As questões de 01 a 05, cujas respostas deverão ser redigidas EM PORTUGUÊS, referem -se ao texto abaixo.

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1 Confira se os dados contidos na parte inferior desta capa estão corretos e, em seguida, assine no espaço reservado para isso. Se, em qualquer outro local deste Caderno, você assinar, rubricar, escrever mensagem, etc., será excluído do Exame. Este Caderno contém 05 questões discursivas referentes à Prova da Língua Estrangeira escolhida pelo candidato. Não destaque nenhuma folha. Se o Caderno estiver incompleto ou contiver imperfeição gráfica que impeça a leitura, solicite imediatamente ao Fiscal que o substitua. Será avaliado apenas o que estiver escrito no espaço reservado para cada resposta, razão por que os rascunhos não serão considerados. Escreva de modo legível, pois dúvida gerada por grafia, sinal ou rasura impli cará redução de pontos. 6 Só será permitido o uso de dicionário INGLÊS/INGLÊS. 7 Use exclusivamente caneta esferográfica, confeccionada em material transparente, de tinta preta ou azul. Em nenhuma hipótese se avaliará resposta escrita com grafite. 8 Utilize para rascunhos o verso de cada página deste Caderno. 9 Você dispõe de, no máximo, três horas, para responder as 5 questões que constituem a Prova. 10 Antes de retirar-se definitivamente da sala, devolva ao Fiscal este Caderno. Assinatura do Candidato:

2 As questões de 01 a 05, cujas respostas deverão ser redigidas EM PORTUGUÊS, referem -se ao texto abaixo. The advent of open source democracy and wikipolitics: challenges, threats and opportunities for democratic discourse Vasilis Kostakis A radical change in the organization of information production has been observed during last decades. Two parallel shifts have taken place: The most economically advanced societies are moving towards an information-based economy (i.e., emphasis on financial services, marketing, software, science, and culture), while the declining costs of information and communication technologies (ICTs) make them available to a much wider portion of the world s populat ion (Benkler, 2006). This has led, in turn, to the creation of a new communicational, interconnected, virtual environment in which a new social, productive, and exchange model has emerged that is radically different from the industrial one (Benkler, 2006). This new paradigm has been described by Benkler (2006) as commons -based peer production, which reduces the value of proprietary strategies and makes shared information more important through large-scale, cooperative information production efforts. Bruns (2008) has called this era produsage, where produsers (producers + users) simultaneously innovate, produce, distribute, and consume, all premised on an ethos of participation, sharing, communication, and collaboration. Therefore, peer production, in th is context, is a new mode of production that has been enabled through Internet-based coordination, where decisions arise from the free engagement and cooperation of the people who coalesce to create common value. It is a mode arguably more productive in the creation, production, and distribution of nonmaterial value (i.e., knowledge, information, or culture), in which the creative energy of multitudes is coordinated into meaningful projects without the traditional hierarchical organization (Bauwens, 2005a, 2005b; Benkler, 2006). The on-line free encyclopedia Wikipedia, which hosts millions of pages of information and knowledge; the thousands applications of FLOSS (i.e., free/libre/open source software, e.g., Linux); the Apache Web server that provides a foundation for open, collaborative software development projects; and the LibriVox project, a digital library of free public -domain audio books read and recorded by volunteers, are just a few examples of the legion of the ongoing peer production endeavors. Simultaneously, it has been frequently argued (Bauwens, 2005a; Benkler, 2006; Lessig, 2004) that culture is becoming more participatory and self -reflective, where many more of us participate actively in making cultural moves and finding meaning in the world around us (Benkler, 2006, p. 15). Millions of blogs, the open access movement, and the free dissemination of music, photography, and literature via Creative Commons licenses provide an account of the so-called free culture movement (Lessig, 2004). The present paper, by and large, subscribes to this perspective and takes it as its framework and starting point. This, in turn, leads to several questions. If produsers in the economic arena can create common value via open, self-governed, networked, virtual communities especially regarding nonmaterial production what should and/or could be done in the procedure of democratic discourse? If, as argued by Surowiecki (2004), the crowds are actually wiser than the few experts and capable of making better decisions under certain conditions (that is, the crowd needs to be diverse and decentralized with independent members), then how can modern ICTs of the so-called networked area, in coordination with the open source culture, summarize citizens opinions, arguments, and suggestions into a collective verdict that may provide societies with co-created political value? What effect can the open source movement in software and knowledge production have on enhancing and enriching modern democratic structures? What are the dangers of such a shift of the democratic process? This paper addresses the concept of wikipolitics, examining whether and how wikipolitics can facilitate an environment for peer production in the political field, and discussing the potential dangers, based on the study of a prominent peer project, Wikipedia. Disponível em: Acesso em 18 jun UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2011_2 Inglês Ciências Humanas e Sociais 1

3 Questão 1 Explique quais são, segundo o autor, as duas mudanças pelas quais a organização da produção de informação vem passando durante as últimas décadas. Questão 2 No que consiste o termo produsage usado por Bruns (2008) para classificar a nova era? UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2011_2 Inglês Ciências Humanas e Sociais 2

4 Questão 3 Discorra sobre a premissa de que a cultura está se tornando mais participativa e auto-reflexiva em função da criação coletiva e cite um exemplo apresentado no texto. Questão 4 Como o estudo reportado no artigo aborda a questão da wikipolítica? UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2011_2 Inglês Ciências Humanas e Sociais 3

5 Questão 5 Traduza o fragmento textual abaixo no espaço reservado para isso. Seu texto deverá apresentar clareza e estar bem articulado tanto em termos estruturais quanto de sentido. The present paper, by and large, subscribes to this perspective and takes it as its framework and starting point. This, in turn, leads to several questions. If produsers in the economic arena can create common value via open, self-governed, networked, virtual communities especially regarding nonmaterial production what should and/or could be done in the procedure of democratic discourse? ESPAÇO DESTINADO AO TEXTO DEFINITIVO UFRN Exame de Proficiência 2011_2 Inglês Ciências Humanas e Sociais 4