A lei brasileira de air bag: a visão das montadoras

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1 A lei brasileira de air bag: a visão das montadoras Aspectos técnicos necessários para garantir eficácia da nova lei dos airbags na proteção de ocupantes Henrique Martins Supervisor de Segurança Veicular, FORD MOTOR COMPANY

2 Objectives: Law No / Resolution No. 311: Mandatory frontal air bags. Frontal airbags - benefits Regulatory statements (WHAT vs. HOW) Technical aspects to support an effective implementation of the airbag resolution Brazilian Regulatory Future trend / Challenges Questions & Discussion

3 Law No of March 18, 2009: Amendment to the Article 105 of Law No 9503 of September 23, 1997, that establishes the Brazilian Traffic Code, to include the mandatory use of supplemental restraint system - air bag. Resolution No. 311, April 03, 2009: Article 1 - To establish as mandatory the supplemental passive safety device AIR BAG, installed in frontal position for the driver and front seat passenger, for vehicles, of categories M1 and N1, domestic and imported Article 2 - For the purposes of this Resolution, Air Bag is defined as supplemental restraint device that aims to minimize the contact of one or more parts of the body of the occupant with the interior of the vehicle, comprising a set of sensors placed in strategic places of the vehicle structure, the electronic control central, propellant gas generator device to inflate the bag of resistant fabric.

4 Resolution No. 311, April 03, 2009: Article 3 The provisions of Resolution applies to vehicles of category M1 and N1, according to the implementation timing defined below: I New car and derived vehicle designs, domestic or imported. II Car and derived vehicle production, domestic or imported.

5 Frontal airbags - benefits: NHTSA estimates that as of Jan. 1, 2009, more than 28,000 people are alive because of frontal airbags. Eighty-two percent were drivers and 18 percent were front seat passengers. Forty percent were belted and 60 percent were unbelted. In frontal crashes, frontal airbags reduce driver fatalities by 29 percent and fatalities of right front passengers aged 13 and older by 32 percent. NHTSA estimates that the combination of an airbag plus a lap and shoulder belt reduces the risk of death by 61 percent, compared with a 50 percent reduction for belts alone in frontal crashes Source :IIHS website - Jan

6 Regulatory statements can define: WHAT a system must do (Performance), examples: CONTRAN 221/07 CONTRAN 463/73 ECE 94 FMVSS 214 etc HOW a system must be (define technology solution to be used / Define system characteristics), examples: Resolution No. 311: Mandatory frontal air bags CONTRAN 14/98: Mandatory equipment

7 Since the Resolution No. 311 defines only the technology solution to be used, some technical aspects must be consider, in order to support an effective implementation of the Law: Performance (CONTRAN 221/07) Information/ Label Infants / Children protection Static Deployment Criteria Airbag litigation cases: Jurisprudence

8 Brazilian Regulatory Future trend / Challenges: The regulatory must be based on Performance (WHAT a system must do) instead of defining the technology solution to be used (HOW a system must do) Need to increase the amount of National Traffic Statistical data available Need to increase contribution from other vehicle safety players (diagram) Education, expertise on new regulatory for Brazilian judiciary system

9 WHIPLASH example: crash-responsive head restraints: Fixed head rest + mechanical WHIPLASH design:

10 WHIPLASH example: crash-responsive head restraints Fixed head rest + mechanical WHIPLASH design Source : EuroNCAP Results

11 Questions & Discussion

12 Label example FMVSS208

13 Traffic Safety Diagram: Vehicles Infra-structure Environment Traffic Safety Human: Drivers & Pedestrians Regulatory & Discipline Source: Traffic safety: Using engineering to reduce accidents Author: Philip Anthony Gold

14 Injury Scaling - The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS): AIS Severity Code Description Minor Moderate Serious Severe Critical Maximum Examples Surface injuries such as bruises, lacerations and abrasions. Also includes cervical spine strain (commonly referred to as whiplash ), headache or dizziness, single rib or toe fracture. More serious surface injuries such as deep lacerations, periods of unconsciousness less than one hour, 2-3 rib fractures or sternum fractures and closed fractures of the arms or legs. Unconsciousness of 1-6 hours, > 4 rib fractures with blood or air in the chest cavity, knee dislocation and femur fractures and open fractures of the arms or legs. Unconsciousness of 6-24 hours, > 4 rib fractures with flail chest, major liver laceration, incomplete spinal cord severance and amputation or massive crush of upper or lower extremities. Includes unconsciousness > 24 hours, partial aorta transection, kidney, liver or colon rupture, amputation of extremities and spinal cord damage leading to quadriplegia. Includes massive head crush, massive chest crush, complete aortic transection and complete spinal cord transection above the third cervical vertebrae (hangman s fracture). Source: AIS 98, AAAM Publications