EIA and SEA differences and relationship

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1 Mestrado em Urbanismo e Ordenamento do Território/ Master in Urban Studies and Territorial Management Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente / Master in Environmental Engineering Avaliação Ambiental Estratégica / Strategic Environmental Assessment 5º ano 1º semestre EIA and SEA differences and relationship 5ª aula Prof. Doutora Maria do Rosário Partidário

2 CONTINUITY ACROSS DECISION- MAKING! POLICIES! PLANS! PROGRAMMES! PROJECTS! IMPACT ASSESSMENT! SEA generic! Policy IA! SEA zoning plans! Sectoral EA Project EIA Regional EA / Programmatic EA

3 ! EIA! New idea! SEA! Same basic methodology! New methodology! EIA-based SEA! Strategic SEA!

4 Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) It is rooted on EIA!! But it works with processes and strategies

5 EIA - you know what you want to assess

6 SEA we have an idea of what we want (visions and intentions), but we do not know exactly what we will do

7 How do you relate SEA and EIA?! EIA - good design SEA - good strategy

8 Difference between EIA and SEA SEA = Strategy, concept Sustainability objectives actions Form: process, trends, continuity actions actions 2-3 years time Sustainability vision EIA = Solution Form: discrete, designed A B C D time

9 Project Transports planning and SEA - levels of decisionmaking Policy related considerations: organisational, regulatory, fiscal and infrastructure policies, for example vehicle taxes according to CO 2 emissions, parking policies, road pricing, speed limits, new infrastructure, better public transport, transport management systems, public campaigns Network-Plan related considerations: multi -modal development options for the transport network for meeting objectives, targets and needs identified through policy consideration s, including new transport infrastructure and transport management measures Policy Network Corridor-Plan related considerations: potential impacts of preferred options within corridors between two main nodes, according to needs identifies through policy and network considerations Corridor Programme related considerations: identifying priority projects using multi - criteria-analysis or cost -benefit analysis Programme 2.

10 Key questions for EIA and SEA!! SEA = GOOD STRATEGY EIA = GOOD DESIGN! What are your objectives?! What are key drivers?! What are your strategic options?! What are key restrictions?! What are major interests?! What are the most important policies to be met?! What are the main characteristics of the projects?! Where is it located?! What are project alternatives?! What are its main physical, social, economic effects?! What are its major impacts?! What are the mitigation measures?!

11 Key differences between SEA and EIA SEAs broadly follows basic principles of EIA (eg transparency, participation, etc.) SEA have much larger boundaries than EIA in terms of time, space and subject coverage SEA is driven by the analysis, comparison and assessment of major strategic options SEAs is mainly focused on the causes of impact rather than on the effects SEAs can recommend (i) changes within the proposed plans or programmes, (ii) improvements in coordination between relevant agencies, (iii) new cross-sectoral interventions, iv) suggestions for EIAs of future projects and improve their quality

12 Key differences between EIA and SEA include SEA Nature of action Strategy, visions, concepts Construction / operation actions Level of decision Policy, planning, programming Plan, Programme, Project Focus Relation to decision Alternatives Scale of impacts Critical decision moments along the decision processes Facilitator Spatial balance of location, technologies, fiscal measures, economic, social or physical strategies Macroscopic, mainly global, national, regional EIA Products of decision processes (final outcomes) Evaluator, often only to meet administrative requirement Specific alternative locations, design, construction, operation Microscopic, mainly local Time scale Long to medium term Medium to short-term

13 Key data sources Data Rigor of analysis SEA State of the Environment Reports, Local Agenda 21, statistical data, policy and planning instruments Mainly descriptive but mixed with quantifiable Less rigor/more uncertainty EIA Field work, sample analysis, statistical data Mainly quantifiable More rigor/less uncertainty Outputs Broad brush Detailed Public perception Postevaluation Vague / distant Other strategic actions or project planning (cont.) More reactive (NIMBY) Objective evidence / construction and operation

14 Very important SEA does not / should not replace EIA but EIA will benefit by having a better context for improved performance if SEA is in place

15 Qual a melhor maneira de perceber a AAE? Avaliação Ambiental + Estratégica Ou será melhor AAE = BOA ESTRATÉGIA AIA = BOM DESENHO

16 Em AAE Algumas diferenças fundamentais entre AAE e AIA A perspectiva é estratégica e de longo prazo Em AIA A perspectiva é de execução e de curto e médio prazo O processo é cíclico e contínuo Não se procura saber o futuro, o objectivo é ajudar a construir um futuro desejável A definição do que se pretende fazer é vaga, a incerteza é enorme e os dados são sempre muito insuficientes O seguimento da AAE faz-se através da preparação e desenvolvimento de políticas, planos, programas e projectos A estratégia pode nunca vir a ser concretizada uma vez que as acções previstas em planos e programas podem nunca ser executadas O processo é discreto, motivado por propostas concretas de intervenção O projecto de intervenção tem que ser conhecido com o nível de pormenor adequado A definição do que se pretende fazer é relativamente precisa e os dados são razoavelmente disponíveis ou podem ser recolhidos em campo O seguimento da AIA faz-se através da construção e exploração do projecto Os projectos sujeitos a AIA são executados, uma vez assegurada a sua viabilidade ambiental.