6 Só será permitido o uso de dicionário INGLÊS/INGLÊS.

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1 Confira se os dados contidos na parte inferior desta capa estão corretos e, em seguida, assine no espaço reservado para isso. Se, em qualquer outro local deste Caderno, você assinar, rubricar, escrever mensagem, etc., será excluído do Exame. Este Caderno contém 5 questões discursivas referentes à Prova da Língua Estrangeira escolhida pelo candidato. Não destaque nenhuma folha. Se o Caderno estiver incompleto ou contiver imperfeição gráfica que impeça a leitura, solicite imediatamente ao Fiscal que o substitua. Será avaliado apenas o que estiver escrito no espaço reservado para cada resposta, razão por que os rascunhos não serão considerados. Escreva de modo legível, pois dúvida gerada por grafia, sinal ou rasura implica rá redução de pontos. 6 Só será permitido o uso de dicionário INGLÊS/INGLÊS. 7 Use exclusivamente caneta esferográfica, confeccionada em material transparente, de tinta preta ou azul. Em nenhuma hipótese se avaliará resposta escrita com grafite. 8 Utilize para rascunhos, o verso de cada página deste Caderno. 9 Você dispõe de, no máximo, três horas, para responder as 5 questões que constituem a Prova. 10 Antes de retirar-se definitivamente da sala, devolva ao Fiscal este Caderno. Assinatura do Candidato: UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2015_2 Inglês

2 As questões de 01 a 05, cujas respostas deverão ser redigidas EM PORTUGUÊS, referem -se ao texto abaixo. A DECADE OF PROGRESS: INCREASED REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN THE NATIONAL PARLIAMENTS OF ECUADOR, NICARAGUA, AND COSTA RICA Kimberly S. Adams Abstract: Women in Latin America are rapidly moving up the political ladder against the odds. Currently, the regional average for women serving in the lower chambers of parliament in Latin America exceeds the worldwide average. In slightly over one decade, the percentage of women serving in the lower chambers of Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica increased by large margins (IPU, 2012). While numerous factors can possibly explain this increase, thi s paper examines three political factors that may help to explain the increased presence of women serving in the national parliaments of Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica from 2001 to Using the comparative analysis approach, this work investigates e ach country based on: 1) the role and influence of feminist groups; 2) the adoption and implementation of gender quotas; 3) the country s level of democracy. The findings indicate that all three political factors have some influence on the presence of women in parliament. Numerous political, socio-economic and cultural factors impact the share of women in national parliaments worldwide. The purpose of this work was to use a comparative analysis to investigate political factors that may help to explain the marked increase in the percentage of women in the parliaments of Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica from While not quantitative, and, thus, more speculative, the systematic comparison of the country s feminist advocacy groups and gender-sensitive legislation, the adoption and implementation of gender quotas and the democratic rights and freedoms afforded its citizens, does shed a positive light on the role that these political factors may have played in the increased presence of women in their respective parliaments in the years under study. Given its history as a region rife with governmental corruption, longstanding dictatorships, and a deep devotion to Catholicism, the status of women in the political arenas in Latin American countries is certainly worthy of inquiry. In a few short decades, Latin America has overcome steep barriers that excluded women in the public sphere, to become the regional world leader in the number of countries that have elected female presidents or prime ministers. In Ecuador, the adoption and the implementation of the parity law in 2008 as a result of the fierce women advocacy groups, seems to be the most compelling reason for the increased presence of women in the Ecuadorian parliament from In Nicaragua, women s longstanding political involvement, first with the overthrow of the Somoza government and then with feminist organizations, may be the single most influential political factor for Nicaragua s high percentage of women in parliament. Finally, in Costa Rica, the adoption and revised implementation of 40% gender quotas, coupled with its longstanding history of legal recognition of women s democratic rights before the law, seems to be the most compelling political factors influencing the high percentage of women in parliament over the last decade. While not perfect in its approach, this works does delve into three of the major political factors that influence female representation worldwide. Future works should include a cross - national quantitative approach to discern with greater certainty which political factors significantly impact the percentage of women in parliament. Secondly, a discussion of socio -economic and cultural factors such as female access to education and the paid workforce, religi on, the level of corruption and/or transparency in government, could enhance the scope of the research by providing more possible explanations for the increase presence of women in the parliaments of Latin America. Despite the apparent shortcomings, the current research does demonstrate that Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica have all made the election of women to national parliaments, a major priority. This decade of progress with regard to women, should not be mired by the looming economic and societal challenges that continues to plague the region. Perhaps the election of more women within the region could help to curtail many of these problems. Journal of Humanistics and Social Sciences [ ]. [Adaptado]. UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2015_3 Inglês Ciências Humanas e Sociais 1

3 Questão 1 Discorra sobre a situação política das mulheres na América Latina, apresentada pela autora, e sobre os três fatores políticos que, segundo ela, podem explicar essa situação. Questão 2 Explicite os aspectos históricos que justificam, segundo a autora, a impo rtância de se investigar o status político da mulher na América Latina. UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2015_3 Inglês Ciências Humanas e Sociais 2

4 Questão 3 Descreva, com exemplos, como se deu a inserção da mulher na política no caso do Equador, Nicaragua e Costa Rica. Questão 4 Segundo a autora, quais contribuições os estudos futuros podem trazer para a investigação da presença da mulher nos parlamentos na América Latina? UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2015_3 Inglês Ciências Humanas e Sociais 3

5 Questão 5 Traduza o fragmento textual abaixo no espaço reservado para isso. Seu texto deverá apresentar clareza e estar bem articulado tanto em termos estruturais quanto de sentido. Despite the apparent shortcomings, the current research does demonstrate that Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica have all made the election of wome n to national parliaments, a major priority. This decade of progress with regard to women, should not be mired by the looming economic and societal challenges that continues to plague the region. Perhaps the election of more women within the region could help to curtail many of these problems. ESPAÇO DESTINADO AO TEXTO DEFINITIVO UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2015_3 Inglês Ciências Humanas e Sociais 4