Supplementary Materials for

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1 advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/3//e17006/dc1 This PDF file includes: Supplementary Materials for The changing hydrology of a dammed Amazon Kelsie Timpe and David Kaplan Published 1 November 2017, Sci. Adv. 3, e17006 (2017) DOI: 10.26/sciadv table S1. Hydroelectric dams analyzed with supporting information. table S2. Streamflow stations used for IHA analysis. table S3. Stations used in the LOR analysis. table S4. Stations used in the IHA analysis of individual dams, with supporting information. table S5. Stations used in the IHA analysis of multiple dams in the Amazon and Paraná basins. table S6. Stations used in the IHA analysis of multiple dams in the Tocantins basin. table S7. IHA results for streamflow stations in the individual dams analysis. table S8. IHA results for streamflow stations in the multiple dams analysis.

2 table S1. Hydroelectric dams analyzed with supporting information. NA signifies data not available. Dam Name River Watershed Lat. (deg.) Lon. (deg.) Elevation (masl) Production (KW) Reservoir Size (km 2 ) Construction Start Year Reservoir Fill Start Year Operation Date IHA Analysis Group Antônio Jauru Paraná NA NA NA //02 Cumulative Brennand Aquarius Correntes Amazon NA NA NA /1/06 Cumulative Balbina Uatumã Amazon /20/8 Individual Baruíto Sangue Amazon NA NA 4/2/03 Cumulative Cachoeira do das Almas Tocantins/ NA NA NA 4/16/04 Individual Lavrinha Cana Brava Tocantins Tocantins/ NA 5/22/02 Cumulative Coaracy Nunes Araguari North /30/75 Individual Atlantic Basins Dardanelos Aripuanã Amazon NA 8// Cumulative Estreito Tocantins Tocantins/ /2/ Cumulative Faxinal l Aripuanã Amazon NA NA NA 3//7 Cumulative Figueirópolis Jauru Paraná NA NA /28/10 Cumulative Garganta da Sangue Amazon NA NA /28/06 Cumulative Jararaca Graça Brennand Juba Paraná NA NA 6/28/08 Cumulative Guaporé Guaporé Amazon /8/03 Individual Indiavaí Jauru Paraná NA NA 8/1/03 Cumulative Itiquira (Casas de Itiquira Paraná /6/02 Both Forças I e II) Jauru Jauru Paraná /6/03 Cumulative Juba I Juba Paraná /10/5 Cumulative Juba II Juba Paraná /16/5 Cumulative Lajeado (Luís Eduardo Magalhães) Tocantins Tocantins/ /1/01 Both Manso Manso Paraná /2/00 Individual Ombreiras Jauru Paraná NA NA 7/23/05 Cumulative Pampeana Juba Paraná NA NA 5/14/0 Cumulative Peixe Angical Tocantins Tocantins/ /27/06 Cumulative

3 Ponte de Pedra Correntes Paraná /1/05 Cumulative Rio Branco Branco Amazon NA NA NA 12/31/04 Individual Salto Jauru Paraná NA NA 12/2/07 Cumulative Santa Gabriela Correntes Paraná NA NA /18/0 Cumulative Santa Lúcia II Juruena Amazon NA NA NA 4/14/03 Individual São Domingos São Domingos Tocantins/ São Salvador Tocantins Tocantins/ Serra da Mesa Tocantins Tocantins/ Tucuruí Tocantins Tocantins/ NA NA NA 1/1/1 Individual /6/0 Cumulative /30/8 Both /30/84 Both

4 table S2. Streamflow stations used for IHA analysis. Lat. Lon. Mean Flow Station Name River Watershed (deg.) (deg.) (m 3 /s) Region Data Span Data Gaps (if any) Água Suja Jauru Paraná Southwest AHE São Félix - Mira B/S. Tocantins Tocantins/ Central Félix Araguatins Tocantins/ Northern none Cáceres (DNPVN) Paraguai Paraná Pantanal none Cachoeira Do Cachimbo Branco Amazon Southwestern , 20 Cachoeira Morena Uatuma Amazon Northern ,20 08, 200 Carolina Tocantins Tocantins/ Central none Ceres das Almas Tocantins/ South Central Descarreto Tocantins Tocantins/ Northern , 164 Estrada BR-163 Correntes Paraná Southwest , Fazenda Angical Tocantins Tocantins/ Central none Fazenda Lobeira Manuel Tocantins/ Central , 2006, 2007 Alves Fazenda Raizama (Coimbra) - F6 Manso Paraná Southwest , 1, 2000, Fazenda Tombador do Sangue Amazon Southern Highlands , 18, 2007 Fazenda Tucunaré Juruena Amazon Southern Highlands none Fazenda Veneza São Tocantins/ Central , 2006, 2007 Domingos Humboldt Aripuanã Amazon Southern Highlands ,, 14 Itiquira Itiquira Paraná Southwest none Itupiranga Tocantins Tocantins/ Northern none Jacinto Santa Tocantins/ Central , 2006, 2007 Tereza Jaraguá Das Almas Tocantins/ Central , 16, 20 Leônidas (Bambu) Araguari North Atlantic East Basins Marabá Tocantins Tocantins/ Northern , 2007 Mato Grosso Guaporé Amazon Southern Highlands , 2002

5 Miracema do Tocantins Tocantins Tocantins/ Central none Peixe Tocantins Tocantins/ Central , 2007 Pontes e Lacerda Guaporé Amazon Southern Highlands , 11, 12 Porto Esperidião Jauru Paraná Southwest , 12 Porto Nacional Tocantins Tocantins/ Central , 7-148, 15, 16 Porto Platon Araguari North Atlantic East Basins Rosário Oeste Cuiabá Paraná Southwest , São Jerônimo Piquiri Paraná Southwest São José do Piquiri Piquiri Paraná Pantanal São José do Sepotuba Sepotuba Paraná Southwest Serra do Navio Amapari North Atlantic Basins Tocantinópolis Tocantins Tocantins/ Tucuruí Tocantins Tocantins/ Tupiratins Tocantins Tocantins/ UHE Peixe Angical Tocantins Tocantins/ Fazenda Barreiro Xambioá Tocantins/ East Northern , East none Northern none Central none Northern none

6 table S3. Stations used in the LOR analysis. LOR results are presented as the number of years of flow data required to be within 5 or 10% of the long-term annual maximum flow with varying levels of confidence from 80 to 5%. For example, 5/5 refers to the number of years of data required to be within 5% of the long-term with 5% confidence. Station Name Acanaui River Rio Caquetá/ Japurá Lat. (deg.) Lon. (deg.) Mean Flow (m 3 /s) Region Northwestern Record Length (yrs) 5/5 5/0 5/85 5/80 10/5 10/0 10/85 10/ Rio Xingu East Aruanã Rio South Central Bandeirantes Rio Central Barão de Rio Cuiabá Pantanal Melgaço Barra do Rio Paraguai Southwest Bugres Boca do Rio Aripuanã West Central Guariba Canutama Rio Purus West Central Rio Northern Curicuriari Rio Negro Northern Estirão da Rio Mapuera (Rio Northern Angelica Urucurina) Estirão do Rio Javari Northwestern Repouso Fazenda Rio Rio Branco Southwestern Branco Guajará-Mirim Rio Mamoré Southwestern Itapéua Rio Solimões/ Central Amazonas Ivolândia Rio Claro South Central Jatuarana Rio Solimões/ Central Amazonas Lábrea Rio Purus West Central Lavandeira Rio Mosquito Central Rio Central

7 Manacapuru Rio Solimões/ Central Amazonas Manicoré Rio Madeira West Central Mineração Rio Massangana Southwestern Ponte Massangana Óbidos Rio Solimões/ East Amazonas Pedras Negras Rio Guaporé Southwestern Porto Dos Rio Arinos Southern Gaúchos Highlands Porto Roncador Rio Teles Pires Southern (Rio São Manuel) Highlands Santo Antônio Rio Das Mortes Central do Leverger São Félix do Rio Central São Francisco Rio Jari East São Paulo de Olivença Rio Solimões/ Amazonas Northwestern Seringal da Rio Purus Southwestern Caridade Seringal Rio Purus West Central Fortaleza Serrinha Rio Negro Northern

8 table S4. Stations used in the IHA analysis of individual dams, with supporting information. Dam Name Station Name Distance from dam (km) Location Years Pre- Impact Balbina Cachoeira Morena 33 downstream 14 ( ) Cachoeira do Ceres 57 downstream 37 Lavrinha ( ) Cachoeira do Jaraguá 54 upstream 36 Lavrinha ( ) Coaracy Leônidas (Bambu) 2 upstream 7 Nunes ( ) Coaracy Porto Platon 34 upstream 7 Nunes ( ) Coaracy Serra do Navio 155 upstream 7 Nunes ( ) Guaporé Mato Grosso 210 downstream 24 ( ) Guaporé Pontes e Lacerda 2 downstream 27 ( ) Itiquira Itiquira 144 upstream 30 ( ) Lajeado Fazenda Lobeira 225 upstream 30 ( ) Lajeado Jacinto 300 upstream 20 ( ) Manso Fazenda Raizama 7 downstream (Coimbra) - F6 (182-1) Manso Rosário Oeste 128 downstream 31 ( ) Rio Branco Cachoeira do 5 upstream 10 Cachimbo (-2004) Santa Lúcia II Fazenda Tucunaré 20 downstream 7 ( ) São Domingos Fazenda Veneza 75 downstream (176-18) Serra da Mesa AHE São Félix - Mira 60 downstream 21 B / S. Félix (175-16) Serra da Mesa Fazenda Angical 255 downstream 21 (175-16) Years Post- Impact 18 (11-20) ( ) 10 ( ) 38 ( ) 38 ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) 12 ( ) ( ) ( ) 8 ( ) ( ) 20 ( ) ( ) 8 ( ) Corresponding LOR Station Estirão da Angelica Barra do Bugres Ivolândia Estirão da Angelica São Francisco Estirão da Angelica Barra do Bugres Barra do Bugres Barra do Bugres Barra do Bugres Barra do Bugres Barra do Bugres Barão de Melgaço Mineração Ponte Massangana Porto Roncador Lavandeira Santo Antônio do Leverger Significance Level based on LOR 85% CI within 10% of 80% CI within 10% of 10% of 85% CI within 10% of 80% CI within 10% of 10% of

9 Serra da Mesa Peixe 20 downstream 25 (171-16) Serra da Mesa UHE Peixe Angical 155 downstream 21 Fazenda Barreiro (175-16) Tucuruí Araguatins 460 upstream ( ) Tucuruí Descarreto 430 upstream 25 ( ) Tucuruí Itupiranga 150 upstream 14 Tucuruí Marabá 10 upstream 12 ( ) Tucuruí Tocantinópolis 40 upstream 25 ( ) Tucuruí Tucuruí downstream 14 Tucuruí Xambioá 600 upstream ( ( ) 30 ( ) (185-16) (185-16) (185-16) (185-16) (185-16) 30 ( ) 10% of 10% of 10% of 80% CI within 10% of 10% of 10% of 80% CI within 10% of 10% of 85% CI within 10% of

10 table S5. Stations used in the IHA analysis of multiple dams in the Amazon and Paraná basins. IHA Run # (Match with # in Table S) Dams River Station Name Amazon Basin Dardanelos, Faxinal I Aripuanã Humboldt 1 8 Bauríto, Garganta da Jararaca Paraná Basin Ponte de Pedra, Aquarus, Santa Gabriela Antônio Brennand, Jauru, Indiavaí, Ombreiras, Salto, Figueirópolis Itiquira, Ponte de Pedra, Aquarius, Santa Gabriela Juba I, Juba II, Graça Brennand, Pampeana Sangue Sangue Fazenda Tombador Fazenda Tombador Years Pre- Impact (183-16) 2 15 ( ) 3 15 ( ) Correntes Estrada BR ( ) Jauru Água Suja 5 17 ( ) Jauru Porto Esperidião 6 34 ( ) Piquiri São Jerônimo 7 28 ( ) Piquiri São Jerônimo 8 28 ( ) Piquiri São José do 27 Piquiri ( ) Piquiri São José do Piquiri ( ) Sepotuba Cáceres 2 (166-15) Sepotuba São José do 12 1 River Sepotuba (170-15) Years Post- Impact 17 ( ) 10 ( ) 6 ( ) ( ) 12 ( ) 12 ( ) 12 ( ) 10 ( ) 12 ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) Corresponding LOR Station Porto Roncador Porto dos Gaúchos Porto dos Gaúchos Significance Level based on LOR 80% CI within Barra do Bugres Below 80% CI within 10% of Barra do Bugres Below 80% CI within 10% of Barra do Bugres Below 80% CI within 10% of Barão de Melgaço Barão de Melgaço Barão de Melgaço Barão de Melgaço Porto Roncador Barão de Melgaço 85% CI within 5% of

11 table S6. Stations used in the IHA analysis of multiple dams in the Tocantins basin. Combination of Dams Station Name IHA Run # (Match with # in Table S) Years Pre- Impact 1. Serra da Mesa, Cana Brava Ahe São Félix - Mira 21 B/S. Félix (175-16) Fazenda Angical (175-16) Fazenda Angical (175-16) Uhe Peixe Angical Fazenda Barreiro (175-16) Uhe Peixe Angical Fazenda Barreiro (175-16) Peixe (171-16) 2. Serra da Mesa, Cana Brava, Porto Nacional 1 52 Lajeado (1-15) 3. Serra da Mesa, Cana Brava, Lajeado, Peixe Angical, São Salvador 4. Serra da Mesa, Cana Brava, Lajeado, Peixe Angical, São Salvador, Estreito Peixe (171-16) Peixe (171-16) Carolina (162-16) Carolina (162-16) Descarreto (155-16) Descarreto (155-16) Miracema Do Tocantins (170-16) Miracema Do Tocantins (170-16) Tocantinópolis (155-16) Tocantinópolis 2 37 (155-16) Years Post- Impact ( ) 8 ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) ( ) 10 ( ) 15 ( ) 6 ( ) 14 (17-20) ( ) 18 ( ) 18 ( ) 18 ( ) Corresponding LOR Station Santo Antônio do Leverger São Félix do São Félix do São Félix do São Félix do São Félix do São Félix do São Félix do Significance Level based on LOR 80% CI within

12 5. Tucuruí, Serra da Mesa, Cana Brava, Lajeado, Peixe Angical, São Salvador, Estreito Tupiratins (170-16) Tupiratins (170-16) Descarreto ( ) Descarreto ( ) Descarreto ( ) Itupiranga Itupiranga Itupiranga Marabá ( ) Marabá 3 12 ( ) Marabá ( ) Tocantinópolis ( ) Tocantinópolis ( ) Tocantinópolis ( ) Tucuruí Tucuruí Tucuruí ( ) 30 ( ) 17 ( ) 30 ( ) 16 ( ) 28 ( ) 16 ( ) 30 ( ) 16 ( ) 30 ( ) 16 ( ) 80% CI within 80% CI within

13 table S7. IHA results for streamflow stations in the individual dams analysis. Dam Name Station Name Overall HA Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Balbina Cachoeira Morena Cachoeira do Lavrinha Ceres Cachoeira do Lavrinha Jaraguá Coaracy Nunes Leônidas (Bambu) Coaracy Nunes Porto Platon Coaracy Nunes Serra do Navio Guaporé Mato Grosso Guaporé Pontes e Lacerda Itiquira Itiquira Lajeado Fazenda Lobeira Lajeado Jacinto Manso Fazenda Raizama (Coimbra) - F Manso Rosário Oeste Rio Branco Cachoeira do Cachimbo Santa Lúcia II Fazenda Tucunaré São Domingos Fazenda Veneza Serra da Mesa AHE São Félix - Mira B/S. Félix Serra da Mesa Fazenda Angical Serra da Mesa Peixe Serra da Mesa UHE Peixe Angical Fazenda Barreiro Tucuruí Araguatins Tucuruí Descarreto Tucuruí Itupiranga Tucuruí Marabá Tucuruí Tocantinópolis Tucuruí Tucuruí Tucuruí Xambioá

14 table S8. IHA results for streamflow stations in the multiple dams analysis. IHA Run # (match with # in Tables S5 and S6) Overall HA Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group

15