THE BRAZILIAN PUBLIC MINISTRY AND THE DEFENSE OF THE AMAZONIAN ENVIRONMENT Raimundo Moraes III Congresso da IUCN Bangkok, November 17-25 2004
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN BRAZIL The Constitution states that every person has the right to an ecologically sound environment as a public good that is essential to good quality of life. It empowers society to defend and preserve it for present and future generations.
Environment Management in Brazil: Constitutional mandate implemented through administrative, normative and jurisdictional activities in order to prevent and mitigate environmental damage.
PUBLIC FUNCTION OF THE ENVIROMENT: NORMATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTIONAL
COOPERATIVE FEDERALISM AND PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN BRAZIL Função pública Normativa Atividades Repartição de competências Instrumento de participação da sociedade Elaboração das normas Art. 22 (da União) Plebiscito (Art. 14, I). e da política pública Art. 24 (concorrente: União x Referendo (Art. 14, II). Criação das diretrizes e Estados e DF) Iniciativa popular de lei (Art. 14, III, 27, detalhamento das Art. 25 (dos Estados) 4º, 29, XI, e 61, 2º). políticas públicas Art. 30, I e II (dos Municípios). Audiência pública (Art. 58, 2º, II). Regulamentação geral Art. 32, 1º.(dos Municípios) de normas Direito de petição (Art. 58, 2º, IV). Conselho paritário (Art. 204, II; 206, VI e 227, 7º). Administrativa Implementação de normas e políticas públicas Exercício do poder de polícia administrativa Exercício de direitos e tomada de decisões Responsabilização Art. 21, I a XII e XIII a XXV (União). Art. 23 (concorrente) Art. 25 (dos Estados) Art. 30, III a IX (dos Municípios). Processos decisórios (Art. 5º, LV). Plebiscito (Art. 14, I). Referendo (Art. 14, II). Conselho paritário (Art. 194, VII; 198, III; 204, II; 206, VI e 227, 7º). Audiência pública Consulta pública Jurisdicional Decisão sobre litígios Defesa e garantia de direitos potencial ou efetivamente lesado Responsabilização civil e penal Dicção do direito Art. 21, XIII, 106 a 109, (União). Art. 125 (Estados) (O Município não tem Sistema Judiciário próprio) Iniciativa de ações (Art. 5º, LIV e LIV): - penais públicas (Art. 129, I, e 5º, LIX) - civis públicas (Art. 129, III) - populares (Art. 5º, LXXIII) - mandado de segurança coletivo (Art. 5º, LXX)
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN BRAZIL PROBLEMS DEMANDS/OBJETIVES ADMINISTRATIVE DEFICIENCY DEFICIENT CAPACITY FORMATION INADEQUATE TASK SPECIALIZATION AND OVERLAPPING OF JOB TASKS DEFICIENCY OR INEXISTENCY OF TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT INFORMATION DEFICIENCY LIMITED NUMBER OF STAFF LACK OF GOVERNMENT CONTROL BY CIVIL SOCIETY ENHANCE CAPACITY BUILDING FOR BETTER ORGANIZATION AND PARTICIPATION HUMAN RESOURCES CAPACITY PLAN EXTEND AND CONSOLIDATE TASK ESPECIALIZATION AND IMPROVE TASK DESCRIPTION MAKE TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC FRAMEWORK AVAILABLE PRODUCE, ORGANIZE AND PUBLISH INFORMATION INTEGRATION OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL INSTITUCIONAL PRESENCE EXTEND PUBLIC CONTROL IN GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
MISSION OF THE BRAZILIAN PUBLIC MINISTRY (MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO) The Public Ministry is permanent, essential institution to the jurisdictional function of the state. It includes the defense of the legal framework, of the democratic regime and of the social and individual interests.
INSTITUCTIONAL FUNCTION OF THE PUBLIC MINISTRY 1) Promote prosecution of criminal actions; 2) Defend the population vis a vis the government s power; 3) Promotion of legal tools to protect the public and social goods, the environment and other public interests; 4) Promotion of legal tools against unconstitutional action; 5) Defend indigenous populations; 6) External check of police activities.
FORUM OF THE PUBLIC MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE LEGAL AMAZON OBJECTIVE: TO IMPROVE COORDINATION AMONG STATE AND FEDERAL PUBLIC MINISTRIES OF THE LEGAL AMAZON FOR THE STRENGTHNING OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT IN ORDER TO IMPROVE, IMPLEMENT AND EXTEND THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL LAW IN THE AMAZON.
FORUM OF THE PUBLIC MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE LEGAL AMAZON PROJECTS: LONG DISTANCE LEARNING PROGRAM - SPECIALIZATION COURSE ON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW A MAP OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS ENVIRONMENTAL BRIEFS
MARKET-BASED MECHANISMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES, CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES: CAN BE AN INCENTIVE FOR THE COMPLIANCE OF THE RULES AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES. NEED A BETTER REGULATED INSTITUTIONAL CLIMATE. DIFFICULTIES IN THE AMAZON CONTEXT LAND CONFLICTS, FORCED LABOR NEED BETTER TRANSPARENCY
Raimundo Moraes Coordinator of Environmental Office of the Operational Support Center of the Public Ministry of Pará State. Coordinator of the Forum of the Public Ministry of the Environment for the Amazon. Director in the Amazon of the Law for a Green Planet Institute. Northern Vice Director of the Brazilian Public Ministry Environmental Association Rua João Diogo, 100/1º andar 66635-110 - Cidade Velha Belém Pará Amazônia - Brasil raimoraes@yahoo.com numamp@mp.pa.gov.br Fones: 55-XX-91-4006-3557/3509