DIFFERENCES IN THE NUMBER OF ANTENNAL SENSORY STRUCTURES OF MALES OF THREE HONEY BEE TYPES

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1 ANTENNAL SENSORY STRUCTURES OF HONEY BEES MALES 161 DIFFERENCES IN THE NUMBER OF ANTENNAL SENSORY STRUCTURES OF MALES OF THREE HONEY BEE TYPES STORT, A. C. 1 nd MORAES-ALVES, M. M. B. 2 1 Deprtment of Biology, Biosciences Institute, CEP , Rio Clro, SP, Brzil 2 Deprtment of Exct nd Biologicl Sciences, University Center of Dourdos, UFMS, CEP , Dourdos, MS, Brzil Correspondence to: Antonio Crlos Stort, 1 Deprtment of Biology, Biosciences Institute, CEP , Rio Clro, SP, Brzil Received Octoer 17, 1997 Accepted My 04, 1998 Distriuted Ferury 23, 1999 (With 3 figures) ABSTRACT The numer of sensill cmpniformi nd sensill coeloconic + sensill mpullce of flgellomeres 2 to 11 of the ntenne of three types of mles (Itlin, Africn nd Africnized) ws determined y scnning electron microscopy. Comprison of the three mle types showed tht Itlin mles did not differ from Africn mles in numer of sensill coeloconic + sensill mpullce nd tht oth differed from Africnized mles in terms of flgellomere 11. With respect to flgellomeres 3 nd 10, Itlin mles were similr to Africnized mles nd oth differed from Africn mles. No differences etween the three mle types were detected in the other flgellomeres. In reltion to the numer of sensill cmpniformi Itlin mles differed of the Africn nd Africnized mles with respect to flgellomere 11. Key words: ntenne, flgellomeres, sensill, Apis mellifer. RESUMO Diferençs no número de estruturs sensoriis ntenres de mchos de 3 tipos de elhs melífers O número de sensill cmpniformi e sensill coeloconic + sensill mpullce dos flgelômeros 2 o 11 ds ntens de 3 tipos de mchos (itlinos, fricnos e fricnizdos) foi estuddo trvés do microscópio eletrônico de vrredur. As comprções dos 3 tipos de mchos mostrrm que, em relção o número de sensill coeloconic + mpullce, os itlinos não diferirm dos fricnos e mos erm diferentes dos fricnizdos em termos do flgelômero 11. Em relção os flgelômeros 3 e 10, os itlinos erm semelhntes os fricnizdos e mos diferirm dos fricnos. Nos outros flgelômeros não form verificds diferençs entre os três tipos de mchos. Em relção o número de sensill cmpniformi, os itlinos diferirm dos fricnos e dos fricnizdos qunto o flgelômero 11. Plvrs-chve: ntens, flgelômeros, sensill, Apis mellifer. INTRODUCTION The Africnized ees of Brzil, which originted from crosses of Africn ees (Apis mellifer scutellt) with Europen ees (Itlin, Apis mellifer ligustic, nd Germn, Apis mellifer mellifer), hve een studied in terms of the most diverse spects such s defensive ehvior (Stort, 1971), flight ctivity (Kerr et l., 1970), communiction (Gonçlves, 1969), mting competition (Mrtinho, 1979), hygienic ehvior (Messge, 1979), forging ehvior (Beig et l., 1972; Mlspin & Stort, 1987; Neves-Fermino & Stort, 1985) nd lso in terms of outer morphology (Gonçlves, 1970; Dly & Blling, 1978; Cosenz & Btist, 1972; Stort, 1979; Stort & Bueno, 1985). Informtions hs lso een otined out this new type of ee in terms of the ntenne, which re

2 162 STORT, A. C. nd MORAES-ALVES, M. M. B. orgns rich in sensory structures (Stort & Brelli, 1981; Stort, 1979; Mores, 1988; Reustini, 1995; Stort & Reustini, 1998). The ntenne of Africnized mles hve lso een studied in terms of numer of sensill plcode (Stort & Mlspin, 1980; Stort & Mores-Alves, 1998), flgellomere size (Mores, 1988) nd size of the cuticulr depressions of the ntennl flgellomeres (Dietz, 1978). However, little is still known out the ntennl sensory structures of Africnized ees, especilly in mles nd in comprison to the typicl Africn nd Europen suspecies tht gve origin to them. The ojective of the present investigtion ws to determine the differences in numer of sensill cmpniformi nd sensill coeloconic + sensill mpullce in mles of three types of honeyees: Africn (Apis mellifer scutellt), Itlin (Apis mellifer ligustic) nd Africnized. MATERIAL AND METHODS The smples used in the present study were 10 dult mles from colonies of Africn honey ees (Apis mellifer scutellt) collected from the Kosmos piries in Pretori (South Afric), 10 dult mles from Itlin honey ee colonies (Apis mellifer ligustic) originting from queens imported from the United Sttes, nd 10 dult mles from colonies of Africnized honey ees mintined in the piries of the Biosciences Institute of UNESP, Rio Clro. The specimens were collected live, nesthetized nd killed in n ether chmer nd then fixed in modified Krnovsky (2% glutrldehyde nd 2% prformldehyde in 0.1 M phosphte uffer, ph 7.2) for 24 hours. The smples were then trnsferred to nd stored in 70% lcohol. The ntenne were removed from the hed, sumitted to ultrsound for 1 minute to remove dirt prticles, then glued to metl supports, sputtered with fine gold lyer using n Edwrds S 150-B sputter nd oserved with the scnning electron microscope (JEOL, model T 330-A ) of the Chemistry Institute, UNESP, Arrqur. The numers of sensill cmpniformi nd sensill coeloconic + sensill mpullce were counted in the cuticulr depressions (Fig. 1) of ntennl flgellomeres 2 to 11. Flgellomere 11 is the most distl one nd flgellomere 1 does not hve these structures. The dt otined were first sumitted to nlysis of vrince nd the differences etween the mens for the three mle types nd referring to the flgellomeres tht did not present homogeneous vrinces were compred y the Tukey test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The men counts of sensill coeloconic + sensill mpullce per ntennl flgellomere in the three mle types studied re illustrted in Fig. 2. Only flgellomeres 3, 10 nd 11 presented significnt F vlues when the dt were sumitted to nlysis of vrince. The Tukey test showed tht only Africn nd Itlin mles did not differ in terms of flgellomere 11. In contrst, only Africn nd Itlin mles differed from one nother in terms of flgellomeres 3 nd 10. It hs een reported tht the numer of ntennl sensill plcode nd sensill trichode of workers is lrger in Itlin thn in Africnized ees (Stort, 1978; Stort & Brelli, 1981) nd tht the numer of sensill coeloconic nd sensill mpullce is lrger in Cucsin thn in Africnized ees (Stort & Mlspin, 1997). It ws lso oserved tht the numer of ntennl sensill plcode nd sensill trichode is lrger in Itlin nd Germn workers thn in Africn workers (Stort, 1979). The present dt show tht this is not the cse for mles. In contrst to workers, the numer of sensill coeloconic + sensill mpullce on flgellomere 11 is identicl in Africn nd Itlin mles nd lower in Africnized mles. In flgellomeres 3 nd 10, the numer of these sensill is identicl in Itlin nd Africnized mles nd lower in Africn mles. These differences in numer of ntennl sensill coeloconic + sensill mpullce etween mles nd workers prllels generl ody morphology. Most morphometric trits of the different prts of the ody of workers re lrger in Europen thn in Africn nd Africnized ees nd the ltter two re closer to ech other thn to Europen workers (Gonçlves, 1970; Stort, 1979). However, Crvlho (1982) showed tht 20 of 49 generl outer morphology trits nlyzed differed etween Africn mles (Apis mellifer scutellt) nd Itlin mles (Apis mellifer ligustic) nd tht 35% of these 20 trits were lrger in Africn mles.

3 ANTENNAL SENSORY STRUCTURES OF HONEY BEES MALES 163 Fig. 1 Scnning electron microscopy microgrphies of the ntennl flgellomeres of Africnized mles. A: flgellomere 11 showing cuticulr depression (rrow) with sensill cmpniformi, sensill coeloconic nd sensill mpullce. B: flgellomere 11 of other mle showing detils of the sensill cmpniformi (short rrow), sensill mpullce (medin rrow) nd sensill coeloconic (long rrow) of the cuticulr depression. SP is sensill plcode (olfctory disk).

4 164 STORT, A. C. nd MORAES-ALVES, M. M. B. The men counts of sensill cmpniformi per ntennl flgellomere re illustrted in Fig. 3. Only flgellomere 11 presented significnt F vlue when the dt were sumitted to nlysis of vrince. The Tukey test showed tht Itlin mles hve lrger numers of sensill cmpniformi thn Africn nd Africnized mles nd lso showed tht the ltter two did not differ from ech other. In this cse the dt otined for mles gree with those otined for workers. Apis mellifer mles hve lrger numer of sensill plcode (olfctory disks) thn workers (7.36 times more). This must confer very high olfctory sensitivity on them, which they use to e le to find the queen during the mting flight. However, workers nd mles hve similr numers of sensill cmpniformi nd sensill coeloconic + sensill mpullce. Since sensill coeloconic n nd sensill i mpullce re considered to e hygroreceptor orgns (Kuwr & Tked, 1956) nd since sensill cmpniformi re temperture nd CO 2 receptors (Dietz & Humphreys, 1971), the dt suggest tht mles nd workers proly do not differ in sensitivity in terms of perceiving vritions in these fctors in the environment. Thus, it ppers tht the degree of environmentl humidity nd temperture is secondry for the mles (in reltion to smell sense) in the process of finding queen nd mting. Acknowledgments: Reserch supported y CNPq nd FAPESP. The uthors re grteful to Dr. José Arn Vrel, Chemistry Institute, UNESP, Arrqur, for permitting the use of the scnning electron microscope, to Dr. Mrio Cilense nd to Mr. Sestião Dmeto, of the sme Institute, for help during the use of the equipment. 25 Itlin 20 Africn Africnized F11 F10 F9 F8 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 Antennl flgellomeres Fig. 2 Men numer of sensill coeloconic + sensill mpullce per ntennl flgellomere in 3 types of honey ee mles. An equl letter for two mles types mens tht they re not different.

5 ANTENNAL SENSORY STRUCTURES OF HONEY BEES MALES ,5 4 Itlin Africn 3,5 3 Africnized 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 F11 F10 F9 F8 F7 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 Antennl flgellomeres Fig. 3 Men numer of sensill cmpniformi per ntennl flgellomere in 3 types of honey ee mles. An equl letter for two mles types mens tht they re not different. REFERENCES BEIG, D., PISANI, J. F. & KERR, W. E., 1972, Cpcidde estomcl ds elhs operáris de dus suespécies de Apis mellifer L. (Hymenopter, Apoide). Cienc. Cult. 24(5): CARVALHO, M. A. S., 1982, Morfometri comprd em zngões e nálise do número de cerds ds ss de operáris de Apis mellifer. Mster s disserttion, UNESP, Rio Clro, 107p. COSENZA, G. W. & BATISTA, J. S., 1972, Morfometri d Apis mellifer dnsonii (elh fricnizd), d Apis mellifer cucsic (elh cucsin) e sus hírids. An. 2º Congr. Brsil. Apic., Sete Lgos, DALY, H.V. & BALLING, S. S., 1978, Identifiction of Africnized honey ees in the Western Hemisphere y discriminte nlysis. J. Kns. Entomol. Soc., 51: DIETZ, A., 1978, An ntomicl chrcter suitle for seprting drone honey ees of Apis mellifer ligustic from Apis mellifer dnsonii. An. Simp. Int. Apic. Clim. Quen. Apimondi, DIETZ, A. & HUMPHREYS, W. J., 1971, Scnning electron microscopic studies of ntennl receptors of the worker honey ee, including sensill cmpniformi. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am., 64(4): GONÇALVES, L. S., 1969, A study of orienttion informtion given y one trined ee y dncing. J. Apic. Res. 88(3): GONÇALVES, L. S., 1970, Análise genétic do cruzmento entre Apis mellifer ligustic e Apis mellifer dnsonii. Escolh e nálise genétic de crcteres morfológicos d ceç e do tórx. Ph.D. thesis, USP, Rieirão Preto, Brzil, 142p. KERR, W. E., GONÇALVES, L., BLOTA, L. F. & MACIEL, H., 1970, Biologi comprd entre s elhs itlins (Apis mellifer ligustic), fricns (Apis mellifer dnsonii) e sus hírids. An. 1º Congr. Brsil. Apic. Florinópolis, KUWABARA, M. & TAKEDA, K., 1956, On the hygroreceptor of the honey ee Apis mellifer. Physiol. Ecol., 7: 1-6. MALASPINA, O. & STORT, A. C., 1987, Sucrose syrup collecting ehvior in Africnized nd Cucsin ees nd in the descendnts of their crossings. Rev. Brsil. Genet., 10(3): MARTINHO, M. R., 1979, Competição reprodutiv entre mchos de Apis mellifer e migrção de espermtozóides pr espermtec de rinhs. Ph.D. thesis, F.M.R.P.; USP, 111p. MESSAGE, D., 1979, Efeito de condições mientis no comportmento higiênico em elhs fricnizds Apis mellifer. Mster s Disserttion, F.M.R.P.; USP, 136p.

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