Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy ISSN: Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brasil

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1 Act Scientirum. Agronomy ISSN: Universidde Estdul de Mringá Brsil Mocir Bonto, Crlos; Telles de Proenç, Gentil; Reis, Bruno Homeopthic drugs Arsenicum lum nd Sulphur ffect the growth nd essentil oil content in mint (Menth rvensis L.) Act Scientirum. Agronomy, vol. 31, núm. 1, 9, pp. 1-5 Universidde Estdul de Mringá Mringá, Brsil Disponile en: Cómo citr el rtículo Número completo Más informción del rtículo Págin de l revist en redlyc.org Sistem de Informción Científic Red de Revists Científics de Améric Ltin, el Crie, Espñ y Portugl Proyecto cdémico sin fines de lucro, desrrolldo jo l inicitiv de cceso ierto

2 DOI:.425/ctscigron.v31i Homeopthic drugs Arsenicum lum nd Sulphur ffect the growth nd essentil oil content in mint (Menth rvensis L.) Crlos Mocir Bonto 1*, Gentil Telles de Proenç 2 nd Bruno Reis 3 1 Deprtmento de Biologi, Centro de Ciêncis Biológics, Universidde Estdul de Mringá. Av Colomo, 579, 87-9, Mringá, Prná, Brzil. 2 Deprtmento de Biologi, Universidde Estdul de Mringá, Mringá, Prná, Brzil. 3 Deprtmento de Agronomi, Universidde Estdul de Mringá, Mringá, Prná, Brzil. *Author for correspondence. E-mil: cmonto@uem.r ABSTRACT. Effects of homeopthic drugs Sulphur nd Arsenicum lum in growth vriles nd essentil oil content of mint re nlyzed. Four homeopthic dinmiztions (6, 12, 24 nd CH) were used for oth drugs in the centesiml scle (CH=centesiml hhnemnnin), esides control (wter). Tretments were conducted in greenhouse nd homeopthic drugs pplied weekly (25 ml vse -1 ) for 98 dys. Plnt height, root system s dry mss, shoot s dry mss nd essentil oil content were determined. Among the tested homeopthy drugs, Sulphur incresed vlues of fresh nd dry iomss more thn Arsenicum lum. Plnt height incresed y the two drugs nd their respective dinmiztions. Wheres Sulphur inhiited dry iomss production, except 6CH dinmiztion, it incresed sustntilly mint plnt s essentil oil content. Arsenicum lum presented the sme ehvior s Sulphur drug, with the difference tht it incresed the fresh iomss in 24 nd CH dinmiztions. Results suggest tht Sulphur nd Arsenicum lum modify plnt metolism, especilly y incresing secondry metolism s occurs with essentil oil contents. Key words: ultrdiluted, secondry metolism, iomss, homeopthic drugs. RESUMO. Os medicmentos homeopáticos Sulphur e Arsenicum lum fetm o crescimento e o teor de óleo essencil em ment (Menth rvensis L.). Este trlho teve como ojetivo nlisr o efeito dos medicmentos homeopáticos Sulphur e Arsenicum lum em lgums vriáveis de crescimento e teor de óleo essencil d ment (Menth rvensis L.). Utilizrm-se, pr mos os medicmentos, qutro dinmizções homeopátics (6, 12, 24 e CH) n escl centesiml (CH=centesiml hhnemnnin), lém do controle (águ) pr os dois medicmentos. Os trtmentos form conduzidos em cs-devegetção, e os medicmentos homeopáticos plicdos semnlmente (25 ml vso -1 ) durnte 98 dis. Form determindos: ltur ds plnts, mss sec do sistem rdiculr, mss fresc e sec d prte ére e teor de óleo essencil. Dentre s homeoptis testds, o Sulphur proporcionou miores vlores de iomss fresc e sec do que homeopti Arsenicum lum. A ltur ds plnts foi incrementd por mos os medicmentos e sus respectivs dinmizções. O Sulphur iniiu produção de iomss sec, com exceção d dinmizção 6CH, e umentou sustncilmente o teor de óleo essencil ns plnts de ment. O medicmento Arsenicum lum presentou o mesmo comportmento do medicmento Sulphur, com diferenç de que este incrementou iomss fresc ns dinmizções 24 e CH. Os resultdos sugerem que os medicmentos Sulphur e Arsenicum lum modificm o metolismo ds plnts, especilmente umentndo o teor de metólicos secundários como o teor de óleo essencil. Plvrs-chve: ultrdiluição, metolismo secundário, iomss, medicmentos homeopáticos. Introduction The homeopthy in the griculture ws mde officil s input in 8 (BRASIL, 8). According Smuel Hhnemnn ( ), homeopthy is sed on four min principles, nmely, likes cure like, infinitesiml doses, study in helthy orgnisms (pthogenesis) nd single drug tretment. In the cse of homoeopthic science, diseses or physiologicl disturnces re not just the product of phytopthologicl gents nd iotic fctors (BONATO; SILVA, 3; BONATO, 7). Homeopthic solutions trigger the plnts recovery through the improvement of nturl defences. Homeopthic science is currently eing used efficiently in the control of plgues (FAZOLIN et l., ; ALMEIDA et l., 3; BONATO et l., 6) nd plnt diseses (VERMA et l., 1969; KUMAR, 198; KHANNA; CHANDRA, 1983; ROLIM et l., Act Scientirum. Agronomy Mringá, v. 31, n. 1, p. 1-5, 9

3 2 Bonto et l. 1 e ; BETTI et l., 3), in the increse of medicinl plnts ctive principles (BONATO, 7), in plnt deintoxiction y metls, such s luminium (BONATO, 7) nd copper (NIETEN et l., 1969), nd in plnt metolism (BETTI et l., 1997; BONATO; SILVA, 3; SILVA et l., 6). Besides the dvntge of low costs nd since homeopthy doesn't leve ny residue in the environment, it is one of the most promising tools to e used in groecologicl systems. Consequently, the pplicility of homeopthic drugs Sulphur nd Arsenicum lum in growth nd essentil oil content vriles of the mint plnt is herey verified. Mteril nd methods Experiment ws conducted in the Didctic nd Experimentl Greenhouse of the Deprtment of Biology of the Stte University of Mringá. Homeopthic drugs Sulphur (3CH) nd Arsenicum lum (3CH) homeopthic drugs were otined from suitle phrmceuticl lortory (João Vicente Mrtins Mringá PR). Homeopthic drugs, in scle centesiml hhnemnnin (CH), were prepred in the Lortory of Vegetle Physiology nd Plnt Homeopthy of the Deprtment of Biology of the Stte University of Mring, with the id of mechnicl rm dinmizer (Model Denise 5), ccording to Brzilin Homeopthic Phrmcopoei 2 nd ed. (1997) - Mnul of Technicl Stndrds for Homeopthic Drugstore 3 rd ed. (3). Sowing nd conduction of experiment Menth rvensis (rhizomes) seedlings originted from plnts cultivted in the frm Essênci, district of Mrilândi do Sul, Prná stte, Brzil. Seedlings were wshed nd pproximtely 3 cm-pieces were roken nd llotted in pproximtely 144 homogeneous units. Four rhizomes were put, t depth of pproximtely 1 cm, in vses (4 L) contining soil previously mixed with orgnic mteril. Experimentl units were distriuted homogeneously. Solule fertilizers or pesticides were not employed in the experiment. Appliction of drugs Tretments consisted of pplictions of Sulphur nd Arsenicum lum homeopthic drugs in 6CH, 12CH, 24CH nd CH dinmiztions prepred in lcohol 7% (v v -1 ). Homeopthic drugs were dded in wter (1 ml L -1 ) t ppliction. Control-vses received wter with lcohol 7% in the sme proportion s the drugs (1 ml L -1 ). Ech vse received 25 ml of the diluted drug in weekly ppliction nd lwys in the sme schedule. Sttistics nd experimentl delinetion Experimentl delinetion consisted of entirely rndomized locks, with 4 repetitions. Tretments contined two types of drugs, Sulphur nd Arsenicum lum; 4 dinmiztions in the hhnemnnin centesiml scle (6CH, 12CH, 24CH nd CH); nd control (distilled wter). Averges were compred y Scott-Knott test, 5% proility, for qulittive sttisticl tests. Quntified vriles Plnt height Plnt height ws determined once week y mesuring the distnce etween the stem se nd mximum plnt height. Fresh nd dry mss Menth rvensis fresh mss ws otined y weighting, in n nlyticl scle (GEHAKA AG), posterior to essentil oil extrction nd kiln drying (FANEM model 2 CB), t 4 C (constnt mss). Determintion of essentil oil content Shoot essentil oil extrction ws mde y hydro-distilltion in stem drgs, during pproximtely 3h, with Clevenger equipment. Clcultion of essentil oil ws sed on oil volume in kg of produced dry mss. Results nd discussion Comprison of the effects of the two homeopthic drugs (verge of the different dinmiztions) shows tht plnts treted with Sulphur presented higher vlues of fresh (SFM) nd dry mss (SDM) production in the mint shoot, when compred to tht produced y Arsenicum lum (Figure 1). Increse reched 34 nd 21% for SFM nd SDM vriles, respectively. It is well known in homeopthy tht different homeopthic drugs cuse different pthogenesis, or rther, produces the sme effects tht it cures. In this cse, Sulphur chnges the physiologicl mechnisms through the ccumultion of dry mtter y intensifying photosynthesis nd/or llocting photossimiltes for iomss ccumultion. Act Scientirum. Agronomy Mringá, v. 31, n. 1, p. 1-5, 9

4 Homeopthic drugs ffect growth vriles in mint (Menth rvensis L.) 3 Mss (g) SFM SDM RSDM EOC Vriles Sulphur Arsenicum lum Figure 1. Shoot s verge fresh (SFM) nd dry mss (SDM), root system s dry mss (RSDM) nd essentil oil content (EOC) of Menth rvensis in presence of Sulphur nd Arsenicum lum homeopthic drugs. (EOC = ml kg -1 DM). Averges followed y the sme letters, in the sme clss, do not differ sttisticlly y Scott-Knott test, t 5% proility level. In contrst to previous vriles, the RSDM nd EOC did not show significnt differences when the two drugs were compred (Figure 1). In the cse of oil content, this ehvior my e explined y the fct tht the homeopthic drugs incresed the vlues of mint essentil oil content in ll dinmiztions employed (Figures 4 nd 5). Sulphur incresed the height of mint plnts. Increses were 17, 15, 12 nd 11.5% higher thn those of control (Figure 2). This results suggest tht homeopthic drugs somewht increse plnt metolism y incresing production nd/or lloction of cron skeletons for growth. In the cse of ctolism, respirtion my llocte cron skeletons tht would e used from mintennce for growth. Growth induction y dispensed homeopthic drugs is more common in the literture. Height (cm) C 6CH 12CH 24CH CH Dinmiztion Figure 2. Averge plnt height of Menth rvensis sumitted to different Sulphur homoeopthic dinmiztions. Averges followed y the sme letters, in the sme clss, do not differ sttisticlly y Scott-Knott test, t 5% proility level. Csli et l. (6) verified sustntil growth increse in eetroot when Phosphorus ws pplied. Bonto nd Silv (3) lso reported significnt increse in rdish plnts height when weekly doses of Sulphur were pplied. In ll dinmiztions under nlysis Arsenicum lum lso cused significnt increse in the height of mint plnts when compred to tht of control (Figure 3). Only dinmiztions 24 nd CH presented higher (%) verge heights when compred to control. Dinmiztions 6CH nd 12CH exhiited intermedite vlues (22%), leit different from those of control (Figure 3). Height (cm) c C 6CH 12CH 24CH CH Dinmiztion Figure 3. Averge plnt height of Menth rvensis sumitted to different Arsenicum lum homoeopthic dinmiztions. Averges followed y the sme letters, in the sme clss, do not differ sttisticlly for the Scott-Knott test, t 5% proility level. Shoot fresh mss (SFM) ws ffected y Sulphur nd its respective dinmiztions (Figure 4). Highest dinmiztions (12, 24 nd CH) inhiited the production of vrile SFM nd differed from oth control nd 6CH dinmiztion. Mss (g) SFM SDM RSDM EOC Vriles C 6CH 12CH 24CH CH Figure 4. Shoot s verge shoot fresh (SFM) nd dry mss (SDM), root system s dry mss (RSDM) nd essentil oil content (EOC) of Menth rvensis in presence or not of different dinmiztions of Sulphur homeopthic drug (EOC = ml kg -1 DM). Averges followed y the sme letters, in the sme clss, do not differ sttisticlly y Scott-Knott test, t 5% proility level. According to Dvens et l. (1988), Godoy (1988), Bonto nd Silv (3) nd Bonto (7), in homeopthy the sme drug frequently cuses different effects, depending on the pplied dinmiztion. In certin dinmiztions, increse my occur, wheres in others inhiitions my e reported within specific physiology vrile (hormesis effect). Such ehvior is still insufficiently explined. One of the hypotheses, sed on iodynmic griculturl dt, is tht such ehvior my e relted to the existent rhythmic movements in nture. Another hypothesis, sed on Act Scientirum. Agronomy Mringá, v. 31, n. 1, p. 1-5, 9

5 4 Bonto et l. experimentl dt, is tht such ehvior is due to similrity etween the pplied homeopthic drug nd the orgnism (VITHOULKAS, 1997; BONATO, 7). Vrile SDM nd RSDM did not present different ehvior when mint plnts were treted with different dinmiztions of Sulphur. Significnce of SFM vlues nd non-sttisticl significnce in dry iomss vriles (SDM nd RSDM) my suggest tht these homeopthies my e cting on wter uptke more thn on production of dry iomss. In this cse, the homeopthy my e ffecting somewht the regultion of memrne s permeility nd/or of the quporins (SUKUL; SUKUL, 4). They re protein of prmount importnce in the mintennce of the plnt s hydric sttus. Alterntively, the non-significnce for RSDM vrile my hve occurred due to root growth restriction motivted y the vse s smll volumetric cpcity, which my hve restricted the norml root growth. Experiments in vses nturlly limit root expnsion nd my e the cuse of non-significnce in mny experiments. Sulphur homeopthy nd their respective dinmiztions, without exception, incresed the mint plnts essentil oil content (Figure 4). Increments mounted to 75, 77, 116 nd 51%, respectively, in dinmiztions 6, 12, 24 nd CH when compred to those of control. Similrly to the ove, these results my prtly explin results otined for the dry mss. Sulphur homeopthy ppliction nd their respective dynmiztions my hve stimulted the differentil lloction of cron skeletons, especilly from the primry to the secondry metolism. The tonic effect of the homeopthy Sulphur in mint essentil oil content is thus explined. Since the essentil oil is produced y the plnt s defense, this strtegy my give the plnt etter conditions for ering dverse conditions, such s the ttck y plgues nd diseses. Another relevnt fctor from these results is tht homeopthy will e le to decrese drsticlly the opertionl lor for the extrction of the essentil oil. Greter reltionship essentil oil/dry mss unit, mens smller opertionl costs of oil extrction t the industril level. In fct, until the present, no culture nd nutrition mngement hs een le to increse essentil oil contents t level reported in this pper. Dinmiztions 24 nd CH (higher dilutions) of Arsenicum lum incresed fresh iomss when compred to tht of control nd of the other dinmiztions under nlysis (Figure 5). Increse reched 45 nd 21% respectively for 24 nd CH dinmiztions. In this cse, lterntion in the ehvior of the physiologic nswers (vriles of iomss production) depends on dinmiztion. Physiologic nd iologicl effects do not just depend on the homeopthic drug ut on dinmiztion, s nlysis y Bonto (7) nd Csli et l. (6) hs shown. Mss (g) SFM SDM RSDM EOC Vriles C 6CH 12CH 24CH CH Figure 5. Shoot s verge shoot fresh (SFM) nd dry mss (SDM), root system s dry mss (RSDM) nd essentil oil content (EOC) of Menth rvensis in presence or not of different Arsenicum lum homeopthic drug dinmiztions (EOC = ml kg -1 DM). Averges followed y the sme letters, in the sme clss, do not differ sttisticlly y Scott-Knott test, t 5% proility level. Dry iomss of shoot nd root system ws not ffected y Arsenicum lum, s hs occurred in the cse with Sulphur (Figure 5). Apprently displcement of the cron skeletons occurred tht would e llocted from the primry metolism to the production of essentil oil (Figure 5). This is wht proly occurred since ll Arsenicum lum homeopthy dinmiztions incresed the mint s essentil oil (Figure 5). Increse mounted to 57, 73, 91 nd 53% for 6, 12, 24 nd CH dynmiztions, respectively, when compred to control s. Arsenicum lum induced higher essentil oil expression when compred to tht of Sulphur. Scnty literture exists on homeopthic drug effects with regrd to increse in plnts ctive principle. Experiments in Justiti pectorlis reported tht homeopthic products lter the primry nd secondry metolism nd the electromgnetic field of medicinl plnts (CASALI et l., 6). Cumrin content incresed in pproximtely 77% when mtrix plnt, Phosphorus, Arnic montn, Sulphur, Humic cid were pplied. Altertion ws followed y modifictions in the medicinl plnt s electromgnetic pttern. Applictions of homeopthic solutions of the mtrix plnt, Humic cid nd Sulphur in 3, 12,, nd C dinmiztions ffected the production of the shoot s essentil oil content of the grss-lemon plnts (CASALI et l., 6). Mtrix-plnt in 12C dinmiztion incresed the essentil oil content y 25% when compred to tht of control. Act Scientirum. Agronomy Mringá, v. 31, n. 1, p. 1-5, 9

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