Pesquisa para Inovação em São Paulo, Brasil Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz Science Director São Paulo Research Foundation, FAPESP 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 1
R&D in Brazil A strong academic base 18,000 Doctorates granted yearly 40,000+ scientific papers published yearly Challenges: impact, reduce geographic concentration in SE, strengthen international cooperation Growing industry R&D Brazilian companies: Petrobrás: 11st in R&D in Oil Sector Embraer: 17th in R&D in Aerospace Embrapa and state institutes: agrobusiness driver (Brazil 1st in soy productivity, 1st in meat exports,..) Challenges: too incremental, weak international focus, only 30% of scientists work in industry, weak IP creation, heterogeneously distributed 20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 2
R&D in the State of São Paulo, Brazil São Paulo 41 million inhabitants 20% of Brazil s population 32% of Brazil s GDP 45% of the scientific articles with Brazilian authors 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 3
Sistema paulista de C&T 20160801 c&t-sp-ufscar-ccts-20160801.pptx 4
Pesquisadores em São Paulo, 2015 20160801 c&t-sp-ufscar-ccts-20160801.pptx 5
São Paulo: R&D Expenditures, 2012, by source R&D intensity 1.7% of state GDP From1.52% em 2008 Gov. expenditure State 63% Federal 37% 20160801 c&t-sp-ufscar-ccts-20160801.pptx 6
Brasil: R&D Expenditures, 2012, by source R&D intensity 1,15% of GDP Gov. expenditure States 33% Federal 67% 20160801 c&t-sp-ufscar-ccts-20160801.pptx 7
Brasil, outside São Paulo: R&D expenditures, 2012, by source R&D intensity 0.95% of GDP Gov. expenditure States 19% Federal 81% 20160801 c&t-sp-ufscar-ccts-20160801.pptx 8
Business and Non-Business R&D as a % of regional GDP 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 9
P&D em São Paulo Ambiente favorável para pesquisa e para interações Universidades, institutos, empresas Colaboração em pesquisa universidade-empresa Criação de Start-ups 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 10
universities industry Universities and Industry Cooperative Research papers science patents New technology wealth Old technology E. Mansfield, 1995 NSF, 1996 CNI, 1997 09/03/2017 pesq-para-inovacao-sp-020150818.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 11
% dos recursos para P&D obtidos de empresas: USP, UNESP, Unicamp... 09/03/2017 pesq-para-inovacao-sp-020150818.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 12
% dos recursos para P&D obtidos de empresas: USP, UNESP, Unicamp e EUA USP UNESP UNICAMP 09/03/2017 pesq-para-inovacao-sp-020150818.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 13
Embraer-FAPESP: R&D to build an innovative jet Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation and tests Research co-funded by FAPESP, involving several universities 09/03/2017 desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 14
FAPESP-Industry-University Engineering Research Centers Center is hosted in a university, PI is a professor Adjunct Director is a researcher from the company as a visiting professor at the university Other company researchers as visiting professor are more than welcome 10 year contract; cost sharing FAPESP:Industry:University - 1:1:2 R$ 2 10 million per year from FAPESP and Company, plus labor costs by university Peugeot-Citroen: Biofuel Engines Engineering Research Center; hosted at Unicamp (incl. ITA, USP, Mauá): FAPESP R$ 8M/PCBA R$ 8M/Unicamp+ R$ 16 million Total: R$ 32M GSK Engineering Research Center on Target Discovery: FAPESP R$ 13M/GSK R$ 11M/R$ 33M I. Butantan Total: R$ 57M Engineering Research Center on Sustainable Chemistry: FAPESP R$ 5M/GSK R$ 5,5M/R$ 20M UFSCAR Total R$ 31M British Gas ERC on Natural Gas; FAPESP R$ 27M/BG R$ 20M/USP+: R$ 43M Total R$ 100M Natura Applied Research Center on Well-being and Human Behavior; FAPESP R$ 10M/Natura R$ 10M/USP+: R$ 43M Total R$ 63M 27/11/2013 univ-industry-20140817.pptx;chbritocruz 15
Advanced Molecular Biology for Agriculture 3/9/2017 cenarios-para-inovacao-20160718.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 16
SGC-Oxford-Toronto-Campinas-Chapel Hill: novos fármacos 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 17
Pesquisa Inovativa na Pequena Empresa PIPE FAPESP Pesquisa na pequena empresa potencial de retorno comercial aumento da competitividade da empresa estimular a criação de cultura de inovação permanente (FAPESP 1997) Condições não se exige contrapartida até R$ 1.200.000 por projeto pesquisador principal deve ser vinculado à empresa 09/03/2017 fapesp-pesq-inovacao-20160228.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 18
PIPE FAPESP: 140 contratações em 2015 233 em 2016 2016: até 22 de setembro 09/03/2017 fapesp-pesq-inovacao-20160228.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 19
PIPE FAPESP: valor contratado por ano 09/03/2017 fapesp-pesq-inovacao-20160228.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 20
FAPESP PIPE no Estado de São Paulo Munic. Qtd SP 423 Campinas 264 S. Carlos 247 SJCampos 116 Rib. Preto 78 Piracicaba 35 Botucatu 25 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 21
Unicamp start-ups: 434 companies, >21.000 jobs, yearly rev. R$ 3 billion 09/03/2017 fapesp12-20131115.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 22
3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 23
Obstáculos: muitos e em muitos lugares (Phys. Today, 2008) 27/11/2013 p&d-e-inovação-20140331.pptx;chbritocruz 24
FAPESP s University-Industry Engineering Research Centers Centro Centro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobre Motores a Biocombustível Centro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobre Química Verde Centro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobre Descoberta de Moléculas Alvo de Origem Natural para Drogas Centro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobre Gás Natural Centro de Pesquisa Aplicada sobre Bem Estar Humano Empresa/ Univ ou Inst. Pq. Peugeot-Citroen Unicamp e outras GSK Ufscar e outras GSK Inst. Butantan British Gas Poli, USP e outras Natura Inst. Psicologia, USP+ Valores contratados FAPESP: R$ 8 M PCBA: R$ 8 M Unicamp+: R$ 16 M FAPESP: R$ 5 M GSK: R$ 5,5 M Ufscar+: R$ 20 M FAPESP: R$ 13 M GSK: R$ 11 M Inst. Butantan: R$ 33 M FAPESP: R$ 27 M BG: R$ 30 M USP+: R$ 43 FAPESP: R$ 10 M Empresas: R$ 10 M Univ/Inst.: R$ 20 M 3/9/2017 cenarios-para-inovacao-20160718.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 25
Ideas migth start as abstractions 09/03/2017 desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 26
...then evolve into a concrete idea that industry can recognize... 09/03/2017 desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 27
Result: FAPESP-Embraer-Poli, USP Research Center for Comfort Engineering 09/03/2017 desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 28
Brazil: some R&D based results Energy self sufficiency Bioenergy: more liters of ethanol than liters of gasoline used every year Largest and most efficient Ethanol producer in the world 35% of world Ethanol production > 1 milion flex-fel vehicles, 95% of sales Prospecting, finding and extracting oil at >5,000 ft under the sea Jet planes Embraer ERJ 145, ERJ 190 Starting 2006: 90-110 seat jet ERJ 190 Food for the world Most productive soybean in the world Largest meat producer 20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 29
Innovation environment: Continuing policies Industry R&D and innovation (1999), Sectoral Funds (2000), II National S&T&I Conference (2001), Innovation Law submitted to Congress (2002) Innovation Law: Law 10.937/2004 University-Industry joint R&D Academic Intellectual Property Fostering industrial R&D Tax incentives, procurement, subvention, subsidized loans Plus: Industrial and Technology Policy (PITCE, PDP, PACTI) Focal sectors, articulation Plus: states initatives State Foundations, Technology and Science Parks, Universities, Institutes,... 20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 30
Business R&D Expenditures as % of Total São Paulo s R&D Expenditures 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 31
Ligthweigth Structures Lab: Embraer, IPT, ITA; funded by BNDES, FINEP, FAPESP 25/08/2015 desafios-c+t-brasil-confap-20150825.pptx;chbritocruz 32
Business R&D in Brazil A strong academic base 18,000 Doctorates granted yearly 40,000+ scientific papers published yearly Challenges: impact, reduce geographic concentration in SE, strengthen international cooperation Business R&D Brazilian companies: Petrobrás: 11st in R&D in Oil Sector Embraer: 17th in R&D in Aerospace Embrapa and state institutes: agrobusiness driver (Brazil 1st in soy productivity, 1st in meat exports,..) Challenges: too incremental, weak international focus, only 30% of scientists work in industry, weak IP creation, heterogeneously distributed 20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 33
São Paulo s S&T System: 14,787 innovative companies 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 34
Brasil: R&D Expenditures, 2012, by source R&D intensity 1,15% of GDP Gov. expenditure States 33% Federal 67% 20150428 s+t-sao-paulo-fw-usa-20160326.pptx 35
Business and Non-Business R&D as a % of regional GDP 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 36
Business R&D Expenditures as % of Total Brazilian R&D Expenditures 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 37
Brasil: patentes concedidas pelo USPTO 3/9/2017 analise-producao-cientifica-20160907.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 38
China, India, Brazil: patentes concedidas pelo USPTO 3/9/2017 analise-producao-cientifica-20160907.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 39
Patents grantes by USPTO per 10 thousand business researchers 3/9/2017 analise-producao-cientifica-20160907.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 40
Incentives and Challenges for Business R&D in Brazil Incentives Tax breaks Subsidies IP System Gov t procurement University/Institutes collaboration Education (Higher Ed) Desincentivos Labor costs Fiscal system Complexity and cost Slow IP system Legal uncertainty Changing norms/rules Infraestructure Including low quality of the Basic Education system Development Policy oriented to internal market Corruption 3/9/2017 cenarios-para-inovacao-20160718.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 41
Innovation happens in the business sector: Adam Smith, 1776 A great part of the machines made use of in those manufactures in which labour is most subdivided, were originally the inventions of common workmen, who, being each of them employed in some very simple operation, naturally turned their thoughts towards finding out easier and readier methods of performing it. All the improvements in machinery, however, have by no means been the inventions of those who had occasion to use the machines. Many improvements have been made by the ingenuity of the makers of the machines, when to make them became the business of a peculiar trade; and some by that of those who are called philosophers or men of speculation, whose trade it is not to do anything, but to observe everything; and who, upon that account, are often capable of combining together the powers of the most distant and dissimilar objects. 3/9/2017 42 cenarios-para-inovacao-20160718.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Brasil: 10 main grantees USPTO, 2005-2015 Qtd Titular 123 PETROLEO BRASILEIRO S.A. PETROBRAS 75 WHIRLPOOL S.A. 64 FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR, INC. 60 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION 58 EMBRAER - EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE AERONAUTICA S.A. 44 VOITH PAPER PATENT GMBH 35 EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE COMPRESSORES S/A-EMBRACO 25 FUNDACAO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SAO PAULO 24 PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, INC. 23 TYCO ELECTRONICS BRASIL LTDA. 3/9/2017 analise-producao-cientifica-20160907.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 43
Microorganismos para biocombustíveis Pesquisa FAPESP Cinco pesquisadores contratados por uma empresa. Essa foi a boa experiência vivida dentro do grupo do professor Gonçalo Guimarães Pereira, do Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioquímica do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). 09/03/2017 desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 44
Business R&D Expenditures as % of Total São Paulo s R&D Expenditures 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 45
Comunicações Ópticas em Campinas: fluxo de pessoas e ideias 09/03/2017 pesq-para-inovacao-sp-020150818.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 46
Coherent Optical Technologies PADTEC, Unicamp, FAPESP Photonics Technology Letters,...> Volume:21 Issue:12, 2009 Rise Time and Gain Fluctuations of an Electrooptical Amplified Switch Based on Multipulse Injection in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers Ribeiro, N.S. ; Dept. of Microwaves & Opt., Univ. of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ; Toazza, A.L. ; Gallep, C.M. ; Conforti, E. 20150428 espca-photonics-20160718.pptx 47
CPqD Telecomm. Research Center CPqD and EE Unicamp Online the week of July 17 th 20150428 espca-photonics-20160718.pptx 48
Results can be, and are, published 09/03/2017 desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 49
74 Thousand Researchers R$ 27,5 billion in R&D in 2015 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 50
Três mitos e lendas sobre P&D em São O esforço de P&D das empresas é pequeno Paulo A colaboração Universidade-Empresa em pesqusia é incipiente A cultura vigente nas universidades não favorece o empreendedorismo 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 51
Três mitos e lendas sobre P&D em São O esforço de P&D das empresas é pequeno Paulo A colaboração Universidade-Empresa em pesquisa é incipiente A cultura vigente nas universidades não favorece o empreendedorismo 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 52
Três mitos e lendas sobre P&D em São O esforço de P&D das empresas é pequeno Paulo A colaboração Universidade-Empresa em pesquisa é incipiente A cultura vigente nas universidades não favorece o empreendedorismo 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 53
Três mitos e lendas sobre P&D em São O esforço de P&D das empresas é pequeno Paulo A colaboração Universidade-Empresa em pesquisa é incipiente A cultura vigente nas universidades não favorece o empreendedorismo 3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 54
3/9/2017 fapesp10-en-20130225-usc.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 55
FAPESP-Industry joint research program FAPESP and Company associate to invite and select proposals Themes proposed by company Exploratory research (adequate for academic environment) Joint Steering Committee Merit analysis and selection using reviewers chosen by FAPESP and the Company Embraer, Natura, Ouro Fino, Oxiteno, Microsoft Research, Telefonica, Dedini, PadTec, Ci&T, Braskem, Whirlpool, Sabesp, Boeing, GSK, Intel, Vale, Biolab, Boticário, BG, Peugeot-Citroen, Medimmune-AZ,... 27/11/2013 univ-industry-20140817.pptx;chbritocruz 56
FAPESP+Peugeot-Citroen: Advanced Research 10 year contract Unicamp, USP, Mauá, ITA Researchers from universities and from company Vice-director is a Company scientist Center for Biofuel Engines Other 4 ERCs: Natura Glaxxo-Smith-Kline, GSK Green Chemistry Target Discovery British Gas, BG 09/03/2017 ensino superior-ciencia-inovacao-wkshop-simon-0201504240.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 57
FAPESP-BG Brasil-Poli, USP: Center for Research and Innovation in Natural Gas 25/08/2015 desafios-c+t-brasil-confap-20150825.pptx;chbritocruz 58
Glaxo, Smith, Kline (GSK) and FAPESP GSK-FAPESP Center for Target Discovery Butantan Institute Identification of molecular targets and signaling pathways applicable to inflamatory diseases as reumathoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenarative diseases Use of natural products such as venoms and animal secretions to be validated as theurapeutic targets for new drugs GSK-FAPESP Center for Green Chemistry Federal Univ. S. Carlos; with Unicamp, USP-RP, UNESP, UFSC Reducing environmental impact in organic synthesis Use of sustainable solvents, energy sources, safer reactants, cleaner processes, renewable feedstocks 09/03/2017 fapesp12-20131115.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 59
PhDs graduated yearly Brazil, UK, Japan, S. Korea Source: S&E Indicators 2014, NSB and CAPES, Brazil 20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 60