Os substantivos identificam e dão nomes às pessoas, coisas e qualidades do nosso dia a dia.

Transcrição

1 NOUNS - SUBSTANTIVOS 1. NOUNS Os substantivos identificam e dão nomes às pessoas, coisas e qualidades do nosso dia a dia. SUBSTANTIVO TRADUÇÃO teacher professor horse cavalo building prédio sky céu Sunday domingo Brazil Brasil faith fé information informação Temos substantivos concretos (concrete nouns) SUBSTANTIVO CONCRETO cats dogs table chairs buses teacher TRADUÇÃO gatos cachorros mesa cadeiras ônibus professor Temos substantivos abstratos (abstract nouns) SUBSTANTIVO ABSTRATO bravery calm comfort happiness hate liberty TRADUÇÃO bravura calma conforto felicidade ódio liberdade Alguns dos substantivos coletivos (collective nouns) mais usados. COLETIVO TRADUÇÃO colony of ants/of rats de formigas/de ratos audience of spectators de espectadores brigade of soldiers de soldados cast of actor de atores staff of employees de empregados team of athletes de atletas flock of birds/of ducks de pássaros/de patos herd of elephants de elefantes squad of soldiers de soldados 1

2 archipelago of island pack of dogs fleet of ships/of aircrafts de ilhas de cachorro de navios, de aeronaves 2. GÊNEROS DOS SUBSTANTIVOS (GENDER OF NOUNS) Alguns substantivos acrescentamos o sufixo -ess ao substantivo masculino para formar o feminino. MASCULINO FEMININO TRADUÇÃO author authoress autor(a) baron baroness barão/baronesa count countess conde/condessa heir heiress herdeiro(a) steward stewardess comissário(a) de bordo prince princess príncipe/princesa poet poetess poeta/poetisa host hotess anfitrião/anfitriã lion lioness leão/leoa prophet prophetess profeta/profetisa Em alguns casos há uma mudança na ortografia MASCULINO FEMININO TRADUÇÃO waiter waitress garçom/garçonete emperor empress imperador/imperatriz duke duchess duque/duquesa god goddess deus/deusa actor actress ator/atriz ambassador ambassadress embaixador/embaixatriz tiger tigress tigre/tigresa master mistress senhor/senhora murderer murderess assassino/assassina Alguns substantivos masculinos apresentam formas irregulares de feminino. MASCULINO FEMININO TRADUÇÃO man woman homem/mulher bachelor spinster solteirão/solteirona boy girl menino (a) brother sister Irmão/irmã bull cow touro/vaca cock/rooster hen galo/galinha dog bitch cão/cadela father mother pai/mãe fox vixen raposa macho/fêmea gentleman lady cavalheiro/dama king queen rei/rainha husband wife esposo/esposa 2

3 drone bee zangão/abelha horse mare cavalo/égua son daughter filho(a) monk nun frade/freira grandson granddaughter neto(a) MASCULINO FEMININO TRADUÇÃO sir madam senhor(a) Uncle aunt tio(a) wizard witch bruxo(a) nephew niece sobrinho(a) drake duck pato(a) widower widow viúvo/viúva Mister (Mr) Misses (Mrs) senhor(a) Alguns substantivos apresentam apenas uma forma, tanto para o masculino quanto para o feminino. MASCULINO/FEMININO TRADUÇÃO artist artista child criança/filho(a) cook cozinheiro(a) cousin primo(a) dancer dançarino(a) driver o/a motorista journalist o/a jornalista painter pintor(a) neighbor vizinho(a) parent pai/mãe person pessoa MASCULINO/FEMININO prisoner reporter singer teacher scientist pianist doctor economist director designer soldier judge TRADUÇÃO prisioneiro(a) o/a repórter cantor(a) professor(a) o/a cientista o/a pianista médico/a a/o economista diretor/a criador/a-desenho soldado/a juiz/a Para distinguir o gênero dos substantivos que designam a maioria das espécies de animais, utilizam-se as formas male (macho) e female (fêmea) antes dele. 3

4 ESPÉCIE MASCULINO FEMININO TRADUÇÃO elephant male elephant female elephant elefante/elefanta bear male bear female bear urso(a) mouse male mouse female mouse rato(a)/ratazana zebra male zebra female zebra zebra/macho/fêmea giraffe male giraffe female giraffe girafa/macho/fêmea 4

5 EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 1. (AFA) I m still doubtful about the characters of the new novel. You probably agree that the suspects reactions were totally unexpected as their explanations didn t make their intentions clear enough in the testimony. We could first deduce that the fake nun was the prime suspect for having poisoned the stallion and the sow. On the other hand, the cunning steward and the wily widower had extravagant posture after the judgment. Considering the underlined words in the text, you could say that: a) Two words are female. b) Three words are female. c) All of words are male. d) Just one word is female. 2. (MIN.AER.) Jennifer,, didn't do a good job but the was very well in that movie. a) the actriss /artist b) the actrix / author c) the actress/ actor d) the actoress / actor 3. (AFA) In the following alternatives, all the nouns are feminine, EXCEPT: a) heiress / jewess / empress / mare b) spinster / niece / vixen / hen c) daughter / cock / witch / aunt d) lioness / cow / ewe / bee 4. (EPCAR) Mark the option that presents a mistake of gender. a) My niece is called Mary. b) Prince Diana died in car accident. c) My uncle is a good host. d) My father is a very wealthy man. 5. (ITA) Dadas as afirmações de que o feminino de: I. actor é actress II. nephew é niece III. wizard é witch 5

6 IV. monk é monkess constatamos que está(ão) correta(s): a) apenas a b) apenas a I e a II. c) apenas a I, a II e a III. d) apenas a IV. e) todas as afirmações. 6. (FATEC) Assinale a alternativa que só apresenta formas de feminino: a) actress, baroness, wife b) sister, granddaughter, son c) baby, artist, cousin d) father, actor, brother e) maid, wife, bull 7. (UEL) Assinale a alternativa que traz o par incorreto: a) brother/ sister b) husband/ wife c) father/ mother d) grandson / grandsister e) horse / mare 8. (MACKENZIE) Assinale a alternativa em que aparecem somente formas de feminino: a) mother, sister, wife, bachelor b) girl, aunt, Miss, spinster c) widow, brother-in-law, son-in-law, mother-in-law d) father, son, uncle, doctor e) baroness, countess, heir, actress 9. (ITA) Dadas as afirmações de que o feminino de l. bachelor é spinster II. uncle é aunt III. Mister é Miss constatamos que está(ão) correta(s): a) apenas a I. 6

7 b) apenas a II. c) apenas a I e a III d) apenas a I e a II. e) todas as afirmações 10. (UEL) Uma das alternativas abaixo apresenta somente formas de masculino. Qual? a) brother, son, actress b) niece, uncle, boy c) gentleman, husband, king d) queen, mare, vixen e) bachelor, fox, stewardess 11. (UNESP) Assinale a alternativa que contém o par correto: a) horse / hen b) nephew / niece c) reporter / reporteress d) uncle/ sister e) monk/ fox 12. (FAAP) Mark the pair which presents a mistake about gender. a) bride groom b) wizard wizardess c) actor actress d) rooster hen e) lion lioness 13. (UFPE) One of the pairs below contains a mistake of gender. Mark it. a) cock -chicken b) father -mother c) bull- cow d) friar -nun e) nephew- nephewess 14. (UFRRJ) Mark the correct sentence. a) The manageress is still a bachelor. 7

8 b) His daughter is a waiter. c) The lady is an actor. d) My aunt is a policeman. e) Their queen is a widow. 15. (ESC. NAVAL) Mark the item that contains only feminine nouns. a) jew actor waitress - princess b) baroness duchess mistress - hostess c) waiter tiger actress empress d) heir giant priest - master e) steward authoress abbess baron 16. (EFOMM) Mark the option that completes the sentence below correctly. All the women in town want to marry John because he is a rich. a) spinster b) mistress c) rooster d) bachelor e) stallion 17. (JFS) Mark the option that has the correct pair of male and female. a) drone droness b) fox foxess c) horse horsess d) drake duck e) bull bulless 18. (AFA) Paul,, didn t do a good job but the served us very well at the restaurant. a) the waiter / waitress b) the buck / doe c) the drake / duck d) the ram / ewe 19. (AFA) The was very elegant last night. She is the director s. a) wife / spinster 8

9 b) husband / wife c) steward / host d) lady / wife 20. (FEI) Mark the item that contains a sentence using male noun. a) Heroine of the movie is not a native of this country. b) My niece is playing in the play-ground. c) My aunt lives with her mother. d) The earl was not at the party. e) The mare was brought from Mexico. 9

10 TEXT COMPREHENSION TEXT 1 (EEAR) ARE YOU A PROCRASTINATOR? Following a schedule and doing things on time is extremely important in today s busy world. Using time effectively is a valuable skill that everyone must master. Catching a bus, getting to work or school on time, and even meeting friends requires managing time. Unfortunately, not everyone is very good at doing this. (Ref.1) Many people are procrastinators; they put off (Ref.2) doing things that they need to until it s too late. We all procrastinate sometimes in life. 1. According to the text, procrastinators a) delay things until there isn t enough time to execute them. b) know how to manage their time well. c) carefully make plans in advance. d) are always busy and tired not everyone is very good at doing this., (Ref.1), means that a) no one can use time well. b) everyone is able to use time successfully. c) anyone is capable of using time properly. d) not everybody can manage time effectively. 3. Put off, (Ref.2), is similar in meaning to a) forget. b) cancel. c) expect. d) postpone TEXT 2 (EEAR) MAD CAR DISEASE It was in the summer of 1992 that Britain s two main motoring organisations, the RAC (Royal Automobile Club) and the AA (Automobile Association), started to issue warnings about an increase in aggressive behaviour on the roads. The RAC noted that more and more drivers were losing their temper behind the wheel,(ref.1) and there were reports of fights between motorists. In Wakefield, West Yorkshire, a 78-year-old man died after he had been punched by a driver half his age during a dispute at a set of traffic lights. In another incident a pedestrian who forced a van driver to brake suddenly was beaten senseless by a vehicle s two occupants. (Adapted from Speak Up # 9) 10

11 GLOSSARY to issue warnings divulgar advertências 1. The text is about: a) Careless drivers. b) Reckless pedestrians. c) Constant traffic jams. d) Increasing violence in the traffic more and more drivers were losing their temper behind the wheel, (Ref.1), means that drivers a) need to control their temper. b) became bad-tempered while repairing their wheels. c) were lost because they didn t know where they were. d) were becoming so angry that they couldn t control themselves while driving. TEXT 3 (AFA) "I can empathize with the person who has his home violated and seeks both revenge on burglars in general, and a painfully deterring experience for the next burglar in particular who chooses him for a victim. But booby traps are not the way.(...) Under American law you can only hurt the burglar if he threatens the life and limb of innocent persons inside. A booby trap, something that physically harms an intruder, can maim or kill a fire fighter breaking in to rescue your home and possessions from a blaze. It can spring shut on your spouse or child, or even on you if you come home preoccupied with something else and forget to circumvent your trap. Improperly set up, it can go off accidentally and injure or kill you or a member of your family, or your household pet.(...) Booby traps are for guerrilla soldiers. They do not belong in American homes and business. If you try to use them you will be the "booby" who ultimately gets "trapped". ("The truth about booby traps", Massad F. Ayoob) 1. According to American laws a citizen has the right to. a) run away only during a fire b) kill only to protect his house c) revenge only particular intruders d) hurt only if he receives threatens in his house 2. "Booby trap" is a (an). a) proper weapon for revenges b) proper device for guerrillas c) home device safe against robbers d) excellent mechanism of protection 11

12 GABARITO EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. E 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. E 14. E 15. B 16. D 17. D 18. A 19. D 20. D TEXT COMPREHENSION TEXT 1 (EEAR) 1. A 2. D 3. D TEXT 2 (EEAR) 1. D 2. D 12

13 TEXT 3 (AFA) 1. D 2. B 13