e o rural em Grande sertão: veredas: o embate social conformado através do espaço DISCURSOS METAFÓRICOS: MAR, ILHAS, CONTINENTES Metaphorical discourses: Sea, islands, continents Discours métaphoriques: mer, îles, continentes

4 - The paradisiacal island and the search for self Navigation into paradise: Cecil B. DeMille s Male and Female, Ellis island and the American insular imaginary Foscolo s Zacynthos: the island between myth and nostalgia Becoming the island: Considering the self, virtual self and illusion through multisensory narrative in Dear Esther As águas sem lado de lá: Por uma ética da ficção Diálogos entre Eça de Queirós e o Oriente Entre o leito e a margem: plural de águas, singular identidade um diálogo de Guimarães Rosa e Mia Couto A ilha como metáfora do corpo, o mar como espaço da fala: uma leitura dos poemas Nenhum corpo é como esse, mergulhador, coroado..., de Herberto Helder e Do fundo do mar..., de Cruzeiro Seixas The symbolism of bird islands (Anatol France s Penguin Island and Marko Tsepenkov s Stork Island ) The island as palimpsest: modern representations of isolation vs. communion in a dialogic/intertextual perspective Woman as island in Places far from Ellesmere, a geografictione (by the Canadian writer Aritha van Herk) Islands and continents in SF and epic fantasy Paquetá e a imagem de Ilha dos Amores Variações sobre o paradigma camoniano da Ilha namorada na tradição épica portuguesa Variations of the Camonian pattern of the Island of Love in the Portuguese epic tradition A revista Atlantida ( ): a metáfora do continente perdido e o projeto de união luso-brasileira Construções metafóricas e identidade em A ilha está cheia de vozes, de João Medina Posthuman geographies: the island as a natural and metaphorical landscape of posthuman mutation in M. Houllebecq s and H.D. Wells s novels A network of quotations between print and computer media: A qualitative approach to Gerhard Richter's "Text" O MAR ENQUANTO ELEMENTO DE UNIÃO/SEPARAÇÃO The sea as an element of union and/or separation La mer en tant qu élément d union/separation A simbologia do mar nas obras de Lygia Bojunga Nunes: Uma reflexão acerca do enquadramento utópico e distópico Suplementos culturais, geografia textual e afirmação identitária: um estudo de caso A febre de cimento se apossa da Riviera Une mer, deux rives et un pont pour le dialogue: la Méditerranée perçue par Taha Hussein Le rôle d Oscar Milosz, poète et diplomate, dans la formation de l image de Lituanie dans la culture française du XX-me siècle. La mer comme élément constitutif de cette image Le motif de l'espace marin, du Delta, et des îles chez Marguerite Duras. Entre construction et reconstruction identitaire Jorge Amado, o mar e a união/separação: ficção e vivências Meditations about religious habits of madrileña society on the Canarian Jose Clavijo y Fajardo's work and his comparison with Spanish and contemporary intellectual A Menina do Mar de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen: O conto duma maravilhosa amizade entre Terra e Mar OS ESTEREÓTIPOS CULTURAIS Cultural stereotypes Les stéréotypes culturels Native and Colonists contact and cohabitation in Colonial New England, : An inquiry about images and identities The conquest of Canary Islands in Castilian Literature during the early modern age England in miniature: Building a utopian island nation Chronotopes de l insularité polynésienne et (re)construction identitaire post-coloniale Des voies commerciales au récit de l Atlantique par les îles. Les Archipels féeriques de Madère et des Canaries dans l Insulaire de Benedetto Bordone (XVIe siècle) Stéréotypes continentaux et réalités insulaires The isle squared : librettos set in islands by Sicilian writers and composers between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Cultural Stereotypes and Regional Identity Alone on the island: Isolation in tragic fiction from Strindberg to D. H. Lawrence A ilha como lugar de abandono na mitologia greco-latina: Filoctetes e Ariadne

5 TOPOGRAFIA E TEMPORALIDADE DOS ESPAÇOS INSULARES E CONTINENTAIS Topography and temporality of insular and continental spaces Topographie et temporalité des espaces insulaires et continentaux Beckett et l Insularité Fictions insulaires au XVIe siècle (Camoëns, Rabelais, Shakespeare): une figure de la transition épistémologique Les deux villes maritimes comme des îles Trieste et Nagasaki The island of mysteries Mediterranean islands in the works of the Estonian writer Karl Ristikivi The Pastoral and the Island Utopia: Towards the archaeology of a literary topos Insularizing - Philosophizing (Insularity and Philosophy) Islands of desire: Periphery and solitude from Stevenson to Bioy Casares Two 19 th century heterotopias: The island in Jane Austen s Mansfield Park (1814) and Charlotte Brontë s Villette (1853) Literary I-Lands: First-person narration on the desert island O mundo insular caboverdiano: de Chiquinho a A Ilha Fantástica QUESTÕES DE IMAGOLOGIA Questions of imagology Questions d imagologie L île ou la quête de la connaissance: roman et savoir dans Mardi de Melville et L Île mystérieuse de Jules Verne Lusitânia, corpo e voz de uma imagem Imagologia de uma ilha em transformação: a Madeira de oitocentos e os seus visitantes A DUALIDADE ILHA - CONTINENTE E O DISCURSO PÓS-COLONIALISTA The duality island - Continent and the post-colonial discourse La dualité île Continent et le discours pos-colonialiste Poétique de la transularité: Fatou Diome et la génération de la postcolonie Deslocamentos continentais e formação de ilhas interiores em O Arquipélago da insónia A poética de Conceição Lima: Corpo das ilhas, braços do continente A INSULARIDADE/HIPO-INSULARIDADE E AS SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS PARA A CRIAÇÃO LITERÁRIA E ARTÍSTICA Insularity/hypo-insularity and its consequences for literary and artistic creativity L insularité/ l hypo-insularité et ses consequences pour la création littéraire et artistique L'insularité continentale: sémantique paysagère et construction identitaire dans les épopées grecques hellénistiques et tardives Images et mots en archipel Les romans malgaches et comoriens: insularité ou hypo-insularité? The Renaissance Isolario and Europe s Eastern Boundaries The secret of the World : Bolaño's islands of proper names A transformação do lugar: retratos da Madeira nos séculos XIX e XX PAINÉIS TEMATICOS Thematic Panels Panels Thématiques O WEBMUSEU AGUSTINA BESSA-LUÍS: ABORDAGENS INSULARES Eu fiz a Electra (Party Garden-Party nos Açores de Agustina Bessa Luís) Musealização de quadros insulares de Agustina Bessa-Luís A Corte do Norte: da sinopse ao plano Visões da História: o passado e o presente dos Açores em Agustina Bessa Luís Entornos políticos sobre insularidade e literatura: Anotações sobre 'A Corte do Norte'

6 ISLANDS AND CONTINENTS: HONG KONG AND THE WORLD Farewell to the sublime? Post-monumental landscapes in the poetry of Leung Ping-kwan and Xi Chuan Bildungsroman in Hong Kong literature of the 1960s and 1970s: A study of Leung Ping Kwan s literary work Street riots, domestic space, and the contours of sinophone Cold War modernism ISLANDS AND IDENTITIES: NATURAL, NARRATIVE, AND NATIONAL Performing islandness The isle in the forest. The motif of the island in Finnish literature and national identity That s where we re going to live and lead a wonderful life, full of troubles Identity, Gender and Islands in Tove Jansson s Moomin Series ÍNDICE DE AUTORES Authors Index Liste des Auteurs

7 Comissão Científica Scientific Committee Comité Scientifique Brigitte Le Juez Dublin City University, Ireland Cândido de Oliveira Martins Universidade Católica, Portugal Cristina Robalo Cordeiro Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal Dominique Costa Universidade da Madeira, Portugal Helena Buescu Universidade Clássica de Lisboa, Portugal Isabel Pires de Lima Universidade do Porto, Portugal Isabel Santa-Clara Gomes Universidade da Madeira, Portugal José Augusto Bernardes Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal Lucia Boldrini Goldsmiths, University of London, UK Manuel Ferro Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal Maria Cristina Pimentel Universidade Clássica de Lisboa, Portugal Maria de Fátima Marinho Universidade do Porto, Portugal Maria do Céu Fraga Universidade dos Açores, Portugal Maria Luísa Leal Universidade de Extremadura, España Maria Teresa Nascimento Universidade da Madeira, Portugal Maria Zina Abreu Universidade da Madeira, Portugal Marina Grishakova University of Tartu, Estonia Ofélia Paiva Monteiro Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal Rita Marnoto Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal

8 Comissão Organizadora Organizing Committee Comité d'organisation Maria Teresa Nascimento Universidade da Madeira, Portugal Coordenação Coordination Coordination Ana Margarida Falcão Universidade da Madeira, Portugal Bernardo Vasconcelos Universidade da Madeira, Portugal Carlos Valente Universidade da Madeira, Portugal Isabel Santa Clara Gomes Universidade da Madeira, Portugal Maria Teresa Nascimento Universidade da Madeira, Portugal Secretariado Secretariat Sécretariat Marco Livramento Apoio Técnico Technical support Support Technique Énio Freitas Universidade da Madeira, Portugal 8

9 CONFERÊNCIA INAUGURAL KEYNOTE ADDRESS CONFÉRENCE INAUGURALE

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11 KN-01 Comunidades e as suas imagens, relações e usos culturais. Proposta dos conceitos de sustentabilidade e afetividade identitárias. Elias J. Torres Feijó Grupo Galabra Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. eliasjtorres@gmail.com Os textos literários são também fabricadores de ideias; eles incidem ou espelham aspectos da cultura (entendido a cultura no sentido desenvolvido por I. Lotman ou I. Even-Zohar); partimos de uma hipótese geral: os textos literários expressam problemas, simpatias ou desejos em relação a espaços geográficos, e a espaços geo-humanos e geo-culturais; no caso concreto das ilhas, é comum elas aparecerem com singularidades (da insularidade) que salientam a sua maior vulnerabilidade em relação a outros espaços em que os fluxos e os continuums territoriais podem permitir maior proteção das singularidades ou dos elementos identitários ou próprios. Objetos de desejo para o forâneo, as ilhas podem, por exemplo, ver-se afetadas por assentamentos de pessoas estrangeiras relativamente maciços. Sob estas considerações, podemos estabelecer um plano de trabalho, sustentado também na antropologia e na sociologia, que nos permita saber se existem paralelos entre o discurso literário e as práticas sociais; e conhecer em que medida pessoas potencial ou realmente destinatárias destes textos elaboram as suas perspetivas e práticas em função de repertórios daqueles; como também se as pessoas que habitam esses espaços insulares funcionam ou calculam as suas práticas de maneira similar ou não a que determinada elite cultural elabora. O conjunto destes discursos e práticas pode levar a considerar aspectos relativos à manutenção das comunidades e/ou das suas atividades ou a alterações em que (setores da) comunidade tendam a não reconhecer-se, ficarem excluíd@s, etc. Isto tudo apresenta um corolário, que se oferece como instrumento metodológico para a análise e, também, planificador: as noções de sustentabilidade idenetitária e de afetividade identitária; com isto, queremos colocar (e tentar responder) algumas perguntas: é possível e como falar destes conceitos? Respondem (setores de) as comunidades a atuações vinculadas a identidades ou sentimentos não necessariamente harmonizadas com razões económicas, por exemplo? Quais as aplicações destes conceitos? Pode a análise de textos literários e o estudo de práticas culturais dar luz sobre estes assuntos?

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13 EIXOS DE REFLEXÃO LINES OF REFLETION RÉFLEXION DES INTERVENANTS

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15 O modo pelo qual a memória cultural e os fluxos migratórios entre ilhas e continentes intervêm ao nível da (re)construção identitária The way in which cultural memory or migratory fluxes among islands and Continents intervene at the level of the (re)construction of identity La façon dont la mémoire culturelle et les flux migratoires entre îles et continents interviennent au niveau de la (re) construction identitaire

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17 OC-035 The shoreline and beyond. Sciascia on Sicily Walter Geerts University of Antwerp, Italian Studies, Belgium. Sicilian authors, without exception, are obsessed by their island and eagerly have been translating their obsession into literature. It can be said without exaggeration that, for each of them, the island became a mould for the world. As a result, horizontal expansion of the playing field being limited, each writer had to select a paradigm to delve into the insular content, vertically and with great depth. No other solution was at hand for the exclusiveness of their monomaniacal literary penchant. Such compulsive fascination for their home-(is)land gave shape to a long list of distinctive literary personae. Many a writer was attracted by the island s rich and vibrant history. Among them, Leonardo Sciascia ( ). Sciascia novels disclose Sicily s history by unearthing those episodes, both real and fictionalized, that illuminate the present. The author s take on the past his own past and the isle s is philosophically, sometimes politically, inspired. Insularity also takes on some paradoxical aspects: the more autonomy affirms itself, the more internal divisions tear apart the isle s ancestral social constituencies. The more they are on their own, the more they are threatened by an impendent humiliating dependency. I would like to illustrate some aspects of such paradoxical traits starting from Sciascia s 1963 novel The Council of Egypt, involving another Mediterranean island loaded with history, Malta. 17

18 OC-043 Indigenous and Exploited Caribbean Tastes in Daniel Defoe s and Michelle Cliff s Novels Kaisa Ilmonen & Aino Mäkikalli Comparative Literature, University of Turku, Finland. kailmo@utu.fi, ainmak@utu.fi This joint paper ( mins) deals with the politics of food cultures in the Caribbean islands represented in Daniel Defoe s ( ) and Michelle Cliff s (1946 ) novels. Our cases concern Daniel Defoe's colonial island representation in Robinson Crusoe, vols 1 2 (1719) and Michelle Cliff's postcolonial depictions in Abeng (1984) and No Telephone to Heaven (1987). In Robinson Crusoe we come across with a modern western myth, a survival story of an Englishman alone on a Caribbean island. Ultimately, he establishes there a colony with a sugar plantation in order to trade with the mother nation. Crusoe feels to be the owner of the island and as he is able to survive, in volume II, The Farther adventures of Robinson Crusoe, he brings in more people to populate and sugar canes to plant the island. From our perspective Crusoe thus exploits the local nature and cultivation and sees the island space from the perspective of the mother nation. The raw material of Caribbean taste, the sugar cane, is thereby radically transformed into a symbol of exploitation and abuse. In Michelle Cliff s novels, on the other hand, food is used as a symbol of indigenous resistance. Fruits and other island produce signify the symbols of lost history and colonized tradition. Furthermore, in No Telephone to Heaven Caribbean scents and flavors operate as the locus of displaced identities for the migrant characters. Our aim is to consider the political and the poetical meanings of Caribbean tastes in order to rethink the material symbols for insular subjectivities. In general, our presentation reaches the ways food, flavors, and culinary experiences may tell something essential about our history and present as well as our means of creating social communities or constituting the sense of belonging. 18

19 OC-117 Imagining Space in Baltic Exile Life Writing Leena Kurvet-Käosaar University of Tartu. Estonian Literary Museum. Exile life-writing in general can be characterized by movement, dislocation, or as André Aciman has formulated it, a state of permanent transience (1999: 13) that frequently embraces a large number of places and geographical locations. Although it may be ultimately impossible to realize, exilic representations of lives on the move also make visible attempts to create spaces of belonging, often tied to a concrete place and/or geographical location. In my presentation, I will focus on two works of life writing by Baltic exiles: Otsekui tõlkes (As if in Translation, 2004) by Käbi Laretei, the daughter of an outstanding Estonian politician who emigrated to Sweden after the outbreak of WW II and later became a world-reknown concert pianist, and Geography and the Art of Life (2004) by Edmunds Valdemārs Bunkše who left Latvia with his family as a young child, ended up in the USA and later worked as a professor cultural geography at the the University of Delaware. In her work, Laretei explores the position of an exile primarily through interpersonal relationships and the role of music in finding her place in life and Bunkse, whose work is both a memoir and a theoretical reflection in the field of cultural geography, reflects upon ways in which spatial imagination quides the formation of (exilic identity). In my analysis, I will focus on the the role the thematization of insularity and (inter)continentality plays in Laterei s and Bunkse s wife writing and how it relates to questions of exile identity and self-representation. 19

20 OC-038 The Woman-as-Witch in Old and New England: in a flight of fancy from Pendle to Salem Inês Tadeu Gonçalves Centre of Arts and Humanities, University of Madeira. dratadeu@uma.pt In the Lancaster Assizes of 1612, the majority of those accused of the crime of witchcraft were from Pendle Forrest, in Lancashire England. The chief accuser was the nine-year-old Jennet Device, who identified all the accused as having been present in a meeting of witches or Sabbath, at Malkin Tower. Eighty years later and across the fishpond, Elizabeth Paris 9, daughter of Salem Village s Puritan Minister Samuel Parris, and the Minister s eleven-year-old niece, Abigail Williams, lead the group of child accusers of the Salem Witch trials of 1692, in Massachusetts, New England. Accusatorial evidence provided by anyone, including children, became admissible in court, mainly due to King James I s Daemonologie (1597) and his views on the nature of the crime of witchcraft. The admissibility of this kind of evidence in English witchcraft trials was further divulged by the Country Justice (1618), a guide of court proceedings later also used by New England magistrates. This paper will briefly analyse the way in which Protestant belief in the covenant between humans and the devil, along with the English folk beliefs in magic and witchcraft, migrated to the New World and survived as part of the cultural memory the Puritan settlers brought from old England. Indeed, it flourished in America, especially in the Puritan villages of New England, where ministers and magistrates had access to the writings of fundamental English demonologists and theologians. It was with them that the English Witch was transformed into the Puritan New England Witch, as cultural stereotypes. 20

21 OC-060 Réception et libération: les rapports littéraires franco-irlandais au tournant du 20 e siècle Brigitte Le Juez Dublin City University, School of Applied Language and Intercultural Studies (SALIS), Irlande. brigitte.lejuez@dcu.ie L Irlande, en tant qu île, a toujours fasciné l imaginaire français de manière typique aux fantasmes rattachés à l idée de jardin idéal (sa verdure et ses doux agneaux), de paysage romantique sur fond de mer démontée, mais aussi de lieu habité par un peuple fier et prêt à se battre pour son indépendance. Ces aspects sont maintenant repris diversement par les agences de tourisme et les artistes (les Irlandais eux-mêmes en jouent parfois). Derrière le fantasme se cache pourtant une réalité bien connue, celle d une culture pratiquement annihilée par une nation colonisatrice. Pendant cinq siècles, en effet, la Grande-Bretagne assujettit l Irlande, lui refusant les droits les plus fondamentaux concernant son identité, comme celui de s exprimer dans sa langue ancestrale, de pratiquer ses rites religieux, mais tentant aussi de lui ôter sa dignité humaine. Loin d appartenir à ces îles où l on vient se réfugier, l Irlande fut longtemps le lieu d où l on partait, définitivement. A partir de la fin du 19 e siècle, certains écrivains commencèrent à lutter, par le biais de leur art, contre les stéréotypes dont leur condition de colonisés les avaient affublés (ivrognes, incapables, bestiaux). Ils ne cherchèrent pas à reconquérir le gaélique, pas plus qu ils n eurent cure de l Eglise catholique ; ils n appartenaient pas non plus à quelque mouvement révolutionnaire que ce soit. Ils se tournèrent intellectuellement vers l ennemi héréditaire de l Angleterre : la France. Les Français n avaient en effet pas de visées politiques ou économiques envers les Irlandais. Ils avaient au contraire essayé, sans succès, de combattre à leurs côtés contre les Anglais. Cette amitié avait porté ses fruits, militairement, dans divers moments de rébellion, de part et d autre. Culturellement, les Irlandais étaient donc plutôt francophiles. La connaissance d une langue continentale, le français, devint alors le moyen, pour la génération de la fin du 19 e -début du 20 e, c est-à-dire pré-révolution irlandaise, d accéder à une autre forme d expression littéraire (en particulier celle de Flaubert), phénomène qui allait donner naissance non seulement à une parole délivrée du carcan colonial et fondamentalement innovante (moderniste, comme celle de Joyce), mais aussi à des œuvres qui, loin d être insulaires, conservent une renommée internationale. Cette communication se propose de démontrer, par une étude de réception, l interaction particulière et bénéfique entre deux cultures, l une îlienne et l autre continentale, fonctionnant sur un plan artistique, dépourvu de critères hiérarchiques, et donc libérateur. 21

22 OC-028 L île Maurice et son identité: entre représentation du trauma et devoir de mémoire dans Les Rochers de Poudre d or de Nathacha Appanah. Sonia Dosoruth Université de Maurice, Département de français, Île Maurice. swdosoruth@yahoo.com La notion du double a longtemps marqué l esprit des Mauriciens. Entre l attirance perpétuelle pour la «Mère Inde» (Mother India) des immigrants d origine indienne et l envie de ceux issus des 3 ème et 4 ème générations pour une construction identitaire qui se serait débarrassée des caractéristiques calquées sur le passé, l ambivalence est constante. Il s agit là d un moyen de se battre pour affirmer son identité. Dans l île Maurice du XIX e siècle, coups de fouet, plaies enduites de sel, coolies (immigrants) attachés nus à des cactus ou couverts de sucre et prêts à la morsure de fourmis, étaient monnaie courante. Comment alors étouffer cela en s interdisant de dire cette violence subie comme si ce silence forcé masquerait la plaie infligée aux immigrants? Représenter le trauma est donc, pour Nathacha Appanah, un moyen de revivre cette mémoire de l horreur. Si l affirmation de l identité s apparente également à un devoir de mémoire, la fiction historiographique agit comme sa représentation pluridimensionnelle. L écrivaine devient ainsi porte-parole de ce qui a été transmis de manière tacite, dans l inconscient collectif. En immortalisant le douloureux passé, l écriture - ce besoin vital - ne crée pas de véritable mise à distance avec la réalité: l Atlas, ce navire où furent entassés, à fond de cale, les Indiens à destination de Maurice, la traversée du Kala Pani (la mer noire), ou encore, croire en l obtention de l or en soulevant des rochers, l attestent. Pour autant, l esthétique de l écriture, diminuerait-elle la dimension de la souffrance physique et psychologique vécue? Où est la marque frontalière entre l écriture de l interdit et le devoir de mémoire? Peut-on être en train d induire le lectorat en erreur en y ajoutant une part de réflexion somme toute objective? 22

23 OC-022 L Archipel caribéen espace mouvant d un pluriel archipélagique Audrey Debibakas Attachée Temporaire à l Enseignement et à la Recherche à l Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Guyane. audreydebibakas@hotmail.fr A l assurance d un monde stable et de lieux enracinés, le corpus choisi (Amour, colère et folie de Marie Vieux Chauvet et La case du commandeur d Edouard Glissant et Tambour Babel d Ernest Pépin) interrogera des œuvres désa/encrées, décentrées, mouvantes à l image de la seule science qui étudie elle-même les variations terrestres. Lieu et localisation, espaces inflexibles et immuables deviennent dès lors mouvants, désaxés, déconstruits et délocalisés. L Archipel n est plus seulement ce regroupement d îles mais devient reflet de l émiettement, de l éclatement et de la poussière d îles disséminées dans l infini de l océan. Ce n est plus cet espace stable et immobile qui poussera l intérêt de cette recherche mais plutôt l entre-deux, le passage entre ces espaces intersticiels improbables et insaisissables rendus possibles et concrétisés par la dissémination archipélique. Lieux géographiques certes, mais également productions narratives imageant l indétermination et l oscillation permanente que concrétisera une écriture de l entre-deux, comme en suspend. L archipel est composé de mondes de terres et de mondes d eau; des lieux mais aussi des nœuds. Etant donné la conjonction de paradigmes de l archipel, nous nous intéresserons à sa structure «insularisée». Sur l addition de ses îles singulières, se forme une unité qui fait de l archipel, un organisme en croissance où toutes les parties sont solidaires d un système de représentation sans cesser d être, en chacune, originales. Si le corpus choisi a dans un premier temps été choisi par rapport à son insularité, la thématique évoluera et s étendra non plus sur un morceau de terre réduit mais au contraire sur l archipélisation du territoire, sur le passage d îles en îles que suggère la disposition géographique de l archipel. Abolies les distances géographiques, les mondes communiquent allégoriquement. Le lieu cesse d être un centre géographique stable pour entretenir une relation flottante au monde d où la notion d archipélité. 23