CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF UBATUBA BAY, NORTHERN COAST OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL

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1 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF UBATUBA BAY 23 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF UBATUBA BAY, NORTHERN COAST OF SÃO PAULO STATE, BRAZIL MANTELATTO, F. L. M. 1 nd FRANSOZO, A. 2 1 Deprtmento de Biologi, FFCLRP, Universidde de São Pulo, Cmpus de Rieirão Preto, CEP , Rieirão Preto, SP, Brzil 2 Deprtmento de Zoologi, Instituto de Biociêncis, UNESP, Cmpus de Botuctu, C.P. 2, CEP , Botuctu, SP, Brzil Correspondence to: Fernndo Luis Medin Mnteltto, Deprtmento de Biologi, FFCLRP, Universidde de São Pulo, Cmpus de Rieirão Preto, CEP , Rieirão Preto, SP, Brzil, e-mil: flmntel@spider.usp.r Received Septemer 17, 1997 Accepted Octoer 6, 1998 Distriuted Ferury 23, 1999 (With 3 figures) ABSTRACT The ojective of the present study is to chrcterize the physicl nd chemicl environmentl prmeters of Utu By (SP), s susidy for studies of the composition nd distriution of enthic crustcens which live on the non-consolidted sulittorl ottom of this re. Depth, temperture, slinity, dissolved oxygen, orgnic content nd grnulometric composition of the sediments were mesured monthly from Septemer/9 to August/96 in eight sures of the y. The y presents n verge depth of 9.3 m nd is chrcterized y the following nnul men vlues for the hydrologic fctors: temperture 23.8 o C, slinity 33.2 nd dissolved oxygen.11 mg/l. The nnul men for the orgnic mtter content of the y ottom sediments ws 11.8 nd most sures presented grin size composition dominted y pelitic sediments. These peculir iotic chrcteristics re very importnt for the reproduction nd development principlly of rchyurn nd nomurn crs, nd shrimps which hve close reltionship with those sustrtes. Key words: Crustce, environmentl fctors, sediment, orgnic content, Utu, Brzil. RESUMO Crcterizção dos prâmetros físicos e químicos d Ensed de Utu, litorl norte de São Pulo, Brsil O presente trlho ojetivou crcterizção de lguns prâmetros físicos e químicos d Ensed de Utu (SP), como susídio pr estudos sore composição e distriuição de inverterdos entônicos ssocidos o sustrto não-consoliddo dest áre, lém de servir pr comprções com cenários futuros d região. Form estelecids oito suáres pr mostrgem dos prâmetros mientis (profundidde, tempertur, slinidde e teor de oxigênio dissolvido n águ, teor de mtéri orgânic e grnulometri do sedimento de fundo). Em tods suáres s colets form efetuds menslmente, durnte três dis consecutivos, de setemro de 199 gosto de As mostrs de águ form coletds com um Grrf de Nnsen e o sedimento de fundo com um pegdor do tipo Vn Veen (1/4 m 2 ). Os vlores médios dos prâmetros encontrdos n Ensed form: profundidde (9,3 ± 3,66 m), tempertur (23,8 ±,62 o C), teor de oxigênio dissolvido (,11 ±,29 mg/l), slinidde (33,2 ±,3 ) e teor de mtéri orgânic (11,8 ±,3). Qunto à grnulometri, houve predomínio ds rei fin e muito fin. Entre s suáres, pode-se consttr diferençs significtivs n profundidde, no teor de oxigênio dissolvido, no teor de mtéri orgânic e n grnulometri do sedimento. Os vlores encontrdos permite-nos crcterizá-l como um ensed com um pdrão semelhnte às djcentes, ms com prâmetros hidrológicos e sedimentológicos fortemente este- Rev. Brsil. Biol., 9(1): 23-31

2 24 MANTELLATO, F. L. M. AND FRANSOZO, A. lecidos e evidentes, fvoráveis à reprodução, estelecimento e o desenvolvimento de inverterdos entônicos, principlmente, crnguejos, siris, ermitões e cmrões. Plvrs-chve: Crustce, ftores mientis, sedimento, conteúdo orgânico, Utu, Brsil. INTRODUCTION The northern São Pulo Stte costline, with mny ys nd inlets, provide n dequte living condition for severl species of crustcens. Physicl nd chemicl dt on the Utu region re importnt for its monitoring, since significnt nthropogenic ctivity during the lst ten yers hve reveled growing expnsion of the touristic industry, with consequent introduction of undesirle products such s untreted domestic sewges nd industril wstes, s well s, oil lekges into costl wters. According to Plácio (1982), this region comprises the internl or costl portion of the São Pulo Stte Biogeogrphic Province, zone of funl trnsition chrcterized y complex sesonl environmentl vritions giving rise to n endemic fun, djcent to the provinces of the Crien nd of Ptgonin Provinces, nd lso including circumtropicl orgnisms. According to Pires (1992), crustcens dominted y crs represent pproximtely 66 to 9 of the enthic fun living in the inner continentl shelf of the northern São Pulo Stte. Utu By (23 26'S nd 4 2'W) is locted djcent to the town of Utu, Stte of São Pulo northern costline. The re includes eight pocket eches delimited y rocky promontories. The totl re of the y is out 8 km 2, with width of out 4. km t the entrnce nd diminishing lndwrd. Four smll rivers flow into this y (Indiá River, Grnde River, Lgo River nd Acrú River), which proly supply orgnic mtter nd reduce wter slinity. Among the Stte of São Pulo northern costline, Utu By is importnt, ecuse its loction ner the touristic center of Utu, its fishing potentil, nd ecuse it is considered s prdigmtic preservtion re. This slightly ltered nturl condition will permit to use this y s stndrd for comprison with other res strongly influenced y nthropogenic impct in Brzil. The distriution of these crustcens is known to e influenced y severl environmentl fctors, which my led to the occuption of mny different environments, or my e restricted to some loclized res. Thus, ech orgnism occupies given spce in which the physicl, chemicl nd iotic environmentl conditions insure t lest the minimum necessry for its survivl (Mnteltto et l., 199). However, the distriution oundries of the mrine fun re determined y the ction of complex environmentl fctors in ll stges of their life cycles. This impirs elortion nd often understnding of their distriution ptterns, which re determined y set of interrelted fctors. According to Negreiros-Frnsozo et l. (1991), the distriution nd occurrence of certin species of decpod crustcens, in y, seem to hve close reltionship with some prmeters, such s wter qulity, including temperture, slinity, dissolved oxygen nd orgnic mtter contents, nd depth, s well s, sustrte grin size, currents, food vilility, nd sheltering degree. In this respect, previous studies on São Pulo Stte costline were done y Mgliocc & Kutner (1964, 196), Tommsi (1967, 197), Forneris (1969) nd Areu (198). The ojective of the present study is to chrcterize Utu By (SP) in terms of some physicl nd chemicl prmeters, s susidy for future studies on ioecology of enthic crustcens tht live on the non-consolidted sustrte of this region. MATERIAL AND METHODS Every monthly smplings were mde in ech sure over period during three consecutive dys from Septemer/199 to August/1996. For the smpling purposes the y ws divided into eight sures, situted t different distnces from the mouth of the y, presence or sence of rocky cliff or sndy ech long the oundries, y degree of influence of fresh wter inflow, y depth, orgnic mtter content nd y grin size composition of the ottom surfce sediments. Ech sure is 1 km long, nd the smpling sttions Rev. Brsil. Biol., 9(1): 23-31

3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF UBATUBA BAY 2 were determined y GPS (Glol Positioning System) (Fig. 1). The wter smples were collected from the ottom using Nnsen ottle, which llowed to record simultneously wter temperture, slinity, nd the mount of dissolved oxygen. The temperture ( C) ws mesured with thermometer ttched to the ottle nd slinity ( ) using n opticl refrctometer Atgo S/1. The mount of dissolved oxygen (mg/l) ws clculted y the Winckler method proposed y Goltermn & Clymo (1969), nd modified y the ddition of zide. Depth ws mesured in ech smpling sttion using grduted rope tht ws ttched to the Vn-Veen gr smpler (1/4 m 2 ) used for smpling sediment. In the lortory, out g of sediment were dried t 7 C during 72 hours, splitted into liquots nd sumitted to the orgnic mtter nd grin size nlyses. The Wenthworth (1922) scle ws used for the grin size nlyses. The fi (men dimeter) vlue ws used ccording to Suguio (1973) to clculte the centrl sediment tendency The orgnic mtter contents () were otined y sh-weighting: 3 liquots of 1 g ech per sure per month were plced in porcelin cruciles nd sumitted for period of 3 hours t C nd the smples were then weighted gin. 3' 28' o 23 26' 24' Brzil Lgo River São Pulo Grnde River Acuru River Utu 8 6 1km Indiá River 7 Pier 3 4 W UBATUBA BAY N S 2 E 1 o 24' 23 26' 28' 3' 6' 4' 2' 4 o Fig. 1 Mp of Utu By with indiction of the sures. Rev. Brsil. Biol., 9(1): 23-31

4 26 MANTELLATO, F. L. M. AND FRANSOZO, A. The environmentl prmeters from eight sures were compred y ANOVA (P <.). Person coefficient ws clculted used to check reltionships etween the solute vlues of ech environmentl fctor studied. RESULTS Tles 1 nd 2 nd in Figs. 2 nd 3 summrize results for environmentl fctors. Slinity, temperture nd dissolved oxygen did not exhiit remrkle differences mong the studied sures. Sure 8, ner the river region, hd the lowest men slinity in the y. Dissolved oxygen ws lowest in sure 3. The men temperture of ottom wter presented similr chnge pttern every yer, with mrked drop in winter, lthough the lowest solute vlue ws recorded in Decemer (17. o C). Depth ws different mong sures, except etween sures nd 6. The highest orgnic mtter content ws mesured t sttions 3, 4, nd 6, which significntly differed from the others. Sediment texture vried in the frctions, with ech individul re showing few chnges in grnulometry during the study period. The centrl tendency of the grnulometric frctions led to the following groupings: sures were similr in terms of the high percentge of frctions of smller dimeter, especilly very fine snd; sures 3-6 showed predominnce of fine snd, nd sures 4- showed predominnce of medium snd. TABLE 1 Mximum, minimum nd men vlues nd stndrd devition of the environmentl fctors recorded monthly from Septemer/9 to August/96 in ech sure. Sures Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) ±.33 (.32/4.32) 2.18 ±.78 (6.7/3.9) ±.82 (.89/3.28) 4.23 ±.4 (.9/4.62).1 ±.4 (6.41/4.73) 6.18 ±.64 (.83/3.99) ±.8 (6.18/3.3) 8.47 ±.6 (6.81/4.39) TOTAL.11 ±.29 (6.81/3.28) Slinity ( ) 33.8 ± 1. (3.8/31.3) 33.3 ± 1.63 (3.3/3.) 33.4 ± 1.7 (3.7/29.3) 33.3 ± 1.73 (3.3/29.7) 33.1 ± 1.92 (3.3/29.7) 33.2 ± 1.77 (3.3/29.7) 33. ± 1.88 (3.3/29.) 32. ± 1.94 (3./28.3) 33.2 ±.3 (3.8/28.3) Depth (m) 16.6 ±.89 (18./14.7) 11.4 ±.62 (12.3/1.2) 1.7 ±.72 (11.8/9.) c 9. ± 1. (11.8/8.) d 7.9 ± 1.11 (1.3/.8) e 7.6 ±.2 (8.3/6.8) e 7.3 ±.42 (8./6.2) f 3.1 ±.31 (3.7/2.) g 9.3 ± 3.66 (18./2.) Men vlues followed y t lest one sme letter in the column did not differ significntly (P <.). Orgnic mtter content ().6 ±.1 (19.2/1.9).4 ± 2.91 (12./2.) 13.2 ± 1.47 (1.8/1.6) 18. ± 9.28 (29./4.).3 ± 6.3 (3.2/8.) 14.6 ± 2.11 (17.6/1.9) 6.1 ± 2.31 (9.9/2.2) 7. ± 1. (1./.3) 11.3 ±.71 (3.2/1.9) Rev. Brsil. Biol., 9(1): 23-31

5 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF UBATUBA BAY 27 TABLE 2 Mximum, minimum nd men vlues nd stndrd devition of the environmentl fctors recorded monthly from Septemer/9 to August /96. Months Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) Sep/9.44 ±.71 (6.29/4.) Oct/9.8 ±. (.74/4.22) Nov/9.12 ±.8 (.93/3.38) Dec/9.4 ±.49 (.9/4.32) Jn/ ±.7 (./3.28) c Fe/ ±.6 (.43/3.9) c Mr/96.9 ±.67 (6.81/4.68) cd Apr/ ±.44 (.14/3.9) c My/96.28 ±. (.72/4.8) Jun/ ±.47 (4.81/3.3) cde Jul/96.9 ±.39 (.9/4.19) Aug/96.46 ±.19 (.87/.21) Temperture ( oc) Slinity ( ) 22. ±.47 (23.1/21.) 22. ±.36 (23.2/21.9) 23. ±.71 (2./22.8) 22.2 ± 2.61 (26.2/17.3) 26.6 ±.46 (27.6/2.9) 27.9 ±.81 (29./26.) 27.4 ± 1.4 (28.6/2.) 26.1 ±.24 (26.4/2.7) 23. ±.8 (24./21.9) 23.1 ±.23 (23.7/23.).2 ±.2 (.7/19.8) c 19.6 ±.33 (.1/19.2) cd 31.6 ±.7 (32.7/3.7) 32.7 ±.34 (33.2/32.) 29.6 ±.81 (31.3/28.3) c 31. ±.4 (32.2/31.) 3.3 ±.3 (3.7/34.) cd 31.8 ±.81 (32.7/3.) 34. ±.38 (3./33.7) cde 3.2 ±.2 (3.8/3.) cd 32.7 ±.9 (34.3/31.) 34.4 ±.1 (34.7/34.2) cde 34.6 ±.8 (3.3/33.8) cde 34.2 ±.4 (34.8/33.) cde Men vlues followed y t lest one sme letter in the column did not differ significntly (P <.). Orgnic mtter content () 13.7 ± 8. (26.3/2.) 17. ± 8.36 (3.2/9.9) 12.9 ± 9.41 (27.8/3.3) 1.6 ± 7.7 (23./2.2) 11.3 ± 7.63 (27.3/2.2) 11.9 ± 7.8 (27.1/2.2) 8.9 ± 6.11 (21.2/1.9) 11. ± 7.88 (27.4/3.4) 1. ± 6.36 (23.8/3.8) 9.3 ± 3.6 (14.2/.3) 1.7 ± 4.94 (19.2/3.8) 1.1 ± 6.24 (23.4/2.) Rev. Brsil. Biol., 9(1): 23-31

6 28 MANTELLATO, F. L. M. AND FRANSOZO, A. 9 8 Sure Sure Sure Sure Sure Sure Sure Sure Fig. 2 Men frequency of grnulometric frctions () for the collecting sures in Utu By, during the period from Septemer/9 to August/96 (G = grvel; VCS = very corse snd; CS = corse snd; MS = medium snd; FS = fine snd; VFS = very fine snd; SC = silt + cly). Rev. Brsil. Biol., 9(1): 23-31

7 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF UBATUBA BAY 29 φ φ SC VFS FS MS Sures Fig. 3 Centrl tendency of sediment y men dimeter (fi) for the collecting sures in Utu By during the period from Septemer/9 to August/96 (MS = medium snd; FS = fine snd; VFS = very fine snd; SC = silt + cly). The frequencies of grin sizes chnged in different sures ut, during the study period, they remined lmost unchnged within prticulr sure. In generl, the sustrte of this y is chrcterized y fine sediments (<.2 mm) t ll sttions, except for sures 4 nd. Tle 3 shows the correltion coefficients etween physicl nd chemicl prmeters. It ws oserved significnt inverse reltionship etween corser sediments prticles nd the orgnic mtter content nd significnt direct reltionship etween finer sediments, slinity nd depth, nd etween slinity nd depth. Dissolved oxygen, slinity nd depth presented direct reltionship with finer sediments nd temperture ws correlted with frctions of intermedite dimeter. Sediment grin size ws inversely relted to slinity nd depth. DISCUSSION In generl, environmentl prmeters of Utu By showed vlues similr to the previous studies crried out y Forneris (1969) in Flmengo By nd y Areu (198) nd Negreiros- Frnsozo et l. (1991) in Fortlez By, in the sme region. Temperture does not represent n importnt fctor to differentite etween sures, ecuse Utu By is too smll, nd chrcterized y intense wter circultion. However, even in limited re such s this y, there re chnges in slinity from one site to nother, eing especilly lower close to river mouths nd during riny sesons (summer). Dissolved oxygen lso showed only slight differences etween the sures of Utu By, lwys out the sturtion point. Cstro-Filho et l. (1987) found three following wter msses in the Utu region: South Atlntic Centrl Wter (SACW), Tropicl Wter (TW), nd Costl Wter (CW). These wter msses interct to modify the temperture, slinity nd nourishment condition during the sesons. According to Pires (1992), CW nd SACW interct, giving rise to mixing zone vrile in time nd spce ccording to the SACW penetrtion intensity. SACW wter mss hs strong influence on the se temperture ner the ottom, specilly on the inner shelf during summer times. In Utu By, this influence ws oserved in sure 1, during Decemer/9, when its temperture (17. o C) ws lower thn tht oserved in winter. SACW penetrtion over the shelf cuses the migrtion of certin species to other regions, including the shrimp Xiphopeneus kroyeri ( cmrão sete-rs ), replced y other shrimp typicl from cold regions, such s Pleoticus muelleri nd Artemesi longinris (Cost, 1997). In this study, orgnic mtter contents of the sustrte were much higher (out 12) thn those Rev. Brsil. Biol., 9(1): 23-31

8 3 MANTELLATO, F. L. M. AND FRANSOZO, A. reported for other res of Utu region (Forneris, 1969; Areu, 198; Negreiros-Frnsozo et l., 1991). Since this fctor is known to ply n essentil role on enthic crustcens distriution, it supports the initil ide tht the iotic condition of this y fvor the development nd estlishment of enthic invertertes, confirming reports y other uthors (Tommsi, 1967; Amrl, 198; Monteiro, 1987; Ishikw, 1989; Frnsozo et l., 1992; Sntos et l., 1994; Mnteltto et l., 199). According to Vernerg & Vernerg (197), environmentl prmeters with most mrked vrition in given re re commonly considered to e the mjor limiting fctor of distriution. Our results on grin size distriution of ottom surfce sediments permitted us to group the smpling sttions: 1, 2, 7 nd 8 chrcterized y very fine snd; 3 nd 6 y fine snd nd 4 nd y medium snd. According to Negreiros- Frnsozo et l. (1991), the distriution of different types of sediments on y ottom surfce is controlled y currents. Field oservtions (wves intensity nd extent, wve uoy movements, fishing sites, entrnce nd exit of fishing ship from y nd, scu diving) concerning wter flow nd deposition of different prticles in the sures permitted us to infer the existence of strong circultion of wter msses, with predominnt inflow reching susequently the following sures: According to Mnteltto (personl communiction), sures 4 nd re reproductive sites with high occurrence of ovigerous femles of Brchyur nd Anomur, suggesting tht this my e fvorle re for sewrd lrvl dispersl. More detiled studies on lrvl dispersion in this re re eing plnned in order to elucidte this mechnism. According to Moore (198), sites with sustrtes minly constituted y finer sediments hve greter orgnic mtter content thn y corser sediments, nd this is the mjor determinnt fctor of mount of life tht cn e supported t the site. However, this study reveled n ssocition minly of the corser grnulometric frctions (grvel nd snd) with orgnic mtter content even though the ltter should e correlted with the silt + cly frction. Although these contrsting fctors hve een oserved, we my stte tht the phenomenon is not of cuse-effect type. Oservtion mde during smpling nd lortory nlyses suggests tht the high orgnic mtter contents found in sures 4 nd my e due to prticles from sure 6, which is considered to e the mjor zone of deposition, of domestic sewge supplied through the Lgo River. As the wter of those sites is considered to e less competent when compred to the other sttions, this mteril is deposited on ottom surfces of these sures. TABLE 3 Correltion mtrix for the physicl nd chemicl fctors in Utu By (n = 22) (G = grvel; VCS = very corse snd; CS = corse snd; MS = medium snd; FS = fine snd; VFS = very fine snd; SC = silt + cly; DO = dissolved oxygen; T = temperture; S = slinity; D = depth; OC = orgnic mtter content). Fctors DO T S D VCS.1* CS.1*.1* MS.6*.*.1* FS.4*.3*.42*.1* VFS -.1** -.1** -.1** -.1** -.1** SC -.3** -.22** -.** -.28** -.38** -.14 OD T S D * -.41** **.2* OC.2*.47*.1*.1*.4* -.6** * The pir(s) of vriles with positive correltion coefficients tend to increse together (P <.). ** To the pir(s) with negtive correltion coefficients one vrile tends to decrese while the other increses (P <.). Rev. Brsil. Biol., 9(1): 23-31

9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF UBATUBA BAY 31 Furthermore, iogenic frgments minly consisting of remins of polychete, mollusks, crustcens nd echinoderms, re frequently ssocited with inorgnic constituents, contriuting to the increse in orgnic mtter content. According to Mgliocc & Kutner (1964), the mount of orgnic mtter deposited on the ottom sediment reflects the locl hydrodynmic conditions. Ares with greter supply of orgnic mtter my indirectly influence the presence of enthic crustcens in enefit of other levels of the food chin, thus enriching the pelgic system, with clerly visile repercussion on the enthic system (González-Gurrirán & Olso, 1987). We elieve tht the sedimentologic prmeters (texture nd orgnic content) re the most importnt gents responsile for the distriution nd mintennce of the dynmics of enthic invertertes in this y. Depth nd wter msses lso mke contriution, ut on secondry plne. Acknowledgments The uthors re grteful to the Fundção de Ampro à Pesquis do Estdo de São Pulo (FAPESP) (Grnt # 9/2833-) for finncil support nd to the NEBECC coworkers for their help field nd lortory works, nd to the grdute students Elini Silv, Giovn Bertini, João Góes, Jussr Mrtinelli, Lissndr Fernndes- Góes, Rodrigo Cstro, Rogério Cost nd Vlter Coo. REFERENCES ABREU, J., 198, Distriuição e ecologi dos Decpod num áre esturin de Utu (SP). Bolm. Inst. Ocenogr., 29(2): 1-3. AMARAL, A. C. Z., 198, Anelídeos poliquetos do infrlitorl em dus enseds d região de Utu. 1. Crcterístics iótics ds enseds. Bolm. Inst. Ocenogr., 29(1): CASTRO-FILHO, B. M., MIRANDA, L. B. & MYAO, S. Y., 1987, Condições hidrográfics n pltform continentl o lrgo de Utu: vrições szonis e em médi escl. Bolm. Inst. Ocenogr., 3(2): COSTA, R. C., 1997, Composição e pdrões distriucionis dos cmrões Peneoide (Crustce: Decpod), n Ensed de Utu, Utu (SP). Unpulished M.Sc. thesis, Botuctu, São Pulo, Brsil: UNESP, 129pp. FORNERIS, L., 1969, Fun entônic d Bí do Flmengo, Utu, SP: spectos ecológicos. Unpulished DSc. thesis, São Pulo, Brsil: USP, 21p. FRANSOZO, A., NEGREIROS-FRANSOZO, M. L., MANTELATTO, F. L. M., PINHEIRO, M. A. A. & SAN- TOS, S., 1992, Composição e distriuição dos Brchyur (Crustce, Decpod) no sulitorl não-consoliddo n Ensed d Fortlez, Utu, SP. Rev. Brsil. Biol., 2(4): GOLTERMAN, H. L. & CLYMO, R. S., 1969, Methods for chemicl nlysis of freshwters. BlckWell, Scientific Pulictions, Oxford, 116p. GONZÁLEZ-GURRIARÁN, E. & OLASO, I., 1987, Cmios espciles y temporles de los Crustáceos Decápodos de l pltform continentl de Glici (NW de Espnã). Invest. Pesq., 1(1): ISHIKAWA, K., 1989, Reltionship etween ottom chrcteristics nd enthic orgnisms in the shllow wter of Opp By, Miygi. Mr. Biol., 12: MAGLIOCCA, A. & KUTNER, A. S., 1964, Conteúdo orgânico dos sedimentos de fundo de Cnnéi, São Pulo. Contri. Avulss Inst. Ocenogr., 19: 1-1. MAGLIOCCA, A. & KUTNER, A. S., 196, Sedimentos de fundo d Ensed do Flmengo, Utu, SP. Contri. Avulss Inst. Ocenogr., 198: 1-1. MANTELATTO, F. L. M., FRANSOZO, A. & NEGREIROS- FRANSOZO, M. L., 199, Distriuição do crnguejo Heptus pudiundus (Herst, 178) (Crustce, Decpod, Brchyur) n Ensed d Fortlez, Utu, SP, Brsil. Bolm. Inst. Ocenogr., 43(1): MONTEIRO, A. M. G., 1987, Ophiuroide (Echinodermt) d região de Utu (SP) spectos morfológicos e ecológicos. Unpulished D.Sc. thesis, São Pulo, Brsil. Instituto Ocenográfico, USP, 171p. MOORE, H. B., 198, Mrine Ecology. Wiley & Sons, New York, 493p. NEGREIROS-FRANSOZO, M. L., FRANSOZO, A., PI- NHEIRO, M. A. A., MANTELATTO, F. L. M. & SAN- TOS, S., 1991, Crcterizção físic e químic d Ensed d Fortlez, Utu, SP. Rev. Brs. Geoc., 21(2): PALÁCIO, F. J., 1982, Revisión zoogeográfic mrin del sur del Brsil. Bolm. Inst. Ocenogr., 31(1): PIRES, A. M. S., 1992, Structure nd dynmics of enthic megfun on the continentl shelf offshore of Utu, southestern Brzil. Mr. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 86: SANTOS, S., NEGREIROS-FRANSOZO, M. L. & FRAN- SOZO, A., 1994, The distriution of the swimming cr Portunus spinimnus Ltreille, 1819 (Crustce, Brchyur, Portunide) in Fortlez By, Utu, SP, Brzil. Atlântic, 16: SUGUIO, K., 1973, Introdução Sedimentologi. Ed. Edgrd Blucher, EDUSP, São Pulo, 317p. TOMMASI, L. R., 1967, Oservções preliminres sore fun êntic de sedimentos moles d i de Sntos e regiões vizinhs. Bolm. Inst. Ocenogr., 16(1): TOMMASI, L. R., 197, Oservções sore fun êntic do complexo esturino-lgunr de Cnnéi, SP. Bolm. Inst. Ocenogr., 19: VERNBERG, F. J. & VERNBERG, W. B., 197, Lethl limits nd zoogeogrphy of the funl ssemlges of costl Crolin wters. Mr. Biol., 6: WENTHWORTH, C. H., 1922, A scle of grde nd clss terms for clstic sediments. J. Geol., 3: Rev. Brsil. Biol., 9(1): 23-31