Use of either neither, too, so and as well. Prof Marcelo Pereira de Leão

Transcrição

1 Use of either neither, too, so and as well Prof Marcelo Pereira de Leão

2 COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 1 USO DE ALSO E TOO ADVÉRBIOS TRADUÇÕES APLICAÇÕES EXEMPLOS ALSO também antes de verbos principais depois de verbos auxiliares She also sings. She is also a singer. final de frases TOO também afirmativas e interrogativas/afirmativ as She sings, too. Does she sing, too? demais antes de adjetivos e advérbios She is too old. She came too early. OBSERVAÇÃO: Só se pode usar too em frases negativas com a tradução de "demais" (antes de adjetivos e advérbios). That house is not too far. Your car is not too good, is it?

3 COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 2 USO DE EITHER E NEITHER ADVÉRBIOS TRADUÇÕES APLICAÇÕES EXEMPLOS qualquer um(a) (de 2) em frases afirmativas Here you have two apples: take either. Wear either coat. nenhum(a) em frases I didn t study and she (de 2) negativas didn't study, either. EITHER em frases negativas, quando também houver repetição da forma verbal Here are two apples: don't take either. inicial (pouco usual) Here are two apples: take NEITHER nenhum(a) (de 2) em frases afirmativas e só afirmativas neither. Neither of them was intelligent.

4 INGLÊS, 3º Ano do Ensino Médio Use of either, neither, too, so and as well COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 3 USO DE EITHER... OR... E NEITHER... NOR... FORMAS TRADUÇÕES APLICAÇÕES EXEMPLOS EITHER... OR... ou... ou... em frases afirmativas Either you or he is lying. nem... nem... em frases negativas We can't either read or write. NEITHER... NOR... nem... nem... em frases afirmativas e só afirmativas Neither you nor he is lying NOTE QUE: Você pode substituir frases negativas com either... or... por afirmativas com neither... nor... Don t touch either the ash-tray or the jar. Touch neither the ash-tray nor the jar. Uma frase pode ser negativa quando aparecerem as expressões never (nunca), hardly (dificilmente), seldom e rarely (raramente) e without (sem). She left without touching either the food or the drinks. I rarely go either to the movies or to the theatre.

5 COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 4 ADDITIONS TO REMARK (EITHER / NEITHER / TOO / AS WELL / SO) Affirmative statement Addition to remark and + sujeito + v. auxiliar + too / as well too / as well. and I do He wants to be a psychologist and + so + v. auxiliar + sujeito and so do I. Negative statement Addition to remark and + sujeito + v. aux. (forma neg.) + either and I don't either.

6 COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 5 ORAÇÕES AFIRMATIVAS THEY ARE LEARNING ENGLISH AND Eles estão aprendendo inglês e nós também. WE ARE TOO / AS WELL SO ARE WE HE WENT TO THE MOVIES AND Ele foi ao cinema e ela também. SHE DID TOO / AS WELL SO DID SHE I COULD PLAY BASKETBALL AND Eu podia jogar basquete e você(s) também. YOU COULD TOO / AS WELL SO COULD YOU

7 COMPONENTE TEÓRICO 6 ORAÇÕES NEGATIVAS THEY AREN'T LEARNING ENGLISH (Eles não estão aprendendo inglês) AND WE AREN'T EITHER (e nós também não) NEITHER/NOR ARE WE (nem nós) HE DIDN'T GO TO THE MOVIES (Ele não foi ao cinema) AND SHE DIDN'T EITHER (e ela também não) NEITHER/NOR DID SHE (nem ela) I COULDN T PLAY BASKETBALL AND (Eu não podia jogar basquete) YOU COULDN'T EITHER (e você(s) também não) NEITHER/NOR COULD YOU (nem você)

8 1. Terence listens to the radio, too. 2. I also want to go to the movies. 3. They are also / too good speakers. 4. Either of them was intelligent. (Qualquer um, entre dois) 5. She wears rings on either hand. (qualquer uma) 6. Which dress did you like? - I liked neither. (nenhum dos dois)

9 1. Choose either this car or that boat. (ou) (ou) 2. Choose neither this car nor that boat. (nem) (nem) 3. I hardly eat either fish or crabs. (nem) (nem)

10 Do not use a comma when two phrases or words are joined. Computer scientists and engineers need to be good writers. Both lunch and dinner will be served. Neither the campus bookstore nor the downtown bookstore has good prices.

11 The subject closer to the verb determines if the verb is singular or plural in sentences with correlative conjunctions. Not only my best friend but my parents are also here. Not only my parents but my best friend is also here.

12 Do not join coordinating conjunctions with other conjunctions within the same sentence. Incorrect Although he got a B on test, but he is still not happy. Correct He got a B on the test, but he is still not happy.

13 Each coordinating conjunction has a different use.

14 Use and to add information. We are going to write essays and read many articles in this class.

15 Use but to show contrast. We will work hard, but it will be fun to learn a lot.

16 Use or to give a choice. The first assignment will be a narrative or an argumentative essay.

17 Use yet to show contrast. The teacher is a hard grader, yet her scores are always fair.

18 Use so to show a result. She got A grades on all of her work, so she hopes to get an A in the class.

19 Use for to show a reason. He will pass the class, for he worked hard and got good grades. Note: The conjunction for means because, but it is not used very often to express this meaning. The preferred connector is because.

20 Use both and or not only but also to add emphasis. Both solar and wind energy are alternatives to oil and coal. Computer hackers not only slow business but also damage computer systems.

21 Use neither nor to emphasize both are negative. Neither students nor teachers look forward to the start of the school year.

22 Use either or to express choice. He wants a computer made by either Dell or IBM.

23 Gerunds: Working, eating, and sleeping in such a small space require cooperation.

24 Note: When you write more than two parallel items, use commas to separate them. The comma before the conjunction is optional but often preferred in academic writing. It is difficult to work, study, and take care of small children at the same time.

25 Words, phrases, or clauses must be parallel when they are joined by not only but also, both and, either or, or neither nor. Not only ranchers but also farmers are affected by government policies. Both Jenny and Judy play water polo. We will either see a movie or go out to dinner tonight. My son was neither anxious nor upset at the dentist s office.

26 Not only but also Regular word order: Debbie not only likes to swim, but she also likes to run. Inverted word order: Not only does Debbie like to swim, but she also likes to run. Regular word order: There is not only a test tomorrow, but there is also an essay due. Inverted word order: Not only is there a test tomorrow, but there is also an essay due.

27 INGLÊS Ensino Fundamental, 9 ano Used to ( repetive action in past)

28 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) I used to play volleyall with my friends, but I m too old for that now! Imagem: Scattata da it : Utente Shaka/Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic

29 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) Used to A forma used to é usado antes do infinitivo de outro verbo para indicar um hábito ou situação que acontecia no passado e que não ocorre mais no presente. I used to play volleyall with my friends, but I m too old for that now! Eu costumava jogar vôlei com meus amigos, mas estou tão velho para isso agora.

30 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) He used to swim in the river years ago. Ele costumava nadar no lago anos atrás. She used to dance ballet. Ela costumava dançar ballet

31 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) ESTRUTURA: Forma afirmativa I You He She It We You They used to + verbo + complemento

32 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) Lembrando: I eu You você/ vocês He- ele ( pessoa) She ela ( pessoa) It ele/ ela ( neutro) We nós They eles/ elas

33 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) She used to have long hair. Ela costumava ter cabelo grande Imagem: Ed Yourdon/Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic

34 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) My brother used to be a good football player when he was young. Meu irmão costumava ser um bom jogador de futebol quando ele era jovem. Imagem: EileenSandá/ GNU Free Documentation License

35 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) ESTRUTURA: Forma negativa I You He She It We You They didn t use to + verbo + complemento

36 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) Usamos o auxiliar did not ( ou didn t), pois used to refere-se ao passado. Ao colocar did, retiramos o d do verbo used.

37 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) She did not use to travel to Japan. Ela não costumava viajar para o Japão Imagem: Okajun/ GNU Free Documentation License

38 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) My father did not use to smoke five years ago. Meu pai não costumava fumar cinco anos atrás. Imagem: Tomasz Siennicki/ GNU Free Documentation License

39 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) Last year I didn t use to eat vegetables. Ano passado eu não costumava comer vegetais. Imagem: Hrushi3030/Public Domain

40 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) ESTRUTURA: Forma interrogativa Did I Did You Did He Did She Did It Did We Did You Did They use to + verbo + complemento +?

41 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) Usamos ainda o auxiliar did mas ele fica agora no início da frase. Ao colocar did, lembre-se de retirar o d do verbo used. Ao fim da frase interrogativa, colocamos o sinal de interrogação.

42 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) Did Helen use to work in the USA years ago? Helen costumava trabalhar nos Estados Unidos anos atrás? Imagem: Lyght/GNU Free Documentation License

43 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) Did They use to have a cat? Eles costumavam ter um gato? Did Carlos used to ride a bike? Carlos costumava andar de bicicleta?

44 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) Did Rafaela use to eat apples? Rafaela costumava comer maçãs? Did You used to live abroad? Você costumava morar fora?

45 Inglês, 9 ano, Used to (repetive action in past) Comparando as três formas, temos: AFIRMATIVA: I used to be more patiente ( eu costumava ser mais paciente) NEGATIVA: I didn t use to be more patient INTERROGATIVA: Did I use to be more patient?

46