TEMPOS VERBAIS Presente

Transcrição

1 LÍNGUA INGLESA TEMPOS VERBAIS Presente Professora Leila Eto Tempo Presente O tempo presente é visto como o momento da fala ou escrita, ou um tempo próximo de agora, ou como algo mais geral, um tempo permanente relacionado a verdades e fatos gerais. Utilizam-se mais comumente os tempos verbais nas suas formas simple e progressive para indicarmos o presente. Present tense Form Simple present structure present tense forms of lexical verbs or of auxiliary do 1

2 Exemplos I/you/we/they go to the movies on the weekends. He/she goes to the movies on the weekends. I don t go to the movies on the weekends. Does she go to the movies on the weekends? Form structure Present continuous present tense forms of be + lexical verb in ing form Exemplos I am leaving right now. He/she is leaving right now. We/you/they are leaving right now. Simple present Usamos o presente simples para expressar: 1.hábitos She usually drinks orange juice at breakfast. She only eats vegetables. 2. O present simple também é usado para fatos permanentes. 2 plus four makes six. 3. Também é usado para ações repetidas. We go to work by car every morning. 2

3 4. Para eventos agendados The plane flies to London every Monday. 5. Para instruções ou direções Go straight ahead and turn right at the traffic light. 6. Reações imediatas O simple present pode ser usado para expressar reações experimentadas no momento da fala. That looks too dangerous. It tastes good 7. Verbos de processo mental Verbos como hear, know, *see, suppose, *think, understand são mais usados no presente simples (não continuous). I think he s put on some weight. I see what you mean. *Think Se usado na forma progressiva geralmente significa considerar. I m thinking of moving to Los Angeles. *See Se usado na forma progressiva geralmente significa encontrar, ter um relacionamento com. He s seeing a woman he studies with. 3

4 Atenção: Nas formas afirmativas diremos: I work she works II live he lives I play she plays As terceiras pessoas nas formas afirmativas levarão S, ES ou IES (de acordo com a terminação do verbo) Nos verbos terminados em: o/ ch /sh / x / s Acrescentaremos es (nas terceiras pessoas) go = goes watch = watches finish = finishes fix = fixes pass = passes Nos verbos terminados em y (precedido de consoante) tiraremos o y e acrescentaremos ies. study y = studies try = tries have = has Forma negativa I we you don t + verbo they he she doesn t + verbo (não se acrescenta s!) it 4

5 Forma interrogativa Do I you we + verbo? they Does he she it + verbo? Os adverbs of frequency (always/ never/ often/ sometimes/ usually) são comumente usados com o presente simples. Sheila always goes to the theater on Fridays. I often go to work by car. Cindy never eats breakfast Exemplos: Do you work on the weekends? Yes, I do. Do your children study near here? No, they don t. Does Frank always go to the bank? Yes,he does. What does Frank usually do on the weekends? y He plays soccer. 5

6 EXERCÍCIOS DE FIXAÇÃO 1. Escreva na forma negativa. a. I work very hard. b. Dennis plays soccer very well. c. She goes to the movies on the weekends. d. You do the same thing every day. EXERCÍCIOS DE FIXAÇÃO 2. Coloque o verbo na forma correta, afirmativa ou negativa. a. Robert three languages Portuguese, English and French. (speak) b. I historical movies. They are very boring. (like) c. George is vegetarian. He meat. (eat) d. Sarah on the weekends. She always to the mall on Saturday. (work/go). 6

7 e. Whose book is this? Sorry. I. (know) f. It s a nice city but I the weather. (like) g. Peter and Susan like japanese food but they to the restaurant very often. (go) Formação am/ is / are + verb-ing Presente progressivo É usado para indicar ações que estão ocorrendo no momento ou próximo do momento da fala. Vejam a diferença: Why is he driving like that? Is he drunk? He s changed the way he drives, hasn t he? (faz referência a um comportamento e não necessariamente a algo que esteja acontecendo no momento da fala). Outros exemplos: Please be quiet. The baby is sleeping. You re workingg hard today. Where are the students? They are studying in the classroom. 7

8 O verbo principal que é flexionado terá o acréscimo de ing da seguinte forma: play = playing work = working Se terminado em e: come = coming write = writing dance = dancing Verbos com a formação consoante - vogal consoante: dobra-se a última consoante. run running sit sitting swim -swimming Os seguintes verbos não são geralmente usados em continuous tenses: like love hate want need prefer know suppose mean seem believe remember belong depend understand Forma negativa Iam not verb- ing he she is not verb- ing it we you are not verb- ing they 8

9 Forma interrogativa am I verb ing? he is she verb ing? it we are you verb ing? they Processos de mudanças O presente contínuo é também usado para se referir a processos graduais de mudanças. They are building a new mall. It ll be good for the town but it s taking ages to finish. Com advérbios de frequência indefinida O presente contínuo é usado com advérbios tais como: always, constantly e forever para descrever eventos que são regulares mas não planejados (até mesmo indesejados). I m always losing my cell phone. She s forever doing homework. Verbo be no presente contínuo Quando o *copular verb be é usado no presente contínuo ele se referirá a ações atuais ou comportamento do sujeito (e não qualidade ou atributo do sujeito). Stop it! You re being silly. 9

10 *Copular verb É um verbo que conecta o sujeito ao complemento. Também chamado de linking verb (be; look; feel; taste; smell; sound; seem; appear; get; become; grow; stay; keep; turn; prove; go; remain). EXERCÍCIOS DE FIXAÇÃO 1. Complete as frases usando um dos verbos listados a seguir. Useis ou are. eat play have study listen talk a. Helen chemistry. b. The children in the park. c. George and Paul to music. d. Carolyn an apple. e. Sarah on the phone. f. David s parents lunch. 2. Complete as frases com os verbos a seguir. come surf read do a. Please be quiet. I a book. b. Where s Janet? She s in her bedroom. She the Internet. c. The children their homework. d. Michael and Rose for dinner. 10

11 3. Escolha a opção correta (simple present ou present continuous). a. I a very interesting book. (read / reads / am reading). b. Joanne eight hours a day. (works / work / is working) c. Tonight we a play at the theater. (see / sees / are seeing) d. Who to? (do you speak / are you speaking). e. What will you do if she late? (come / comes / is coming). f. What for breakfast? (do you usually have / are you usually having) g. Your train at 5.15 from platform 3. (leave / leaves / is leaving) h. What (does Carol do / is Carol doing)? She s a doctor. Simple present GABARITO a. I don t work very hard. b. Dennis doesn t play soccer very well. c. She doesn t go to the movies on the weeends. d. You don t do the same thing every day. 11

12 GABARITO 2. a. speaks b. don t like c. doesn t eat d. doesn t work/ goes e. don t know f. don t like g. don t go GABARITO Presente progressivo 1 a. Helen is studying chemistry. b. The children are playing in the park. c. George and Paul are listening to music. d. Carolyn is eating an apple. e. Sarah is talking on the phone. f. David s parents are having lunch. Presente progressivo 2. a. am reading b. is surfing c. are doing d. are coming GABARITO GABARITO 3. a. am reading b. works c. are seeing d. are you speaking e. comes f. do you usually have g. leaves h. does Carol do 12