The many faces of science: applied, basic, fundamental, exploratory, innovative,

Transcrição

1 The many faces of science: applied, basic, fundamental, exploratory, innovative, Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz Scientific Director, FAPESP 29/08/2012 faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz 1

2 Idéias que mudam o mundo: Transistor, /06/2009, pol-publ-inoval.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 2

3 Idéias que demoram pouco para ir ao mercado 29/08/ faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz

4 Idaias que demoram para ir ao mercado (JAMA, 11 de Abril de 2007) 29/08/2012 faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz 4

5 Ideias que começam abstratas 30/08/2012 fapesp pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 5

6 A ideia vira algo que a indústria pode captar 30/08/2012 fapesp pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 6

7 Resultado: Centro FAPESP-Embraer de Engenharia de Conforto na Poli, USP 30/08/2012 fapesp pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 7

8 Research by function, I Basic systematic study directed toward fuller knowledge or understanding of the fundamental aspects of phenomena and of observable facts without specific applications towards processes or products in mind. Applied systematic study to gain knowledge or understanding necessary to determine the means by which a recognized and specific need may be met. Development systematic application of knowledge or understanding, directed toward the production of useful materials, devices, and systems or methods, including design, development, and improvement of prototypes and new processes to meet specific requirements. 29/08/2012 faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz 8

9 The funders of research, U.S Others University Basic Applied Development Industry Federal Gov /08/2012 faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz 9

10 The places of research and what kind of research they do, U.S Others University Basic Applied Development Industry Federal Gov /08/2012 faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz 10

11 The places of research Universities Basic (large), Applied (some), Development (small) Business (Industry) Basic (small), Applied (some), Development (large) Mission oriented research institutes Basic (small), Applied (more than some), Development (some) 29/08/2012 faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz 11

12 Expenditures by source and function (Mill. US$) Expenditures by performer and function (Mill. US$) R&D in the U.S., 2009: Sources and Performers Financiadores Realizadores 250 Federal Gov. 250 Federal Gov Industry University Others Industry University Others Development Applied Basic 0 Development Applied Basic Fonte: NSB, Science and Engineering Indicators /08/2012 faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz 12

13 Science classified by function another view Science that helps business competitivity Science that heals the sick Science that makes the poor rich Science that makes mankind wiser Is in all fields Fundamental questions Philosophy, Archeology, Astonomy, Astrophysics, Particle Physics, Arts, Biology,.. Dangers of Utilitarianism short-termism, lost opportunities, ignorance,... Congresso U.S. x Political Science Ciência sem Fronteiras x Humanidades e Ciência Social 29/08/2012 faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz 13

14 How did Man come to America? 8/30/2012 fapesp10-en ianas.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 14

15 A Filosofia grega 30/08/2012 fapesp pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 15

16 Ciência Política comparada 30/08/2012 fapesp pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 16

17 Municipal level quality index Municipal level quality index Center for Metropolitan Studies: public policy research Quality of public education Quality of public health Poor people concentration (2000) Poor people concentration (2000) (Source: Marta Arretche (USP and CEBRAP), presentation at FAPESP Week, Oct. 26, 2011) 8/30/2012 fapesp10-en ianas.pptx; C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 17

18 Usefulness of useless knowledge, A. Flexner, /08/2012 faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz 18

19 Pesquisa Básica ou Pesquisa Aplicada? Pesquisa Pura x Pesquisa Impura??!! Pesquisa Básica não pode ter Aplicação?? Pesquisa Aplicada não pode ser Básica?? Pesquisa Básica Pesquisa Aplicada 29/08/

20 Relevância para o avanço do conhecimento Pasteur s Quadrant (D. Stokes, 1997) Bohr (27%) Pasteur (50%) Edison (22%) Relevância para aplicações imediatas 29/08/2012 faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz 20

21 29/08/2012 faces-da-ciência pptx;chbritocruz 21