6 Só será permitido o uso de dicionário INGLÊS/INGLÊS.

Transcrição

1 Confira se os dados contidos na parte inferior desta capa estão corretos e, em seguida, assine no espaço reservado para isso. Se, em qualquer outro local deste Caderno, você assinar, rubricar, escrever mensagem, etc., será excluído do Exame. Este Caderno contém 5 questões discursivas referentes à Prova da Língua Estrangeira escolhida pelo candidato. Não destaque nenhuma folha. Se o Caderno estiver incompleto ou contiver imperfeição gráfica que impeça a leitura, solicite imediatamente ao Fiscal que o substitua. Será avaliado apenas o que estiver escrito no espaço reservado para cada resposta, razão por que os rascunhos não serão considerados. Escreva de modo legível, pois dúvida gerada por grafia, sinal ou rasura implicará redução de pontos. 6 Só será permitido o uso de dicionário INGLÊS/INGLÊS. 7 A Comperve recomenda o uso de caneta esferográfica, confeccionada em material transparente, de tinta preta. Em nenhuma hipótese se avaliará resposta escrita com grafite. 8 Utilize para rascunhos, o verso de cada página deste Caderno. 9 Você dispõe de, no máximo, três horas, para responder as 5 questões que constituem a Prova. 10 Antes de retirar-se definitivamente da sala, devolva ao Fiscal este Caderno. Assinatura do Candidato: UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2017_2 Inglês

2 As questões de 01 a 05, cujas respostas deverão ser redigidas EM PORTUGUÊS, referem-se ao texto abaixo. Biological Aspects of Salivary Hormones in Male Half-marathon Performance Introduction Branimir B. Radosavljević, Miloš P. Žarković, Svetlana D. Ignjatović, Marijana M. Dajak and Neda Lj. Milinković The levels of testosterone and cortisol are acutely elevated following intensive physical efforts, including most physical competitions. The rise in levels of endogenous hormones, testosterone and cortisol, improves muscle performance and energy mobilization, respectively. An additional spike in testosterone levels can usually be seen in winners immediately after competitive situations, while data about cortisol changes are inconsistent. Intensive endurance exercise induces changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, both during training and after the event, during rest. In males, intensive exercise usually causes decreased testosterone and increased cortisol levels, although other patterns have also been found. Both testosterone and cortisol concentrations correlate with performance in a variety of sports, but data are conflicting. In elite rugby players, salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations correlate with speed, power and strength. In females, after exercise salivary cortisol levels correlate with the volume of load lifted. During fifteen weeks of mixed aerobic and weight training in junior wrestlers, testosterone concentrations increased, while the testosterone/ cortisol ratio decreased. There was also a significant positive correlation between power increase and testosterone and a negative correlation with cortisol. On the other hand, in a professional triathlon competition, performance of the athletes correlated with morning salivary cortisol concentrations, but not with salivary testosterone concentrations. In male Olympic weightlifters, however, salivary testosterone concentrations significantly correlated with the weight-lifting performance. It should be noted that overtraining causes hypothalamic dysfunction that may be accompanied by decreased cortisol concentrations. On the other hand, the decrease in cortisol levels may be a sign of adaptation to adverse environment. Hormonal environment influences sports performance. On the other hand, physical stress, such as exercise, modulates the biological effects of hormones and their concentrations in the body. Therefore, both basal and stimulated hormone concentrations measured before a competition could be used to predict physical fitness and performance during the event. The aim of this study was to assess whether salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations, basal and running-induced levels, measured two weeks before a race, relate to running performance in male recreational athletes. Because of the well-known correlation between age and testosterone, as well as age and running performance, age was also included in the analyses. A group of eleven male recreational athletes preparing for a half-marathon was included in the study. Saliva for testosterone and cortisol determinations was collected before and immediately after a 15-km training run, two weeks before the half-marathon. Individual official half-marathon times, expressed in hours, were used as a measure of performance. The main contribution of this paper is the finding that salivary testosterone concentrations, determined after a trial run, significantly inversely correlated with the corresponding halfmarathon running times two weeks later. Even the age of runners did not disturb this significant correlation. Based on these preliminary results, it could be concluded that salivary measures, especially salivary post-run testosterone levels, may have the potential for predicting performance. Due to the limitations of this study, the next similar study should be scheduled closer to the day of the half-marathon and include an increased number of participants involving professional athletes with consideration and measurement of additional parameters, especially stress-related ones. Additional studies are also necessary to determine whether the decrease in basal testosterone levels, after exercise stress, is more pronounced in less fit subjects. Disponível em:< Biol Sci. 2016;68(3): ) Acesso em: 29 jun [Adaptado] UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2017_2 Inglês Ciências Biológicas 1

3 Questão 1 Qual a relação comumente descrita na literatura entre testosterona, cortisol e performance física, segundo os autores? Questão 2 Explique por que os autores consideram conflitantes os dados sobre performance esportiva e níveis de hormônios reportados na literatura científica. UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2017_2 Inglês Ciências Biológicas 2

4 Questão 3 Explicite o objetivo do estudo conduzido pelos autores e a metodologia que empregaram para atingi-lo. Questão 4 Descreva as contribuições do estudo reportado no texto em relação a nível de testosterona e cortisol, performance esportiva e idade dos atletas. UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2017_2 Inglês Ciências Biológicas 3

5 Questão 5 Traduza o fragmento textual abaixo no espaço reservado para isso. Seu texto deverá apresentar clareza e estar bem articulado tanto em termos estruturais quanto de sentido. Due to the limitations of this study, the next similar study should be scheduled closer to the day of the half-marathon and include an increased number of participants involving professional athletes with consideration and measurement of additional parameters, especially stress-related ones. Additional studies are also necessary to determine whether the decrease in basal testosterone levels, after exercise stress, is more pronounced in less fit subjects. ESPAÇO DESTINADO AO TEXTO DEFINITIVO UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2017_2 Inglês Ciências Biológicas 4