Nanocomposite and Nanolayered PVD Functional Coatings

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1 Nanocomposite and Nanolayered PVD Functional Coatings Vasco Teixeira GRF-Grupo de Revestimentos Funcionais CFUM- Centro de Física da Universidade do Minho Universidade do Minho Guimarães fax: tel: 23146/ -Smart multilayered coatings smart windows -NANOEFFECT: Nanocomposites with High Colouration Efficiency for Electrochromic Smart Plastic Devices -Thermochromic thin films -Nanolayered and nano-graded coatings Solar selective surfaces -Solar Tiles - Desenvolvimento de Sistemas Solares Fotovoltaicos em Coberturas e Revestimentos Cerâmicos (Development of solar photovoltaic systems in roof and ceramic tiles) -Advanced TCO Transparent Oxide Conductors Thin Films -Multilayered, Nanocomposite and Nanostructured High Temperature Ceramic Coatings -Smart nanocoatings Self-cleaning and anti-dirt surfaces -Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Sputtered Coatings on Plastics for Self-Cleaning Applications -Project on nanofiltration and water purification -Low-friction coatings for mould injection components -NANOPACKSAFER: NANO-engineered PACKaging systems for improving quality, SAFEty and health characteristics of foods -NanoMeDiag-Nanobioanalytical platforms for improved medical diagnosis of infections caused by pathogen microorganisms ELECTROCHROMIC SMART COATINGS Smart multilayered coatings smart windows Electrochromic Materials such as tungstren oxide are used in devices for optical modulation activated by the an external electric voltage. NANOEFFECT will realize a major step to overcome the limitations of existing ECDs (Electro-Chromic Displays) by utilizing Physical-Chemical Nanotechnology Carl M. Lampert, Materials Today, March 24 p.28-3 colour + xm + xe + WO3 MxO 3 bleach Our device in operation. Hai-Ning Cui PhD project Nanoeffect flexible device Courtesy: C. Granqvist, ChromoGenics 1

2 STREP-EU-24: NANOEFFECT: Nanocomposites with High Colouration Efficiency for Electrochromic Smart Plastic Devices NANOEFFECT will realize a major step to overcome the limitations of existing ECDs (Electro- Chromic Displays) by utilizing Physical-Chemical Nanotechnology. Inorganic-organic nanocomposites will be endowed with conductive and electrochromic (EC) properties via the incorporation of conductive polymer components. The targeted development will yield novel EC nanocomposites and product-like prototypes of all-plastic ECDs based thereupon. Rigid device Glass based (window) ITO- glass vapor dep. low CE inorganic oxide hydrophilic polymer electrolyte inorganic counter electrode Flexible device All-plastic (spectacle ) TCO- plastic ITO- glass State-of- the -art expensive (vacuum ) poorly applicable on plastics durability problems (humidity, acids ) few colours (blue, blue grey ) TCO- plastic NANOEFFECT Cost -effective (wet -chemical, aqueous ) compatible with flexible substrates / plastics high durability (hydrophobic, acid -stable ) variety of colours (red, blue, green & mixtures) Compared to the state-of-the-art the novel technology will enable: wet-chemical processing at low temperatures be more cost-effective and flexible be broadly applicable to a variety of flat, curved, and woven plastic substrates show improve adhesion characteristics present fast switching times (2 min /,2 m2 to 1 s / cm2) a durability sufficient for eye-wear applications (-2 C - 6 C, 1 cc, 2 h Suntest) present an innovative environmentally safe power-supply solution THERMOCHROMIC COATINGS Thermochromic materials such as vanadium oxide are used in devices for color change activated by temperature GRF have developed doped vanadium oxides films with optmized transition temperatures Ts=63ºC λ=2. µm Heating Cooling ºC 7ºC Temperature (ºC) λ=2. µm Wavelength (nm) λ=2. µm 4 4 Heating Cooling 4 4 Heating Cooling Ts = 4ºC Temperature ºC Ts=31ºC Temperature (ºC)? 2

3 SPECTRALLY SELECTIVE SURFACES FOR SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS Nanolayered and nano-graded coatings Solar selective surfaces Cortesia AoSol, Lda Schematics of a multilayered nanocomposite coating produced b DC magnetron sputtering. Coating system: Mo-Al 2 O 3 Black top surface (Mo-MoO 2-Al 2O 3) Gradient cermet coating Mo-Al2O3 IR reflector Mo-Al composite layer Metallic substrate AFM image of a graded Ti-TiN y O x thin film α = 91 % ε = 4 % Solar Tiles - Desenvolvimento de Sistemas Solares Fotovoltaicos em Coberturas e Revestimentos Cerâmicos QREN Sistemas de Incentivo à Investigação e DesenvolvimentoTecnológico Projectos I&DT Empresas em Co-promoção Principais estratégias: -Redução do consumo de energia e de materiais por unidade produzida de bens ou serviços -Redução do impacto ambiental e/ou melhoria da saúde, higiene e segurança no trabalho -Alargamento da gama de bens ou serviços Áreas tecnológicas: Tecnologias dos Materiais, Energia, Tecnologias da Construção Contribuir para um novo tipo de arquitectura de edifícios, que inclua o eco-design, fachadas e coberturas de edifícios baseados em materiais cerâmicos fotovoltaicos, numa perspectiva de novos produtos cerâmicos multifuncionais, em que se pretende conjugar as funções de revestimento, estética e de produção de energia. As principais tarefas de I&DT da Universidade do Minho ligam-se ao desenvolvimento de: i) camadas espessas cerâmicas nanocompósitas de aderência-ligação /barreira de difusão entre o material base (por exemplo telha ou fachada cerâmica) e a estrutura multicamada (célula fotovoltaica); ii) filmes finos PVD (por pulverização catódica em magnetrão) de TCOs (óxidos condutores transparentes); iii) encapsulamento da célula solar através de polímeros especiais e aplicação de filmes finos de óxidos compósitos amorfos ou nanocristalinos que confiram grande resistência à transmissão de vapor de água e oxigénio (de modo a evitar a degradação das propriedades ópticas e eléctricas do dispositivo fotovoltaico, no que resultaria perda de eficiência). 3

4 Advanced TCO Transparent Oxide Conductors Thin Films Thin transparent conducting films have important uses for a variety of applications including thin films solar cells, flat panel displays, active-smart optical devices and touch screens. The added flexibility of polymer substrates opens up new device application opportunities that use curved and flexible surfaces. Optimized and novel TCO-transparent conductor oxides (based in ITO, GZO, AZO) layers will be deposited on plastics at room temperature by vacuum deposition techniques (PVD), such as magnetron sputtering techniques and IBAD-Ion Beam Deposition. SEM micrograph of a GZO film on PET AFM image of a GZO film on PC σ / MPa R/R ε / % PET + ITO system electromechanical properties HIGH TEMPERATURE CERAMIC NANOCOMPOSITE COATINGS Multilayered, Nanocomposite and Nanostructured Coatings gas turbine applications TBC (Thermal Barrier Coatings) development activity will involve research of new advanced composite and multilayered ceramic coating system, focusing primarily on increased temperature capability, reduced density and low thermal conductivity Porosity [%] GPIII Thickness [µm] Porosity distribution along the cross section determined by image analysis f e 2 2 Intensity (a.u.) 1 1 m(-111) t(111) Z12A14 Z6A7 Z3A Diffration (2 θ) m(-111) ZrO 2 Al 2 O Diffration (2 θ) XRD patterns of: a) ZrO 2 -A l2 O 3 nanostructured coatings prepared with different nanolayers thickness, b) the individual layers, monoclinic ZrO 2 layer and amorphous Al 2 O 3 Intensity (a.u.) 4

5 Smart nanocoatings Self-cleaning and anti-dirt surfaces Water droplets at surfaces: contact angle θ << 9 hydrophilic surface θ= 12 hydrophobic surface (e.g. Teflon) sliding drops, no roll off θ 18 ultra-hydrophobic surface roll off angle Ultra-hydrophobic surfaces: Self-cleaning effect (flat) hydrophobic surface hydrophobic surface combined 9 <= intrinsic contact angle θi <=12 with specific surface nano-roughness contact angle θ 18 -Rolling water drops act as mini-wipers -no adhering water drops => no evaporation residues, spots -self-cleaning Photocatalytic Activity of TiO 2 Sputtered Coatings on Plastics for Self-Cleaning Applications TiO 2 - MICROSTRUCTURE AND MORPHOLOGY (SEM) and (AFM) (a) 8 nm (b) 8 nm SEM micrographs showing the surface morphology of TiO 2 films deposited under two different sputtering pressures: a) pressure of.4 Pa; b) pressure of. Pa. Ra. = 1.98 nm Rms = 2.8 nm (a) Ra = 4.18 nm Rms =.697 nm Study of the deposition parameters and Fe-dopant effect in the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films prepared by dc reactive magnetron sputtering, J.O. Carneiro, V. Teixeira, A. Portinha, L. Dupák, A. Magalhães and P. Coutinho, Vacuum, Vol 78, 2, p (b) AFM 3D images of TiO 2 films deposited under the same total pressure of. Pa and with different iron concentration: a) low iron concentration b) high iron concentration

6 New project on nanofiltration Nanomaterials based in nanoscale composite thin films could provide novel opportunities to develop more efficient and cost effective nanostructured and reactive membranes for water purification and desalination. Development of coatings with antimicrobial capabilities that can minimize biological attachment and biofilm formation that can be applied to current generation membranes and new nanoporous membranes which are used for drinking water, wastewater and desalination. Development of innovative composite metal oxide nanostructured materials for the destruction of biological toxins in surface water and groundwater, using photocatalysis and oxidation. REVESTIMENTOS DE BAIXO ATRITO PARA MOLDES DE INJECÇÃO Aplicação de revestimentos PVD em moldes de injecção de plásticos: superfícies moldantes, canais de alimentação, extractores e outros elementos móveis. As principais vantagens da utilização do revestimento PVD adequado reflecte-se em diversos aspectos da produção e da qualidade do produto injectado : -melhoria da resistência ao desgaste; -evita a corrosão provocada pelos gases e outros compostos dos polímeros ou ligas; -facilita o processo de desmoldação; -reduz drásticamente ou elimina os fenómenos de gripagem; -aumenta o tempo de vida do molde e reduz os custos de manutenção 6

7 NANOPACKSAFER: NANO-engineered PACKaging systems for improving quality, SAFEty and health characteristics of foods Portugal-Spain International Nanotechnology Laboratory Nanotechnology Projects Call Subject: Nanotechnology 2. Security and Food Quality Control Objectives This proposal aims at developing nanotechnology-based food protection strategies by providing active packaging systems (through nanoengineered edible coatings, non-edible films and/or nanoparticles) which will proactively act to maintain or even to increase food quality, safety and health impact of foods from production to consumption. NanoMeDiag-Nanobioanalytical platforms for improved medical diagnosis of infections caused by pathogen microorganisms Portugal-Spain International Nanotechnology Laboratory Nanotechnology Projects Call Subject: Nanotechnology 2. Security and Food Quality Control Objectives The aim of the project is to develop a low-cost high performance nanobased multianalyte device for detection of pathogenic microorganisms in different types of samples. The active part of the biosensing platform will consist on a convenient biofunctionalized nanostructured surface where specific biomolecular recognition reactions will be detected by means of optical/electrical transducing principles. 7