Inglês Degree of adjectives. Teacher: Marcelo Lion

Transcrição

1 Inglês Degree of adjectives Teacher: Marcelo Lion

2 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS Os adjetivos, além de qualificarem substantivos, também fazem comparações. Em Inglês, os adjetivos possuem três graus de comparação: igualdade, inferioridade e superioridade.

3 COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES Use the comparative form of an adjective + than to compare two people, places, or things. Remember that comparative adjectives are adjectives, so you will need to use be verbs or linking verbs in sentences of comparison.

4 COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES What is the difference between a crocodile and an alligator? crocodile alligator

5 COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES dark Alligators are darker than crocodiles.

6 COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES dangerous Crocodiles are more dangerous to humans than alligators.

7 Forms of the Comparative Analyze the four groups of adjectives and write four grammar rule for the comparative. old young tall dark long Group 1 older younger taller darker longer talkative punctual beautiful interesting helpful Group 2 more talkative more punctual more beautiful more interesting more helpful curly happy friendly hungry busy Group 3 curlier happier friendlier hungrier busier handsome simple quiet friendly Group 4 handsomer, more handsome simpler, more simple quieter, more quiet friendlier, more friendly

8 COMPARATIVE GROUP 1 For most short (one-syllable) adjectives, add er to the adjective. Add only r if the adjective ends in e. Use the be verb with adjectives. My new boss is nicer than my old boss. old boss new boss

9 COMPARATIVE GROUP 2 For most adjectives of two or more syllables, add more before the adjective. old job My new job is more interesting than my old job. new job

10 COMPARATIVE GROUP 3 For adjectives that end in y, change the y to i and add er. old job I was busier at my old job than I am at my new job. new job

11 COMPARATIVE GROUP 4 Quiet, simple, handsome, and friendly are examples of two-syllable adjectives that can follow the pattern of one or two syllable adjectives. old coworkers My new coworkers are more friendly than my old coworkers. My new coworkers are friendlier than my old coworkers. new coworkers

12 COMPARATIVE IRREGULAR The adjectives good, bad, and far are irregular. Adjective Comparative Superlative good bad far better worse farther the best the worst the farthest My 4 th grade class was bad, but my 9 th grade class is worse.

13 Short adjective + EST. old the oldest young the youngest CVC + EST (the final consonant is doubled) big the biggest hot the hottest Short adjective ended in Y -IEST easy the easiest heavy the heaviest Long adjective: THE MOST + long adjective exciting the most exciting beautiful the most beautiful Irregular adjectives good the best bad the worst We use THE before the superlative form of the adjective. John is the tallest. A Ferrari is the most expensive car.

14 Practice Work with a partner. Write comparative sentences or questions about the pictures The orange is heavy heavier than the apple. why Why / is Big a salad Mac / more salad / expensivethan a Big Mac? The boy on the right tallis taller than the boy on the left. Batman / is Joker more / handsome than the joker.

15 Less is the opposite of more. LESS + ADJECTIVES talkative punctual beautiful interesting helpful Group 2 more talkative less more punctual less more beautiful less more interesting less more helpful less Physical therapy was more helpful than medication. Medication was less helpful than physical therapy.

16 MUCH + COMPARATIVE before smoking She looks much older since she started smoking. after smoking

17 Practice Write a sentence. Use much and the comparative. He is much fatter since he started using the internet.

18 Practice Write a sentence. Use much and comparative adjectives. my old car my new car My new car is much safer than my old car, but it is much more expensive. safe expensive

19 A LITTLE + COMPARATIVE Use a little to make comparisons weaker. The yarn on the right is a little darker than the yarn on the left. Group 1 Group 2 The yarn on the right is a little more expensive than the yarn on the left.

20 Comparative with Nouns You use more than, less than, and fewer than with nouns. What are the two rules? Use more with count and noncount nouns. Seattle has more rain than Chicago. Chicago has more buildings than Seattle. Use fewer with count and less with noncount nouns. I have less money than you do. Rita has fewer children than Roberta.

21 Practice Complete the sentences. Example: I am busier than you are. (busy) more 1. My sister is popular than my brother. than 2. He is older his brother. 3. My old apartment was too small. My new apartment is much bigger. 4. Palos Hills has fewer people than Chicago. 5. Florida has less snow than Chicago.

22 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS O comparativo de igualdade é usado para comparar se duas pessoas ou coisas são iguais ou não em um(a) determinado(a) aspecto ou situação. AS + ADJETIVO + AS

23 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS Ex: My mother is thin. My father is thin, too. My mother is as thin as my father.

24 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS O comparativo de inferioridade é usado para expressar a ideia de que uma pessoa ou coisa possui uma qualidade em menor medida que a outra. LESS + ADJETIVO + THAN

25 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS Ex: You have 50 pounds. I have 110 pounds. You are less fat than me.

26 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS O comparativo de superioridade é usado para expressar a ideia de que uma pessoa ou coisa é superior em algum aspecto em relação a outra pessoa ou coisa. ADJETIVO + ER + THAN ( Adjetivos com até 2 sílabas ) MORE + ADJETIVO + THAN (Adjetivos com mais de 2 sílabas)

27 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS ADJETIVO + ER + THAN ( Adjetivos com até 2 sílabas ) Imagem: Aarone67/ public domain Ex: Valdir tall the teacher. Valdir is taller than the teacher. Lucy strong Pauline. Lucy is stronger than Pauline.

28 OBSERVAÇÕES: Se o adjetivo já terminar em E, acrescenta-se apenas R; Ex: The bedroom large the kitchen. The bedroom is larger than the kitchen.

29 se o adjetivo terminar em Y precedido de consoante, troca-se por IER; Ex: Ana pretty Sarah. Ana is prettier than Sarah.

30 Se o adjetivo tem uma só sílaba, com a sequência CVC, dobra-se a consoante final antes do ER. Ex: This pen big that pencil. This pen is bigger than that pencil.

31 MORE + ADJETIVO + THAN (Adjetivos com mais de 2 sílabas) Ex: Marcos intelligent Lucas. Marcos is more intelligent than Lucas.

32 ALGUMAS FORMAS IRREGULARES DE SUPERIORIDADE Ex: GOOD BETTER THAN BAD WORSE THAN FAR FARTHER THAN

33 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS Vamos exercitar! 1)Forme o comparativo de igualdade, usando As AS. a)this music beautiful that one. b)jonathan famous Tom Cruise. Respostas: a) This music is as beatiful as that one. b) Jonathan is as famous as Tom Cruise. Imagem: User:J.J. at en.wikipedia/ public domain.

34 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS c) My watch new your watch. d) English indispensable Spanish Respostas: a) My watch is as new as your watch. b) English is as indispensable as Spanish. Imagem: Janny Sandholm/Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication

35 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS 2) Forme o comparativo de inferioridade. a) Your house big mine. b) Magdala strong Wilton Imagem: The people from the Tango! project/ public domain Respostas: Your house is less big than mine. Magdala is less strong than Wilton.

36 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS c) Thiago happy Odilon. d) Leornes tall Paulo Henrique. Respostas: a) Thiago is less happy than Odilon. b) Leornes is less tall than Paulo Henrique. Imagem: Autor desconhecido/ GNU Free Documentation License

37 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS 3) Forme o Comparativo de Superioridade: a) Misael s car fast Claudio s car. b) This lesson difficult that one. Imagem: Tkgd2007/public domain Respostas: Misael s car is faster than Claudio s car. This lesson is more difficult than that one.

38 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS c) Helen clever Alice. d) I rich Freddie. Imagem: The people from the Tango! project/ public domain Respostas: a) Helen is cleverer than Alice. b) I am richer than Freddie.

39 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS 4) Observe o quadro abaixo e, em relação às frases seguintes, responda (V) para verdadeiro ou (F) para falso. Imagem: Harold M. Walker/ Public Domain Gustavo Katarina Flávio Age Hight 1,50 1,65 1,50 weight

40 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS a) ( ) Gustavo is older than Flávio. b) ( ) Flávio is as short as Gustavo. c) ( ) Flávio is younger than Katarina. d) ( ) Karatina is taller than Flávio. e) ( ) Katarina is less fat than Gustavo. Respostas: F / V / V / V / F

41 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS 5) Observe a figura abaixo, dê nomes às pessoas e formule sentenças, empregando o grau comparativo dos adjetivos sugeridos. Tall / fat / young / short / thin / old Imagem: AngelusLucius/ public domain.

42 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS Sugestões de respostas a) Carlos is older than Fernando. b) Mike is shorter than César. c) Lucas is thinner than Carlos. d) Fernando is as tall as Mike. e) César is fatter than Mike.

43 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS 6) De acordo com a descrição feita no script, desenhe ou faça colagem de pessoas conforme as descrições a seguir. a) Henry is shorter than Chan. b) Bety is taller than Maria. c) Hana is younger than Fritz. d) Juan is older than Alejandro.

44 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS 7) Leia o texto abaixo e assinale T (true) ou F (false). Sheyla and Mark moved to a smaller city. They bought a big apartment. They love the new city because it is cleaner and calmer than San Francisco. And it s more beautiful, too. The apartment is smaller than their old house. But they have a better life now and they are happier.

45 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS a) Sheyla and Mark moved to a bigger city. ( ) b) The city is as clear as San Francisco. ( ) c) The new city is more beautiful than the other their old house. ( ) d) The apartment is smaller than their old house. ( ) e) They are happier now. ( ) Respostas: F / V / F / V / V. Imagem: Termininja/ Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported

46 LÍNGUA INGLESA, 1º Ano do Ensino Médio DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE FORMS MATERIAL UTILIZADO NA PESQUISA Prescher, Elisabeth. Inglês: Graded English: volume único/elisabeth Prescher, Ernesto Pasqualin, Eduardo Amos. 2. ed. São Paulo: Moderna, (Coleção Base)

47 Adverb Rules

48 Adverbs are words that modify: a verb (He drove slowly. How did he drive?) an adjective (He drove a very fast car. How fast was his car?) another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. How slowly did she move?)

49 Types of Simple Adverbs: Manner Place Time Degree Affirmation Negation

50 1. Adverbs of Manner (answer the question how ) (often end in ly ) She moved slowly and spoke quietly. 2. Adverbs of Place (answer the question where ) These often look like prepositions without an object. Look below to see the flowers. She still lives there now

51 3. Adverbs of Time (answer the question when or how often ) It's starting to get dark now. She finished her tea first. She left early. She often goes by herself. 4. Adverbs of Degree (answer questions how much or how little of ) These often are the adverbs that modify other modifiers (adj. or adv.) She sleeps very quietly. We swim quite often.

52 5. Adverbs of Negation (make a verb negative) no, never, not, n t We never go to the theme parks. We did not study for the test. 6. Adverbs of Affirmation (make a verb more strongly positive. ) Yes, we love that game. You certainly did well on that test. Sarah obviously knew the answer to the question. You did well indeed.

53 Some Tricky Adverbs FARTHER denotes physical advancement in distance. (We walked farther into the dessert.) FURTHER denotes advancement to greater degree (I will look further into my research) BAD = Adjective (often an adjective subject compliment) Susan felt bad after the argument. That is a bad apple. BADLY = Adverb I performed badly in the play. GOOD = adjective WELL = adverb That is a good movie. Susan acted well in the movie.

54 Stay away from using double negatives: INCORRECT: Susan is not never in the class. CORRECT: Susan is not ever in the class. INCORRECT: We didn t ask no one to the dance. CORRECT: We didn t ask anyone to the dance. INCORRECT: The class did not get nothing in its mailbox. CORRECT: The class did not get anything in its mailbox.

55 Adverbs vs. Adjectives: Adjectives are used to modify nouns: The dog is loud. Adverbs are used to modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs: The dog barks loudly. Adjective -> careful / Adverb -> carefully Adjective -> quick / Adverb -> quickly

56 The Degree of Adverbs: With LY adverbs we usually form the comparative and superlative forms with more and most or less or least. Never drop ly from an adverb when changing its degree. (Quietly does NOT become quieter.) Adverb Comparative Adverb Superlative Adverb quietly more quietly most quietly carefully less carefully least carefully happily more happily most happily

57 The Degree of Adverbs: For some other adverbs, we add -er to form the comparative and -est to form the superlative. Adverb Comparative Adverb Superlative Adverb hard harder hardest fast faster fastest early earlier earliest

58 The Degree of Adverbs: Some adverbs are irregular adverbs, and they change in form. Adverb Comparative Adverb Superlative Adverb well better best badly worse worst far farther/further farthest/furthest

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