IRRIGATION AND SWINE SLURRY APPLICATION OF TIFTON 85 GRASS: PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY

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1 IRRIGATION AND SWINE SLURRY APPLICATION OF TIFTON 85 GRASS: PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY A. C. Snches 1, E. P Gomes², D. K. U. Dis³, F. L. F. de Jesus 4, J. P. S. Dis 5 ABSTRACT: The use of irrigtion nd fertiliztion with swine wstewter (SW) cn e n excellent lterntive to increse the production nd psture qulity. The work ws crried out from Octoer 2013 to Septemer 2014 in Dourdos - MS, nd imed to evlute the production nd nutritionl qulity of Tifton 85 grss (Cynodon spp.) under different rtes of SW, in the presence nd sence of irrigtion. The experiment design ws rndomized locks in split plot scheme, with irrigtion nd without irrigtion in the plots, nd four rtes of SS in the suplots: 75, 150, 225 nd 300 m 3 h -1 cut -1, with four replictions. There ws significnt effect of irrigtion nd SS rtes on Totl dry mtter, reching 41.4 Mg h -1 y -1 with the highest dose tested nd ssocited with the use of irrigtion. Irrigtion lso provided higher levels of crude protein, incresing with liner djustment to SS rtes, reching 17.9 % in the nnul verge. The neutrl detergent fier nd the cid detergent fier presented lower irrigtion results nd decresed linerly t the rtes of SS, reching nd 32.55% in the nnul verge, respectively. It ws oserved n inverse ehvior of the in vitro digestiility of dry mtter, which ws higher under irrigtion, reching 69.5% in the nnul verge nd presenting liner growth for the SS rtes. KEYWORDS: orgnic fertiliztion, otnicl composition, dry mtter production, forge qulity, sprinkler irrigtion. APLICAÇÃO DE DEJETO LÍQUIDO DE SUÍNO E IRRIGAÇÃO DE CAPIM TIFTON 85: PRODUTIVIDADE E QUALIDADE NUTRICIONAL RESUMO: O uso d irrigção e fertilizção com dejeto líquido de suíno (DLS) pode constituirse em um excelente lterntiv pr incrementr produtividde e qulidde ds pstgens. O trlho foi relizdo no período de outuro de 2013 setemro de 2014 em Dourdos - MS e 1 Engenheiro Agrônomo, doutorndo em Engenhri de Sistems Agrícols, ESALQ/USP, Pircic-SP, rthur_crnito@hotmil.com, ² Professor Doutor, UFGD/Dourdos, edergomes@ufgd.edu.r; ³ Mestre em Engenhri Agrícol, UFGD/Dourdos, dhiones.dis@gronomo.eng.r; 4 Doutornd em Engenhri de Sistems Agrícol, ESALQ/USP, fernndlmede@usp.r; 5 Geógrf, UFGD/Dourdos, joelmportto@hotmil.com

2 A. C. Snches et l. teve por ojetivo vlir produtividde e qulidde nutricionl do cpim Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) so diferentes doses de DLS, n presenç e usênci de irrigção. O delinemento experimentl utilizdo foi de locos o cso com prcels sudividids, com e sem irrigção ns prcels, e qutro doses de DLS ns suprcels: 75, 150, 225 e 300 m 3 h -1 corte -1, com qutro repetições. Houve efeito significtivo d irrigção e ds doses de DLS n produtividde totl de mtéri sec, tingindo 41,4 Mg h -1 no -1 com mior dose testd e ssocid com utilizção de irrigção. A irrigção tmém propiciou miores teores de proteín rut, crescente com juste liner às doses de DLS, tingindo 17,9 % n médi nul. A fir em detergente neutro e fir em detergente ácido presentrm menores resultdos so irrigção e decrescerm linermente às doses de DLS, tingindo 65,40 e 32,55% n médi nul, respectivmente. Foi oservdo comportmento inverso d digestiilidde in vitro d mtéri sec, que foi mior so irrigção, tingindo 69,5% n médi nul e presentndo crescimento liner pr s doses de DLS. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: dução orgânic, composição otânic, produtividde de mss sec, qulidde de forrgem, irrigção por spersão INTRODUCTION The climtic chnges suffered in the lst decdes in the world hve een promoting direct effects on grsses (RAZ-YASEEF et l., 2015; BARBOSA, 2016; KALAUGHER et l., 2017), Including chnges in rinfll ptterns tht my led to considerle decline in griculturl production (MALL, GUPTA nd SONKAR, 2017), cusing the sesonlity of the production of tropicl plnts (DANTAS et l., 2016), common in vrious regions of Brzil (Gomes et l., 2015th). Irrigtion hs een used to reduce sesonlity in the Center-South regions of Brzil (GOMES et l., 2015), ut without eliminting it (SANCHES et l., 2015). In this wy, we highlight the Cynodons, which hs presented excellent productive results with irrigtion, ttenuting the sesonlity with good nutritionl results, especilly Tifton 85 (GOMES et l., 2015; SANCHES et l., 2015, 2016, 2017). For the Centrl-South regions of Brzil, recent surveys with nd without irrigtion indicte verge ccumultion increments etween 25 nd 55 kg h -1 dy -1 of dry mtter (DM) with irrigtion in the production of Tifton 85 (QUEIROZ et l., 2012; NOGUEIRA et l. (GOMES et l., 2015, 2015, SANCHES et l., 2015, 2016, 2017). Susequent strtegy to promote the intensifiction of pstures is the nitrogen fertiliztion,

3 Averge temperture nd Minimum temperture Rinfll nd Reltive Humidity IV INOVAGRI Interntionl Meeting, 2017 with incresing liner responses in Tifton 85 (Lent et l, 2011;. GOMES et l, 2015;. TAFFAREL et l, 2016;. SANCHES et l, 2017). However, with the high cost of minerl fertiliztion, producers hve sought lower-cost sources such s iofertilizers (ORRICO JUNIOR, et l., 2013). Swine wstewter (SW) is mong the most used, ecuse they re produced in lrge quntities, need suitle environmentl destintion nd re rich in severl elements importnt for the growth of grsses, such s nitrogen, phosphorus nd potssium (ZHAO et l., 2009; SILVA et l., 2015). The ppliction of SS in the pstures occurs without dequte fertirrigtion, since it requires investments in infrstructure (ANDRADE et l., 2014), prioritizing the fte of the effluent, with n increse in production elow potentil. The ojectives of the reserch were to evlute the productivity, otnicl composition nd nutritionl qulity of Tifton 85 grss under SS doses in the sence nd presence of irrigtion. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work ws conducted t the Experimentl Frm of the Federl University of Grnde Dourdos, in Dourdos-MS (ltitude 22º 14 'south nd longitude 54º 59' west, with ltitude of 434 m) from Octoer 2013 to Septemer 2014, corresponding to one yer experimentl. The climte is humid mesothermic type (Cw), with riny summer nd dry winter. The soil of the experimentl re is clssified s Dystroferric Red Ltosol (SANTOS et l., 2013). In the experimentl period the cumultive vlue of precipittion ws 896 nd mm, in the wet seson (Octoer to Mrch) nd dry (April to Septemer), respectively. The men reltive humidity ws 70.3 nd 71.6%, in the wet nd dry seson, nd minimum temperture of 11.8 ºC nd 4.9 ºC, respectively (Figure 1) Wet Seson Rinfll ccum = 896 mm T mín = 11.8 mm Dry Seson Rinfll ccum = mm T mín = 4.9 mm Dys fter egining of the experiment (DABE) Rinfll (mm) Averge temperture (ºC) Minimum temperture (ºC) Reltive Humidity (%) Figure 1. Precipittion vlues (mm), men temperture (ºC), minimum temperture (ºC) nd reltive humidity (%) from Octoer 1, 2013 to Septemer 30, Dourdos - MS

4 Soil wter tension: Irrigted nd Non-Irrigted (kp) A. C. Snches et l. The experimentl design ws rndomized complete lock design with split plots, with nd without irrigtion in the plots, nd four doses of swine wstewter (SW) in the suplots: 75, 150, 225 nd 300 m 3 h -1 cut -1, with four Repetitions, totlizing 32 experimentl plots. Ech suplot ws implnted with 3 m 2 (2 m x 1.5 m). The SW ws collected from the third nd lst decnttion pond of pig frm locted ner the experimentl re nd trnsported using seled polyethylene reservoir. DLS pplictions in the psture were crried out immeditely fter their rrivl in the experiment re nd lwys fter the collection of the Tifton 85 grss. The irrigtion system instlled ws y conventionl sprinkler, with Agropolo NY 30 sprinklers spced 12 m y 12 m. The intensity of ppliction (IA) ws determined loclly, otining vlue of 23 mm h -1 t 196 kp of pressure. Irrigtion mngement ws crried out y mens of tensiometers instlled t 0.20 m depth, eing 4 in the irrigted re nd 4 in the non-irrigted re. In the re without irrigtion the tensiometers hd comprison purpose. Soil wter tension redings were performed on Tuesdys nd Fridys, with susequent irrigtion when soil wter tension ws equl to or greter thn 20 kp. In the dry seson, the verge tensions of 17.6 nd 52.6 kp with nd without irrigtion, respectively, were verified, nd in the wet seson verge tensions of 18.5 nd 36.2 kp with nd without irrigtion (Figure 2) Wet Seson Averge Tension (Irrigted) = 18.5 kp Averge Tension (Non-Irrigted) = 36.2 kp Dys fter eginning of the experiment (DABE) Irrigted Dry Seson Averge Tension (Irrigted) = 17.6 kp Averge Tension (Non-Irrigted) = 52.6 kp Non-Irrigted Figure 2. Wter tension vlues in the soil during the experimentl cycle, in Tifton 85 grss re with nd without irrigtion. Dourdos - MS, The moisture t the field cpcity (Θcc) ws considered s the humidity corresponding to the vlue of Ψm = 10 kp. In this wy, the irrigtion depth (ID) to e pplied ws determined y the difference etween volumetric moisture in the field cpcity (Ѳcc) nd the current volumetric moisture (Ѳ), multiplied y the effective root depth (Z), equl to 400 mm. The time of irrigtion (TI), in ech event, ws otined y the rtio of ID y intensity of ppliction (IA). The vlues of Ѳ were estimted y mens of the soil wter retention curve, otined with the

5 IV INOVAGRI Interntionl Meeting, 2017 id of Richrds extrctor in the Lortory of Reltions, Wter, Soil, Plnt nd Atmosphere of the Federl University of Grnde Dourdos (UFGD) nd djusted y eqution Of Vn Genuchten (1980): (0,391-0,192) θ=0,192+ [ [1+(0,0003Ψ) 0,3240 ] 5,6392] ;(R2 =0,99 e P<0,01) Where: Ѳ = current volumetric humidity (cm 3 cm -3 ). "Ψ" = current mtricil potentil of wter in the soil (kp). The ccumulted irrigtion depth during the experimentl period ws 400 mm, distriuted through 29 events, with 15 events (186 mm) nd 14 events (214 mm) occurring in the wet nd dry seson, respectively. The cuts were performed t intervls of 30 dys, with post-cut height of 10 cm (residue), y mens of costl rushcutter. Before cutting, 0.25 m2 frme ws plced in the center of ech plot to collect the fodder produced up to the height of the residue. The collected smples were otniclly seprted in ded mteril, stem + sheth + leves nd tken to the forced circultion oven t 65ºC for 72 hours to determine the dry mtter of: Totl Forge Productivity (TFP) nd lef nd stem production (LSP). Susequently, su smples were tken to determine the romtologicl components of dry mtter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutrl detergent fier (NDF), cid detergent fier (ADF), nd dry mtter in vitro digestiility (DivDM), According to Silv & Queiroz (2002). The experimentl dt were sumitted to nlysis of vrince t 5% proility nd regression nlysis when significnt differences were oserved etween the doses of SW. The softwre used ws Assistt 7.7 (FRANCISCO, CARLOS, 2016). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Totl forge productivity (TFP) nd lef nd stem yield (PFC) were higher with irrigtion, nd responded in liner liner mnner to nnul SW rtes in the nnul ccumultion (Figures 3 nd 3).

6 A. C. Snches et l. ) TFP (Kg DM h -1 yer -1 ) TFP (Irrigted) = *SW ; R² = 0.98 TFP (Non-Irrigted) = *SW ; R² = Rtes of swine wstewter (SW) - m³ h -1 Irrigted Non-Irrigted ) LSP (kg DM h -1 yer -1 ) LSP (Irrigted = *SW ; R² = LSP (Non-Irrigted) = *SW ; R² = Rtes of swine wstewter (SW) - m³ h -1 Irrigted Non-Irrigted Figure 3. Totl productivity () nd yield of leves nd stems () of the dry mtter of Tifton 85 grss s function of irrigtion nd the doses SW. Dourdos - MS, The mximum dry mtter yields otined without irrigtion equl to kg h -1 yer -1 (69 kg h -1 dy -1 ) nd with irrigtion equl to kg h -1 yer -1 (111.4 kg h -1 dy -1 ) re corroorted y the literture, which mention for Tifton 85 grss without irrigtion ccumultions etween 55 nd 90 kg h -1 dy -1 of dry mtter (RIBEIRO & PEREIRA, 2011; FAGUNDES et l., 2012; GOMES et l., 2015, SANCHES et l., 2016). While, with irrigtion the ccumulted dry mtter hs een etween 105 nd 125 kg h -1 dy -1 (QUEIROZ et l., 2012; NOGUEIRA et l., 2013; TEIXEIRA et l., 2013; GOMES et l., 2015, SANCHES et l., 2016). In study with Tifton 85 Snches et l. (2016) reched nd kg h -1 yer - 1 of irrigted nd non-irrigted, corroorting the present study. In reltion to the ppliction of SW doses in Tifton 85 grss (Figure 4A), other uthors lso oserved the occurrence of incresing liner ehvior of dry mtter yield. However, it is not esy to estlish direct comprison etween these surveys, since esides the distinct edphoclimtic conditions, the presence or sence of irrigtion, the chemicl composition of SW, the nlyzed period, the doses used nd the frequency of the pplictions. The levels of neutrl detergent fier (NDF) nd cid detergent fier (ADF) corresponded in linerly decresing mnner to the doses of SW pplied (Figures 4) nd 4). The FDA responded to irrigtion (Figure 4 ()). Tifton 85 with different nitrogen doses (25, 50, 75 nd 100 kg of N h -1 ) did not respond to the doses, however, it responded to irrigtion (SANCHES et l., 2017). Argument tht justifies the fct, is little increse occurred with the use of doses, not resulting in significnt effect.

7 Crude Protein (CP) - % Digestiility "in vitro" (DivDM) - % IV INOVAGRI Interntionl Meeting, 2017 ) Neutrl Detergent Fier (NDF) - % NDF (Irrigted) = *SW + 70; R² = NDF (Non-Irrigted) = *SW ; R² = Rtes of swine wstewter (SW) - m 3 h -1 irrigted Non-Irrigted Figure 4. Neutrl detergent fier nd cid detergent fier of dry mtter of Tifton 85 grss s function of irrigtion nd doses of SW. Dourdos - MS, The men nnul vlues of NDF nd ADF found in the irrigted re were respectively 64.1 nd 31.9% nd the men nnul vlues of NDF nd ADF found in the re without irrigtion were respectively 66.5 nd 33.3%. Snches et l. (2015) conducting experiment with Tifton 85 with nd without irrigtion, in the Northwest of Prná stte, in Brzil, from April to Novemer, lso verified higher vlues of NDF nd FDA in the sence of irrigtion. The uthors verified men vlues of NDF nd ADF with irrigtion of 70.2 nd 32.5% nd 72.0 nd 32.7% without irrigtion, respectively. The crude protein (CP) of psture with irrigtion ws higher thn without irrigtion (Figure 5), corroorting severl works y Tifton 85 (GOMES et l. 2015, 2015, SANCHES et l. 2015, 2016, 2017). The CP lso responded linerly to SW doses. ) Acid Detergent Fier (ADF) - % ADF (Irrigted) = *SW ; R² = ADF (Non-irrigted) = *SW ; R² = Rtes of swine wstewter (SW) - m 3 h -1 Irrigted Non-irrigted ) CP (Irrigted) = *SW ; R² = 0.98 CP (Non-Irrigted) = x ; R² = Rtes of swine wstewter (SW) - m 3 h -1 Irrigted Non-irrigted DivDM (Irrigted) = *SW ; R² = 0.98 DivDM (Non-irrigted) = *SW ; R² = Rtes of swine wstewter (SW) - m 3 h -1 Figure 5. Gross protein levels nd in vitro digestiility of Tifton 85 grss mtter s function of irrigtion nd SW. Dourdos - MS, The in vitro digestiility of dry mtter of Tifton 85 grss ws higher with irrigtion nd responded in n incresing liner mnner to the SW doses (Figures 5). Works y Snches et l. (2000, 2016, 2017) hs shown n verge increse of 2% with Tifton 85 irrigtion, demonstrting tht the improvement in the edphoclimtic conditions cn ring improvements ) Irrigted Non-irrigted

8 A. C. Snches et l. to the grss (RAZ-YASEEF et l., 2015, BARBOSA, 2016, KALAUGHER et l., 2017), such s digestiility, which is very importnt for ruminnt. At SW doses of 75 to 300 m 3 h -1, nnul men CP vlues rnged from 15.3 to 17.9% nd 12.6 to 16.1% with nd without irrigtion, respectively. The highest CP vlues under irrigtion should e relted to the lower soil wter stresses in this condition for most of the experimentl period (Figure 2). CONCLUSION The Tifton 85 grss presented liner ehvior in reltion to the SW doses pplied; incresing for yield, protein nd digestiility "in vitro"; decresing for neutrl detergent fier nd cid detergent fier. Using the sprinkler system, not only for the ppliction of SW, ut lso for irrigtion, it increses dry mtter yield nd improves the nutritionl qulity of Tifton 85 grss. REFERENCES ANDRADE, A. S.; DRUMOND, L. C. D.; RABELO, D. M. L.; APPELT, M. F.; LIMA, J. C. L.; OLIVEIRA, V. M. R. de. Crescimento de grmínes forrgeirs fertirrigds com águ residuári de suinocultur. Revist Trópic: Ciêncis Agráris e Biológics, v. 8, n. 2, p , BARBOSA, F. G. The future of invsive Africn grsses in South Americ under climte chnge. Ecologicl Informtics, v. 36, p , DANTAS, G. de F.; FARIA, R. T. de; SANTOS, G. O.; DALRI, A. B.; PALARETTI, L. F. Produtividde e qulidde d rchiri irrigd no outono/inverno. Engenhri Agrícol, v. 36, n. 3, p , FRANCISCO, de A. S. e S.; CARLOS, A. V. de A. The Assistt Softwre Version 7.7 nd its use in the nlysis of experimentl dt. Africn Journl of Agriculturl Reserch, v. 11, n. 39, p , 29 set GOMES, É. P.; RICKLI, M. E.; CECATO, U.; FARHATE, C. V. V.; GOES, R. H. de T. e B. de; OLIVEIRA, E. De. <>Productivity of Tifton 85 grss irrigted nd overseeded with winter forges. Act Scientirum. Animl Sciences, v. 37, n. 2, p. 123, 21 mio 2015.

9 IV INOVAGRI Interntionl Meeting, 2017 GOMES, E. P.; RICKLI, M. E.; CECATO, U.; VIEIRA, C. V; SAPIA, J. G.; SANCHES, A. C. Produtividde de cpim Tifton 85 so irrigção e doses de nitrogênio. Revist Brsileir de Engenhri Agrícol e Amientl, v. 19, n , p , KALAUGHER, E.; BEUKES, P.; BORNMAN, J. F.; CLARK, A.; CAMPBELL, D. I. Modelling frm-level dpttion of temperte, psture-sed diry frms to climte chnge. Agriculturl Systems, v. 153, p , MALL, R. K.; GUPTA, A.; SONKAR, G. 2 Effect of Climte Chnge on Agriculturl Crops. In: Current Developments in Biotechnology nd Bioengineering. [s.l: s.n.]p NOGUEIRA, S. F.; PEREIRA, B. F. F.; GOMES, T. M.; DE PAULA, A. M.; DOS SANTOS, J. A.; MONTES, C. R. Treted sewge effluent: Agronomicl nd economicl spects on ermudgrss production. Agriculturl Wter Mngement, v. 116, p , QUARESMA, J. P. de S.; ALMEIDA, R. G. de; ABREU, J. G. de; CABRAL, L. D. S.; OLIVEIRA, M. A. de; CARVALHO, D. M. G. de. Produção e composição romtológic do cpim-tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) sumetido doses de nitrogênio. Act Scientirum. Animl Sciences, v. 33, n. 2, p , 29 r QUEIROZ, D. S.; MENEZES, M. A. C.; OLIVEIRA, R. A. de; VIANA, M. C. M.; SILVA, E. A. d; RUAS, J. R. M. Nitrogen fertiliztion strtegies for xres nd tifton 85 grsses irrigted in the dry seson. Revist Brsileir de Zootecni, v. 41, n. 8, p , go RAZ-YASEEF, N.; BILLESBACH, D. P.; FISCHER, M. L.; BIRAUD, S. C.; GUNTER, S. A.; BRADFORD, J. A.; TORN, M. S. Vulnerility of crops nd ntive grsses to summer drying in the U.S. Southern Gret Plins. Agriculture, Ecosystems nd Environment, v. 213, p , SANCHES, A. C.; GOMES, E. P.; RICKLI, M. E.; FASOLIN, J. P.; SOARES, M. R. C.; GOES, R. H. T. B. de. Produtividde e vlor nutritivo do cpim Tifton 85 irrigdo e soressemedo com vei. Revist Brsileir de Engenhri Agrícol e Amientl, v. 19, n. 2, p , fev SANCHES, A. C.; GOMES, E. P.; RICKLI, M. E.; FRISKE, E. Produtividde, composição otânic e vlor nutricionl do Tifton 85 ns diferentes estções do no so irrigção. Irrig, v. Grndes Cu, p , SANCHES, A. C.; GOMES, E. P.; RICKLI, M. E.; FRISKE, E.; FASOLIN, J. P. Produtividde e vlor nutritivo de Tifton 85 durnte primver e verão, so irrigção e doses de nitrogênio.

10 A. C. Snches et l. Revist Engenhri Agrícol, v. 37, n. 2, SANTOS, H. G. dos; JACOMINE, P. K. T.; ANJOS, L. H. C. dos; OLIVEIRA, V. Á. D.; LUMBRERAS, J. F.; COELHO, M. R.; AALMEIDA, J. A. de.; CUNHA, T. J. F.; OLIVEIRA, J. B. de. Sistem rsileiro de clssificção de solos. 3. ed. Brsíli-DF: Emrp, TAFFAREL, L. E.; MESQUITA, E. E.; CASTAGNARA, D. D.; GALBEIRO, S.; COSTA, P. B.; OLIVEIRA, P. S. R. de. Tifton 85 grss responses to different nitrogen levels nd cutting intervls. Semin: Ciêncis Agráris, v. 37, n. 4, p. 2067, TEIXEIRA, A. M.; JAYME, D. G.; SENE, G. A.; FERNANDES, L. O.; BARRETO, A. C.; RODRIGUES JÚNIOR, D. J.; COUTINHO, A. C.; GLÓRIA, J. R. Desempenho de vcs Girolndo mntids em pstejo de Tifton 85 irrigdo ou sequeiro. Arquivo Brsileiro de Medicin Veterinári e Zootecni, v. 65, n. 5, p , out