A FLORISTIC SURVEY OF THE VEGETATION COVER AT THE CAMPUS OF UNIVATES, LAJEADO CITY, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL

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1 ISSN ON-LINE A FLORISTIC SURVEY OF THE VEGETATION COVER AT THE CAMPUS OF UNIVATES, LAJEADO CITY, RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL Jonas Bernardes Bica 1 ; Cátia Viviane Gonçalves 2 ; André Jasper 3 4 ABSTRACT The integration of society with the environment often goes unnoticed in the daily routine of users in urban environments. On the other hand, urban landscaping seeks harmony between natural and built-up environments. This study identified native and exotic species in common areas on campus of Centro Universitário UNIVATES. We collected samples of the arboreal species and identified them with specific dichotomous keys. We found 465 individuals of 59 species in 26 families. We observed a predominance of exotic species (35; 50.3%) over native ones (27; 49.7%). The most frequently species found were Dypsis lutescens (65 individuals), Syagrus romanzoffiana (52 individuals), Inga marginata (77 individuals), Peltophorum dubium (21 individuals) and Bauhinia sp. (27 individuals). The species Butia capitata, Ficus luschnathiana and Ficus cestrifolia are highlighted for their ecological significance. Aiming to improve interaction between the students and the environment, nameplates containing information about the species occurrence, scientific name, and popular name were attached to the trees. We hope that this information helps to value and preserve the green areas on the UNIVATES campus. Keywords: green areas; tree identification; interaction; self-guided knowledge. ROTA AMBIENTAL: LEVANTAMENTO FLORÍSTICO DA VEGETAÇÃO EMPREGADA NA ARBORIZAÇÃO DA UNIVATES, LAJEADO/RS RESUMO A integração da sociedade com o meio ambiente, muitas vezes passa desapercebida no cotidiano de transeuntes que circulam por áreas verdes, por outro lado, o paisagismo urbano busca harmonia entre o ambiente natural e o construído. Buscou-se identificar as espécies nativas e exóticas encontradas nas áreas de uso comum do campus da Univates. Foram coletadas amostras de espécies arbóreas e arborescentes presentes nas áreas comuns do campus e, com auxílio de chaves dicotômicas específicas, realizou-se a identificação das mesmas. Foram encontradas 465 espécimes de 59 espécies, distribuídas em 26 famílias. As espécies exóticas tiveram uma maior ocorrência do que as nativas, sendo que foram encontradas 35 (50,3%) espécies exóticas e 27 (49,7%) nativas. As espécies encontradas com maior frequência foram Dypsis lutescens (65 indivíduos), Syagrus romanzoffiana (52 indivíduos), Inga marginata (77 indivíduos), Peltophorum dubium (21 indivíduos) e Bauhinia sp. (27 indivíduos). As espécies Butia capitata, Ficus cestrifolia e Ficus luschnathiana são destaque por sua importância ecológica. Visando proporcionar a maior interação entre os estudantes e o meio ambiente, foram implantadas placas com informações sobre ocorrência, nomenclatura científica e popular das espécies, contribuindo para conhecimento monitorado ou autoguiado bem como para a valorização e auxílio na manutenção dos ambientes verdes da Univates. Palavras-chave: Áreas verdes; identificação arbórea; interação; conhecimento autoguiado. 1 Biólogo, Mestrando do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento do Centro Universitário UNIVATES (PPGAD/Univates Bolsa FAPERGS), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, contato: jonas2bel@universo.univates.br 2 Bióloga, Mestre em Ecologia, coordenadora do Programa Interno de Separação de Resíduos do Centro Universitário UNIVATES (PISR/UNIVATES), Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, contato: biologacatia@univates.br 3 Biólogo, Doutor em Geociências, Docente do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ambiente e Desenvolvimento do Centro Universitário UNIVATES (PPGAD/Univates), Bolsista de Produtividade em Pesquisa CNPq, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, contato: ajasper@univates.br 4 recebido em e aceito para publicação em

2 INTRODUCTION Urban afforestation contributes to maintaining a pleasant environment playing an important role in the quality of life in cities and, therefore, in the health of the population (MÜLLER, 1998). Shams; Giacomeli and Sucomine (2009) state that an accelerated urbanization process can cause serious damage to the environment, as well as considerable economic losses, affecting social and quality of life in urban communities. In this sense, in addition to the quality of life of people, urban afforestation is very important for biodiversity conservation in cities (RICHTER et al., 2012). Sanchotene (1994) defined urban afforestation as a set of the arboreal vegetation, natural or cultivated, in private areas, parks, squares, streets, and in green areas. Richter et al. (2012) states that the urban afforestation refers to treesized plants, within the city, thus, the trees planted on sidewalks are part of this landscape composition, as well as those planted in parks and squares. For Schanzer (2003), the presence of vegetation exerts great influence on aspects of environmental comfort especially on issues regarding thermal comfort and the perception of the built-up environment. Floristic surveys on campuses allow the development of management and monitoring actions of local afforestation, which provides benefits and welfare to the environment as well as to the population that frequent the area (COSTA; MACHADO, 2009) valuing the existing forest in each site (KURIHARA; IMAÑA-ENCINAS; PAULA, 2005). In order to promote popular and scientific knowledge, this study identified tree and arboreal species in common areas on campus of UNIVATES. MATERIALS AND METHODS The campus of Centro Universitário UNIVATES (Figure 1), is located in the municipality of Lajeado, in Vale do Taquari, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. It is inserted into the Atlantic Rainforest Biome, integrating the phytogeographical region Deciduous Forest. We identified tree and arboreal species in common areas of the campus. We use the dichotomous key proposed by Sobral et al. (2013) to identify the native species. For that, the plant material was collected as proposed by Jasper, Musskopf and Majolo (1997). We identified the exotic species using bibliography for exotic species of Rio Grande do Sul State, mainly Lorenzi (2003). After the identification, nameplates containing information on the family, scientific and popular names were fixed to all individuals. The species protected by Laws No /97 and 9519/92 of Rio Grande do Sul State received additional nameplates indicating their legal importance. A FLORISTIC SURVEY OF THE VEGETATION COVER AT THE 119

3 Figure 1. Aerial view of the UNIVATES campus. Source: from February 26, RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We identified and delineated 465 individuals of 59 species and 25 families (Table 1). We registered a predominance of exotic species (35) in relation to native species (27). Table 1. Species identified on campus of Centro Universitário UNIVATES divided into families and their quantities. Family Scientific name Popular name Anacardiacea e Number of individual s Relative Frequenc y Origin Manguifera indica Manga % Exotic Arecaceae Schinus terebinthifolius Aroeiravermelha % Native Araliaceae Schefflera arborícola Cheflera % Exotic Araucariaceae Araucaria columnaris Pinheiro-denatal % Exotic Archontophoenix cunninghamii Palmeira-real % Exotic Butia capitata Butiá % Native Dypsis decary Palmeiratriangular % Exotic Dypsis lutescens Areca-bambu % Exotic Jonas Bernardes Bica et al. 120

4 Euphorbiacea e Phoenix roebelinii Tamareira-anã % Exotic Syagrus romanzoffiana Gerivá % Native Asteraceae Annona sylvatica Araticum Handroanthus crisotrichus Ipê-amarelo % Exotic Handroanthus Bignoniaceae heptaphylus Ipê-roxo % Native Jacaranda micrantha Caroba Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacarandámimoso % Exotic Cannabaceae Trema micrantha Grandiúva % Native Chamaecyparis obtusa Ciprestedourado % Exotic Cipresteportuguês Cupressus lusitanica Cupressaceae % Exotic Cupressus sempervirens Cipreste-comum % Exotic Juniperus chinensis torulosa Kaizuca % Exotic Cycadaceae Cycas revoluta Palma-de-santa % Exotic rita Alchornea triplinervia Tanheiro % Native Sapium glandulosum Leiteiro % Native Acacia mearnsii Acacia % Exotic Bauhinea sp. Pata-de-vaca % Exotic Caesalpinia ferrea Pau-ferro % Native Caesalpinia peltophoroides Sibipiruna % Exotic Fabaceae Calliandra brevipes Topete-decardeal Inga marginata Ingazeiro % Native Peltophorum dubium Canafístula % Native Schizolobium parahyba Guapuruvu % Exótico Senna oblongifolia Acácia % Native Tipuana tipu Tipuana % Exotic Juglandaceae Juglans regia Nogueira % Exotic Cinnamomun verun Canela-da-índia % Exotic Nectandra oppositifolia Canelaferrugem Persea americana Abacateiro % Exotic Meliaceae Guarea machrophylla Catiguámorcego Melia azedarach Cinamomo % Exotic Ficus benjamini Fico-chorão % Exotic Moraceae Ficus cestrifolia Figueira-defolha-miúda % Native Ficus luschnathiana Figueira % Native Campomanesia xanthocarpa Guabiroba % Native Myrtaceae Eugenia involucrata Cerejeira % Native Eugenia pyriformis Uvaia Eugenia uniflora Pitangueira % Native Psydium guajava Goiabeira % Exotic Sizygium jambolana João-bolão % Exótico Nyctaginacea e Bougainvillea spectabilis Três-marias % Exotic Oleaceae Ligustrum lucidum Ligustro % Exotic A FLORISTIC SURVEY OF THE VEGETATION COVER AT THE 121

5 Pinaceae Pinus eliottii Pinheiroamericano % Exótico Proteaceae Grevillea robusta Grevilea % Exotic Rhamnaceae Hovenia dulcis Uva-do-japão % Exotic Rosaceae Eryobotria japonica Nespereira % Exotic Salicaceae Casearia sylvestris Chá-de-bugre % Native Allophilus edulis Chau-chau % Native Camboatávermelho Cupania vernalis Sapindaceae Matayba juglandifolia Camboatábranco Solanaceae Solanum mauritianum Fumo-bravo Native species represent 52.04% of the individuals found (242 trees) and 47.96% exotic individuals (223 trees). The species with higher frequency were Inga marginata, 16.56% with 77 individuals; Dypsis lutescens, 13.98% with 65 individuals; Syagrus romanzoffiana, 11.18% with 52 individuals. These results conflict with Batista et al. (2013), who argues that it is possible to select native species appropriate for the enrichment of regional diversity of afforestation of urban streets, squares and avenues. For Melo and Severo (2007) the use of ornamental plants in landscaping, as scenic composition or enhancement of structures and environments, has become part of functional aspects of their use with multiple purpose. The functional aspect, the symbiosis between the objective and the object, where the focus is the improvement of the quality of life for the population is aggregated to the art of beauty, aesthetics and shape (ANGELIS NETO; ANGELIS, 1999). We observed the preservation of species Butia capitata, Ficus cestrifolia and Ficus luschnathiana, identified on campus, is highlighted by their ecological importance. These species are protected by Laws No /97 and 9519/92 of the Rio Grande do Sul State and were identified with a specific card (Figure 2). The species are kept in strategic locations in terms of ecological and landscape interest. Figure 2. Specific card for individuals protected by State Law. Tradution: ATTENTION This tree is protected from cutting by the state law No. 9519/92 Individual of the ficus genus For further information, call extension 5577 Source: Department of Botany and Paleobotany of UNIVATES. Jonas Bernardes Bica et al. 122

6 Plant cover on the UNIVATES campus, according to Melo and Severo (2007), can arouse environmental awareness on users through the interpretation of nature and experience in better-preserved areas with landscape biodiversity. This promotes more integration between the society and the environment, enhancing, in turn, the understanding of the importance of the features of these landscapes, both for the ecological interactions and for the well-being of society. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified 465 arboreal and tree individuals in the common areas of the UNIVATES campus. The delineation and characterization of these individuals allowed to improve the knowledge on arboreal vegetation diversity to student and visitors to the campus. Through the communication means, UNIVATES currently promotes interaction and contact of students and visitors to the campus with the natural environment of the common areas. UNIVATES also disseminates the green areas of the institution to release information on the interactions of the university with the community, providing popular and scientific knowledge to the population. ACKNOWLEDMENTS The authors wish to thank the students from the Biological Sciences Course at the Centro Universitário UNIVATES: Eduardo Graf, Rosane Pereira da Silva, Claudete Teresinha Klafke Mallman, Talyssa Valerius and Joana Beuren. We also give thanks to FAPERGS for granting a scholarship to the first author. We would like to thank CNPq, CAPES and FAPERGS for the financial support. REFERENCES ANGELIS NETO, G; ANGELIS, B.L.D. de Plantas ornamentais: do paisagismo a outras aplicações. Rev. Bras. Hortc. Ornam., Campinas, v.5, n.1, p.12-19, BATISTA, M. L.; LOPES, A. G.; DE CARVALHO, F. A.; DA SILVA, L. F.; GALVES, N.; PEDRO, N. F.; STRANGHETTI, V. Indicação de essências regionais do noroeste paulista para enriquecimento da arborização de ruas, praças e avenidas. REVSBAU, Piracicaba SP, v.8, n.1, p.75 88, COSTA, I.S.; MACHADO, R.R.B. A arborização do câmpus da UESPI Poeta Torquato Neto em Teresina (PI): diagnóstico e monitoramento. REVSBAU, v. 4, n.4, p.32-46, A FLORISTIC SURVEY OF THE VEGETATION COVER AT THE 123

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