an honest man (um homem honesto) a hero (um herói)

Transcrição

1 THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE São dois os artigos indefinidos em inglês A (um, uma) e AN (um, uma). São usados diante de um substantivo no singular. Exemplos: This is a nice place. She is a dentist. He is an engineer. "The New York Times" is a newspaper. A e AN não podem acompanhar substantivos no plural e substantivos incontáveis, Nesses casos, a palavra some é frequentemente usada. Há diferenças quanto ao uso de A de AN em relação à pronúncia do substantivo que eles acompanham. 1) Com palavras iniciadas por consoantes ou pronunciadas com o som de consoante, usamos A. Exemplos: a rabbit ( um coelho) a lemon ( um limão) a car (um carro) a chair (uma cadeira) a ball ( uma bola) a boy ( um menino) a dog (um cachorro) a pen (uma caneta) 2) Com palavras iniciadas por vogal ou com um som vocálico, usamos AN. Exemplos: an architect (um arquiteto) an essay (um ensaio an egg (um ovo) an umbrella (um guarda-chuva) 3) A escolha entre A e AN diante de palavras iniciadas com H dependerá da pronúncia. Usamos AN antes do H não aspirado (h mudo) e A diante do H aspirado. Exemplos: an hour (uma hora) a helicopter (um helocóptero) an heir ( um herdeiro) a hospital ( um hospital) an honest man (um homem honesto) a hero (um herói) 0bs: Embora a pronúncia de h mudo seja antiquada para as palavras HOTEL, HISTORIC e HORRIFIC, podemos usar a ou an diante delas. 4) Atenção com as palavras iniciadas com U, pois embora o U seja uma vogal, em algumas palavras o U inicial tem som de IÙ, com estas palavras usamos o artigo AN. Compare: A university ( uma universidade) An uncle (um tio) A useful thing ( uma coisa útil) An ugly man ( um homem feio) 5) Nas palavras compostas por one também usamos a. Exemplos: A one-dollar bill (uma nora de um dólar) A one-eyed boy (um menino caolho) 6) Atenção para a pronúncia das seguintes letras do alfabeto: F, H, L, M, N, R, S e X. Todas têm som vocálico. Veja os exemplos: An MGM (um estúdio MGM) An FM disc-jockey ( um disc-jóquei da FM) An SOS call (uma chamada de socorro) An L,(um ele) An R (um erre) An X-ray (um raio x) 7) Usamos a diante das palavras que começam com W e Y. Exemplos: A watch (um relógio) A year (um ano) A widow (uma viúva) A yellow rose (uma rosa amarela) A week ( uma semana) A yard ( um quintal) A waiter (um garçom) 8) Com certas expressões numéricas, de peso, medidas e frequencia. Exemplos: A dozen ( uma duzia) A half dozen (meia dúzia) Ten cents a kilo (dez centavos por quilo) Eighty kilometers an hour (oitenta quilometros por hora) Three times a week (três vezes por semana) 01) Look at the occupations, choose the corresponding pictures and complete with A or AN. ( ) teacher ( ) police officer ( ) engineer ( ) lawyer ( ) computer programmer ( ) doctor ( ) taxi driver ( ) dentist ( ) architect ( ) web designer

2 01) Complete usando os artigos A ou An 1) Lucy has dog. 2) Let's sing song. 3) Emily needs new desk in her room. 4) I need blue pen. 5) Ben has old bike. 6) Peter has aunt in Berlin. 7) We listen to English CD. 8) She has exercise book in her school bag. 9) The speed of this car was 160 miles hour. 10) They finished unit. 11) There is new English book on the desk. 12) She's reading old comic. 13) They've got idea. 14) He is drinking cup of coffee. 15) The girl is pilot. 16) Leipzig has airport. 17) This is expensive bike. 18) Look! There's bird flying. 19) My father is honest person. 20) My friend likes to be astronaut. 2) Escolha a alternativa correta: Marque a única alternativa errada em que se emprega o artigo a ou an: ( ) a year ( ) an answer ( ) an university ( ) an honest man ( ) a ewe (ovelha) 02) Choose the right alternative: The boys brought ant, European bird and milk. ( ) a, a, -x- ( ) a, an, -x- ( ) a, an, a ( ) an, a, -x- ( ) -x-, an, an 03) Choose the right option: He deserves better treatment, after all, he's not prisoner. ( ) as ( ) a ( ) an ( ) the ( ) -x- 05) Choose the right alternative: one-dollar bill; useful thing. ( ) a, a ( ) -x-, -x- ( ) -x-, an ( ) an, an ( ) a, an 06) She is old woman. Her brother bought yellow coat. This is ewe. ( ) an, a, a ( ) an, a, an ( ) an, an, an ( ) a, an, an ( ) a, a, an 07) Choose the right alternative: We use the telephone mainly for sending and receiving information. ( ) a ( ) an ( ) -x- ( ) these ( ) it 08) Complete corretamente: He will finish the job in hours. Could you buy bread for us? ( ) an, a ( ) the, a ( ) -x-, -x- ( ) -x-, an ( ) an, -x- 09) Entering university should be exciting experience for young man or woman. ( ) an, an, an ( ) a, an, a ( ) a, an, an ( )an, an, a ( ) a, a, an 10) Mark the right option: smile is worth than hundred words. ( ) the, a ( ) a, the ( ) -x-, -x- ( ) the, the ( ) a, a 11) Use the correct article a or an, whenever necessary. It is opportunity and honor to lecture at university, I think. - I'll be back in hour with one dollar bill to buy bread. ( ) a, an, a, an, a, -x- ( ) an, a, an, a, -x-, -x- ( ) -x-, an, a, an, a, a ( ) a, a, a, an, a, -x- ( ) an, an, a, an,-x-, -x-, 12) Mark the right option: "My friend is European. He is Frenchman and speaks with a charming accent. ( ) a, a, a ( ) an, a, a ( ) an, a, an ( ) a, an, an ( ) an, a, the 04) Mark the right alternative: ugly girl gave me eggs yesterday. ( ) a, -x- ( ) an, a ( ) an, an ( ) an, -x- ( ) a, an

3 13) Mark the right option: He always smokes cigarette with cup of coffee. ( ) -x-, a, -x- ( ) a, a, -x- ( ) the, a, a ( ) -x-, -x-, -x- ( ) a, -x-, -x 14) Which of the alternative(s) is(are) correct? (a) A uniform (b) a yellow car (c) a eye (d) an honest nurse (e) an heirs (f) a universities ( ) a, b, d ( ) a, b, c, d ( ) d, e ( ) only c ( ) every alternative are corrects 15) Write (T) or (F) when the sentences are the indefinites article used correctly: ( ) a eucalyptus tree ( ) a yellow car ( ) an wall ( ) an FM station ( ) an one-way street ( ) an honest men 16) Write (T) or (F) when the sentences are the indefinites article used correctly: ( ) She had an interesting jobs. ( ) There's a hammer on the couch. ( ) It's an article about French cheese. ( ) Ted is an eight-years-old boy. ( ) He gave me information about the school ( ) What a lovely children! ( ) Hunger is a universal problem. ( ) My uncle rented a used computers. ( ) That politician is an honorable man. I mean it! ( ) A rabbits has more wool than an ewe. ( ) Everyone knows your partner is an honest. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE: O artigo definido é usado: a) antes de substantivos masculinos ou femininos, singulares ou plurais; que podem ser precedidos ou não por adjetivos. Ex: the sky, the boys, the girls, the rain, the clouds. the girl (a menina), the pretty girl (a menina bonita) b) Nome de rios ( the Thames River), oceanos (the Atlantic Ocean) e mares (the Dead Sea) c) Nome de desertos (the Sahara) d) Nome de montanhas ( the Rock Mpountains) e) Nomes de países no plural ou com palavras República, União ou Estado como: Republic (república), States (estados), Kingdom (reino): The Netherlands, The Irish Republic, The United States of America, The United Kingdom, The Republic of South Africa, The Dominican Republic f) Nomes de famílias :The Clintons, The Fords, The Simpsons, The Adams g) Superlativos: the best, the youngest, the biggest, the most intelligent h) Nomes de cinema, hotéis, teatros, restaurantes, bares, museus: the Hilton (Hotel) / The National Theatre / The Star of India (restaurant) i) Nome de instrumentos musicais : the sax, the flute, the organ, the guitar j) antes de um substantivo único na espécie. the earth (a terra) the sun (o sol), the moon (a lua), the sea (a mar), The Bible (a biblia), the universe (o universo) k) usamos the nomes de idiomas seguidos da palavra language: The German language, the English language l) usamos the com nacionalidades: The Chinese, The Brazilian, The Italian m) usamos the com adjetivos substantivados representando uma classe (de pessoas principalmente) na qual está implícita a idéia de plural: the poor (os pobres) the rich (os ricos) The institution helped the blind. (A instituição ajudava os cegos) n) usamos the com números ordinais: The first, The second, The third

4 o) usamos the substantivo no singular que representa uma classe de animais ou coisas: The while is in danger of becoming extinct. A baleia está em perigo de se tornar extinta) (A sentença refere-se à família inteira das baleias e não a uma única baleia) The computer has made life easier. (O computador tornou a vida mais fácil) (A sentença refere-se a qualquer computador) p) usamos the com um substantivo, sempre que quisermos especificá-lo. Compare os exemplos: Oranges have vitamin C (laranjas têm vitamina C) The oranges you bought yesterday were nice. (As laranjas que você comprou ontem estavam boas) Life is complicated. ( A vida é complicada) I'm studying the life of Shakespeare. (Estou estudando a vida de Shakespeare) Quando o artigo the é omitido: a) antes de nomes de pessoas com ou sem título, nomes de línguas, nome de cidades, estados ou países no singular, continentes,planetas, nomes de esportes, jogos e ciências. Ex: Beth, President Bush, Mel Gibson, Tom Cruise, Aunt Jane, English (Inglês), Brazil, Salvador, Bahi, Paris, São Paulo, Egypt, Africa - Jupiter Tennis, Basketball, Biology (Biologia), geography (geografia) b) Em geral não se usa the diante de nomes de ruas,avenidas, parques,zoológicos, edifícios, aeroportos, universidades, castelos, estações e lugares dentro de uma cidade, lagos no singular, ilhas no singular, quedas d'água e praias, montanhas no singular, países no singular, continentes, estados, cidades: Kevin lives in Newton Street. Times Square is in New York. Kennedy airport Victoria Station London Zoo Lake Titicaca Corsica Island Mount Everest My vacation in Italian was great. New York City is marvelous! Centrasl Park Obs: Mas usamos the com nomes de restaurantes, cinemas, teatros, hotéis, bares, museus: ( como vimos no item H) The Hilton (Hotel) / The National Theatre / The Star of India (restaurant) c) antes de festividades, cores, refeições Christmas, Green, Breakfast d) antes de substantivos de uso comum e de substantivos incontáveis. Ex: gold (ouro) money (dinheiro) coffee (café) e) antes de pronomes possessivos. Ex: our dress (nosso vestido), their house (casa deles(as)) f) Lagos no singular - Lake Michigan g) Nomes de ruas e avenidas Willow Street, Seventh Avenue. h) Plurais no sentido geral ( Computers are machines) i) com substantivos que denotem lugar, como SCHOOL, CHURCH, WORK, HOSPITAL, HOME, PRISON, JAIL, UNIVERSITY, BED, DOWNTOWN, quando empregamos com o propósito normal a que eles se destinam: Jack had an accident. He is in hospital. The children are going to school. I go to church. (to pray) Eu vou para a igreja. (para rezar) I go to school. (to study) Eu vou para a escola. (para estudar) Mas: Paul has gone to the hospital to visit a friend. Mother is going to the school to talk to the Principal. Obs: Se desejarmos especificar um nome próprio por exemplo, o artigo será utilizado: The David from Marketing is here to see you, sir. (Aqui fica implícito de que há outros Davids em outros departamento.

5 Is it "a" monster or "the" monster? By Edson Joseph Colortheeyear THE MONSTER IN THE DREAM I saw a monster in an awful dream. The monster saw me And that's no lie! He came after me. I tried to run. He said in a monster voice: You're gonna die! The dream was bad, The monster was bad He ate me up And I ended up in his belly! Next morning I woke up All curled up in my blanket, Promising I'd quit Watching horror movies in the telly! ( ) No dia seguinte acordei ( ) Eu vi um monstro ( ) O sonho era mau. ( ) assistir aos filmes de horror na telinha! ( ) Ele me perseguiu. ( ) em um sonho horroroso. ( ) prometi nunca mais ( ) E não é mentira ( ) Você vai morrer! ( ) O monstro era mau. ( ) O monstro me viu ( ) O monstro do sonho ( ) Então disse com a sua voz monstruosa: ( )enrolado no meu cobertor, ( ) Devorou-me inteiro ( ) E eu tentei correr. ( ) E acabei na sua barriga! 01) Decide whether to use the definite article >the< or not. If you do not need the article >the<, use x. 1) My grandmother likes flowers very much. 2) I love flowers in your garden. 3) See you on Wednesday. 4) I always listen to radio in the morning. 5) Alex goes to work by bus. 6) Don't be late for school. 7) Listen! Dennis is playing trumpet. 8) We often see our cousins over Easter. 9) She has never been to Alps before. 10) What about going to Australia in February? 11) Last year we visited St. Paul's Cathedral and Tower. 12) Mount Everest is highest mountain on earth. 13) Loch Ness is the most famous lake in Scotland. 14) most children like x sweets. 15) summer of 1996 was hot and dry. 16) Plaza Hotel is on the corner of 59th Street and 5th Avenue. 17) My sister often stays at Uncle Tim's in Detroit. 18) Our friends Millers moved to Florida last August. 19) smog is a problem in big cities. 20) Our children go to school by bus. 02) Complete as sentenças abaixo com os artigos (a, an, the ou -x-) a) Fruit is good for our health. b) Nile is most famous river in Egypt. c) I bought bike for my son. bike is red. d) Please, give me glass of water and empty bottle. e) Today, Hawaiian island are part of United States. f) In Alaska, weather is very cold. g) air is necessity; but in this classroom is not fresh. h) Flavia is studying English and her sister is playing piano. i) English class are on Tuesday and Thursday. j) In our Geography class, we are learning a lot about Mars and Jupiter. k) Elizabeth is queen of England. l) Plaza is oldest hotel in Salvador. m) Salvador is capital of Bahia. n) Gabriel saw heir of Tudors last night. o) blood is red. 03) Escolha a alternativa correta: 01) Which of the following alternatives can complete the sentence? Rhine is longest river in Germany. ( ) -x-, a, -x- ( ) -x-, the, -x- ( ) the, the, -x- ( ) the, the, the

6 02) Mark the right option: Dead Sea is located in the Middle East. your uncle arrived last Tuesday. ( ) the, the ( ) the, -x- ( ) -x-, the ( ) a, the 03) Choose the alternative the best completes the sentence: We read long article about United Kingdom. ( ) the, -x- ( ) a, -x- ( ) -x-, -x- ( ) a, the 04) O artigo definido está empregado corretamente na alternativa: ( ) I was in United States the last year. ( ) All the Browns like orange. ( ) The Peter left a minute ago. ( ) The Iraq sells oil to the Brazil. ( ) The cats are domestic animals. 05) Select the best option. There will always be a conflict between poor and rich. poor people want change but rich people want things to stay same. ( ) -x-, -x-, -x-, -x-, -x-, -x-, the ( ) the, the, -x-, -x-, -x-, -x-, the ( ) the, the, the, a, the, -x-, the ( ) the, -x-, the, -x-, the, -x-, the 06) When I was man, I lived in Russia. ( ) the, the ( ) an, -x- ( ) a, -x- ( ) -x-, the 07) Choose the right alternative: Mary's brother doesn't play soccer, but he plays guitar and drums. ( ) the, the, the,-x- ( ) -x-, -x-, -x-, the ( ) -x-, the, -x-, -x- ( ) -x-, -x-, the, the 08) Dadas as sentenças: I. The Browns were here yesterday. II. He is an university student. III. I want an information from you. Constatamos que está(estão) correta(s): ( ) apenas a I ( ) apenas a II ( ) apenas a III ( ) apenas a I e a II 09) Mark the correct alternative: From midnight tonight price of petrol will have rise. rise is caused by the present high price of oil in the Middle East. ( ) -x-, -x-, a, the, a ( ) the, -x-, a, the, -x- ( ) the, the, a, the, -x- ( ) -x-, the, the, a, -x- 10) Select the best option: Paul, doctor, was first person in his city to swim in Mississipi River, on tenth of October 1970, and in Lake Michigan, in 1960's. ( ) a, the,-x-, the, the, -x-, -x-, the ( ) a, a, the, the, the, the, the,-x- ( ) the, the, -x-, the, -x-, -x-, -x-, the ( ) a, -x-, -x-, the, the, the, the, -x- 11) Fill in the blanks with the definite article: Brazil is most industrial country in South America, while United States holds same position in North America. ( ) -x-, the, the, -x-, the, -x- ( ) -x-, the, -x-, the, the, -x- ( ) -x-, the, the, the, the, -x- ( ) the, -x-, -x-, -x-, the, the 12) Assinale a opção correta: coffee is the national drink of Brazil. Coca-Cola is the national drink of United States. ( ) the, the, -x-, -x- ( ) -x-, -x-, -x-, -x- ( ) -x-, -x-, -x-, the ( ) the, the, the, the 13) Fill the blanks with a, an or the. If no word is necessary, put an x. When my family and I moved to south of Wales, I wanted to rent house near River Neath in Black Mountains. I found one which had big garden. I knocked on front door of house and man came out following by dog. ( ) the, the, a, -x-, the, the, -x- the, a, -x- ( ) the, -x-, a, the, the, a, the, the, a, a ( ) a, the, -x-, the, the, a, -x-, a, a, the ( ) -x-, -x-, the, the, the, a, the, the, the, a

7 14) 14) Fill in the blanks with the definite article: I miss Cairo. noise, coffeehouse, women, (From Condé Nest Traveler, June 1984) ( ) -x-, the, the, the ( ) the, -x-, the, -x- ( ) -x-, -x-, the, the ( ) the, the, -x-, -x- 20) Fill in the blanks with the definite article: After he committed many crimes he was sent to prison in state of Arizona. ( ) -x-, -x-, the ( ) -x-, the, -x- ( ) the, the -x- ( ) the, -x-, -x- 15) Fill in the blanks with the definite article: John F. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but Kennedys are still a very important family in country. ( ) -x-, the, the ( ) the, the, the ( ) the, -x-, the ( ) the, the, -x- 16) Fill in the blanks with the definite article: Claudia always buys cheese and milk from Minas Gerais. ( ) -x-, the, the, -x- ( ) -x-, -x-, -x-, -x- ( ) -x-, the, -x-, the ( ) the, -x-, the, -x- 17) Fill in the blanks with the definite article: In Brazil, there are some of the most important rivers in world: Amazonas, São Francisco and Paraná. ( ) -x-, the, the, -x-, the ( ) -x-, the, the, the, -x- ( ) the, the, the, the, the ( ) -x-, the, the, the, the 18) Fill in the blanks with the definite article: - my grandfather usually went to hospital to visit me. - science and religion are often incompatible. ( ) -x-, the, -x-, -x- ( ) the, the, -x-, -x- ( ) -x-, the, the, -x- ( ) -x-, the, the, -x- 19) Fill in the blanks with the definite article: - Simpsons moved to Netherlands. - president of my company talked to President Clinton. ( ) the, -x-, -x-, the ( ) -x-, the, the, the ( ) the, the, the, -x- ( ) -x-, -x-, the, -x-