NOTA DE AULA DE INGLÊS

Transcrição

1 COLÉGIO ALMIRANTE TAMANDARÉ Credenc. e autorização de funcionamento do Ens. Fundamental Deliberação CEE/MS Nº , de 05 de dezembro de Educ. Infantil Aut. Del. CEE/MS Nº 1.872, de 04 de fevereiro de NOTA DE AULA DE INGLÊS Profa.: Lívia Maria Data: / /2019 Aluno(a): Turma:901 NUMBERS Em geral, os números em inglês não são complicados, mas você deve ter em mente que é indispensável saber como eles são escritos e falados de forma correta. Uma das dúvidas de pronúncia acontece a partir do número 13 (thirteen) até 19 (nineteen), já que o som da terminologia é parecida e pode ser confundida com 30 (thirty). 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 - six 7 seven 8 eight 10 tem 11 eleven 12 twelve A partir do número 13 até o 19, os números tem a terminação teen, por isso os adolescentes são popularmente chamados de teenagers. 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen Em números decimais como 20, 30, 40 e assim por diante, a terminação é ty. 20 twenty 21 twenty-one 22 - twenty-two 23 - twenty-three 24 - twenty-four 25 - twenty-five 26 - twenty-six 27 - twenty-seven 28 - twenty-eight 29 - twenty-nine 30 - thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 a hundred/one hundred Perceba que o número 100 pode ser falado de duas formas, todas são bastante utilizadas na linguagem cotidiana. A partir dele, falamos apenas os números sem mudanças de formato. 101 one hundred one Da mesma forma, os milhares a thousand/one thousand 1001 one thousand one 1010 one thousand ten Usualmente, datas lemos de duas formas: 2008 two thousand eight 1995 one hundred ninety five/nineteen ninety five DAYS OF THE WEEK Weekdays: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sundays. Weekend: Saturday and Sunday. MONTHS OF THE YEAR January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.

2 Escrevemos datas na seguinte estrutura: Weekday, Month, Day of the Month, Year. Monday, February 23th, Os dias do mês são expressos como números ordinais: First (1st), Second (2nd), Third (3rd) e a partir do Fourth (4th), todos levam o th no fim: 16 (sixteenth 16th). A mesma estrutura sequencial de números, se aplica aos ordinais também: First 1st Second 2nd Third 3rd Fourth 4th Fifth 5th Sixth 6th Seventh 7th Eight 8th Nineth 9th Tenth 10th Eleventh 11th Twelfth 12th (twelve twelfth) Thirteenth 13th As dezenas a partir do 20th sofrem alteração na escrita. Twentieth 20th Twenty-first 21st Twenty-second 22nd Twenty- third 23rd Twenty-forth 24th Thirtieth 30th Fortieth 40th Fiftieth 50th Sixtieth 60th Seventieth 70th Eightieth 80th Ninetieth 90th Centenas e milhares não sofrem mudanças na escrita, é acrescentado o th : One hundredth 100th One thousand 1000th CHARTS SUBJECT PRONOUNS I YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES MY YOUR HIS HER ITS OUR THEIR SIMPLE PRESENT TO BE I AM / I M I AM NOT / I AIN T AM I?

3 YOU ARE / YOU RE YOU ARE NOT / YOU AREN T ARE YOU? HE IS / HE S HE IS NOT / HE ISN T IS HE? SHE IS / SHE S SHE IS NOT / SHE ISN T IS SHE? IT IS / IT S IT IS NOT / IT ISN T IS IT? WE ARE / WE RE WE ARE NOT / WE AREN T ARE WE? THEY ARE / THEY RE THEY ARE NOT / THEY AREN T ARE THEY? Veja que o Simple Present separa o verbo to be em tres pessoas: I (am), YOU, WE and THEY (are - plural) e HE, SHE and IT (is - singular). Já o Simple Past separa em apenas duas: I, HE, SHE IT (was - singular) e YOU, WE THEY (were - plural). SIMPLE PAST TO BE I WAS I WAS NOT / I WASN T WAS I? YOU WERE YOU WERE NOT / YOU WEREN T WERE YOU? HE WAS HE WAS NOT / HE WASN T WAS HE? SHE WAS SHE WAS NOT / SHE WASN T WAS SHE? IT WAS IT WAS NOT / IT WASN T WAS IT? WE WERE WE WERE NOT / WE WEREN T WERE WE? THEY WERE THEY WERE NOT / THEY WEREN T WERE THEY? PRESENT AND PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (subject pronoun + verb to be + verb ing) Verb: SLEEP PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE I M SLEEPING I AIN T SLEEPING AM I SLEEPING? YOU RE SLEEPING YOU AREN T SLEEPING ARE YOU SLEEPING? HE S SLEEPING HE ISN T SLEEPING IS HE SLEEPING? SHE S SLEEPING SHE ISN T SLEEPING IS SHE SLEEPING? IT S SLEEPING IT ISN T SLEEPING IS IT SLEEPING? WE RE SLEEPING WE AREN T SLEEPING ARE WE SLEEPING? THEY RE SLEEPING THEY AREN T SLEEPING ARE THEY SLEEPING?

4 O verbos terminados em ING são os que referem-se a ação continuada (gerúndio estar continuar a fazer ou sofrer algo). Mesmo os verbos que terminam com Y, como por exemplo; STUDY, não sofrem alteração na escrita, apenas acrescenta-se o ING (studying). WH QUESTIONS WHERE (onde) Where is she? I don t know where she is. WHEN (quando) When is your birthday? I don t know when is birthday is. WHAT (o que/ qual) What are you doing? I don t know what you are doing. WHO (quem) Who is Steve? I don t know who Steve is. WHY (porque) Why are you sad? I don t know why (the reason because) you are sad. Veja que em forma de pergunta os WH vem no começo da frase, e geralmente já seguidos do verb to be, porém em alguns casos essa estrutura pode mudar. E quando em afirmações ou negações eles vem no meio da sentença. *Quando perguntamos com WHY, respondemos com BECAUSE: Why are you sad? Because I watched a sad movie. CAN / CAN T Verbo que representa o que eu posso ou não posso. Vem em forma de possibilidade, habilidade, requisição ou permissão. Usados na linguagem mais informal para requisição ou permissão. POSSIBILITY: My mom can try to help us finish this essay. ABILITY: She can play the piano very well. PERMISSION: Can I join you for lunch? REQUEST: Can you lend me a pen for the text? DO AUXILIAR VERB SIMPLE PRESENT I DO / I DON T / DO I? YOU DO/ YOU DON T / DO YOU? HE DOES/ HE DOESN T / DOES HE? SHE DOES/ SHE DOESN T / DOES SHE? IT DOES/ IT DOESN T/ DOES IT? WE DO/ WE DON T / DO WE? THEY DO/ THEY DON T/ DO THEY? SIMPLE PAST I DID/ I DIDN T YOU DID/ DIDN T HE DID/ DIDN T SHE DID/ DIDN T IT DID/ DIDN T WE DID/ DIDN T THEY DID/ DIDN T O DO vem como auxiliar do verbo te ação para negar ou afirmar pelo verbo principal de ação assim ele não sofre alteração. Exemplo: Did she swim yesterday? O verbo de ação SWIM não sofre alteração para o passado. Exemplos: I don t know. Did you see her last move? Does she know how to climb? Quando o DO aparece na pergunta ele também aparece na resposta:

5 Do wake up this early eveyday? No, I don t. Only on weekdays. SIMPLE PRESENT VERBS Nos verbos conjugados em pessoa do singular (HE, SHE, IT): Acrescenta-se o ES no verbos terminados em SS, SH, CH, X, Z e O. Smash SmashES Nos verbos terminados em Y, troca-se o Y pelo IES. Study StudIES Nos demais verbos acrescenta-se apenas o S. Para os verbos conjugados em pessoa do plural (WE, THEY and YOU vocês) ou primeira pessoa I, ou YOU você, o verbo não sofre alteração: I study. Em sentenças negativas e interrogativas usamos o auxiliar DO: Did you finish your homeworks last Sunday? She doesn t eat meat. SIMPLE PAST VERBS Nos verbos regulares acrescenta-se ED (cooked), os verbos que já terminam com E acrescenta-se apenas o D (completed). I cooked a cake for my mom s birthday. Para as frases negativas e interrogativas usamos o auxiliar DID: I didn t come to school yesterday. Did you eat all of your candies? Verbos irregulares sofrem alteração no radical, ver lista* NUMBERS Em geral, os números em inglês não são complicados, mas você deve ter em mente que é indispensável saber como eles são escritos e falados de forma correta. Uma das dúvidas de pronúncia acontece a partir do número 13 (thirteen) até 19 (nineteen), já que o som da terminologia é parecida e pode ser confundida com 30 (thirty). 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 - six 7 seven 8 eight 10 tem 11 eleven 12 twelve A partir do número 13 até o 19, os números tem a terminação teen, por isso os adolescentes são popularmente chamados de teenagers. 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen Em números decimais como 20, 30, 40 e assim por diante, a terminação é ty. 20 twenty 21 twenty-one 22 - twenty-two 23 - twenty-three 24 - twenty-four 25 - twenty-five 26 - twenty-six 27 - twenty-seven 28 - twenty-eight 29 - twenty-nine 30 - thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 a hundred/one hundred Perceba que o número 100 pode ser falado de duas formas, todas são bastante utilizadas na linguagem cotidiana. A partir dele, falamos apenas os números sem mudanças de formato.

6 101 one hundred one Da mesma forma, os milhares a thousand/one thousand 1001 one thousand one 1010 one thousand ten Usualmente, datas lemos de duas formas: 2008 two thousand eight 1995 one hundred ninety five/nineteen ninety five DAYS OF THE WEEK Weekdays: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sundays. Weekend: Saturday and Sunday. MONTHS OF THE YEAR January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. Escrevemos datas na seguinte estrutura: Weekday, Month, Day of the Month, Year. Monday, February 23th, Os dias do mês são expressos como números ordinais: First (1st), Second (2nd), Third (3rd) e a partir do Fourth (4th), todos levam o th no fim: 16 (sixteenth 16th). A mesma estrutura sequencial de números, se aplica aos ordinais também: First 1st Second 2nd Third 3rd Fourth 4th Fifth 5th Sixth 6th Seventh 7th Eight 8th Nineth 9th Tenth 10th Eleventh 11th Twelfth 12th (twelve twelfth) Thirteenth 13th As dezenas a partir do 20th sofrem alteração na escrita. Twentieth 20th Twenty-first 21st Twenty-second 22nd Twenty- third 23rd Twenty-forth 24th Thirtieth 30th Fortieth 40th Fiftieth 50th Sixtieth 60th Seventieth 70th Eightieth 80th Ninetieth 90th Centenas e milhares não sofrem mudanças na escrita, é acrescentado o th : One hundredth 100th One thousand 1000th CHARTS SUBJECT PRONOUNS I YOU POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES MY YOUR

7 HE SHE IT WE THEY HIS HER ITS OUR THEIR SIMPLE PRESENT TO BE I AM / I M I AM NOT / I AIN T AM I? YOU ARE / YOU RE YOU ARE NOT / YOU AREN T ARE YOU? HE IS / HE S HE IS NOT / HE ISN T IS HE? SHE IS / SHE S SHE IS NOT / SHE ISN T IS SHE? IT IS / IT S IT IS NOT / IT ISN T IS IT? WE ARE / WE RE WE ARE NOT / WE AREN T ARE WE? THEY ARE / THEY RE THEY ARE NOT / THEY AREN T ARE THEY? Veja que o Simple Present separa o verbo to be em tres pessoas: I (am), YOU, WE and THEY (are - plural) e HE, SHE and IT (is - singular). Já o Simple Past separa em apenas duas: I, HE, SHE IT (was - singular) e YOU, WE THEY (were - plural). SIMPLE PAST TO BE I WAS I WAS NOT / I WASN T WAS I? YOU WERE YOU WERE NOT / YOU WEREN T WERE YOU? HE WAS HE WAS NOT / HE WASN T WAS HE? SHE WAS SHE WAS NOT / SHE WASN T WAS SHE? IT WAS IT WAS NOT / IT WASN T WAS IT? WE WERE WE WERE NOT / WE WEREN T WERE WE? THEY WERE THEY WERE NOT / THEY WEREN T WERE THEY? PRESENT AND PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (subject pronoun + verb to be + verb ing) Verb: SLEEP

8 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE I M SLEEPING I AIN T SLEEPING AM I SLEEPING? YOU RE SLEEPING YOU AREN T SLEEPING ARE YOU SLEEPING? HE S SLEEPING HE ISN T SLEEPING IS HE SLEEPING? SHE S SLEEPING SHE ISN T SLEEPING IS SHE SLEEPING? IT S SLEEPING IT ISN T SLEEPING IS IT SLEEPING? WE RE SLEEPING WE AREN T SLEEPING ARE WE SLEEPING? THEY RE SLEEPING THEY AREN T SLEEPING ARE THEY SLEEPING? O verbos terminados em ING são os que referem-se a ação continuada (gerúndio estar continuar a fazer ou sofrer algo). Mesmo os verbos que terminam com Y, como por exemplo; STUDY, não sofrem alteração na escrita, apenas acrescenta-se o ING (studying). PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE I WAS SLEEPING I WASN T SLEEPING WAS I SLEEPING? YOU WERE SLEEPING YOU WEREN T SLEEPING WERE YOU SLEEPING? HE WAS SLEEPING HE WASN T SLEEPING WAS HE SLEEPING? SHE WAS SLEEPING SHE WASN T SLEEPING WAS SHE SLEEPING? IT WAS SLEEPING IT WASN T SLEEPING WAS IT SLEEPING? WE WERE SLEEPING WE WEREN T SLEEPING WERE WE SLEEPING? THEY WERE SLEEPING THEY WEREN T SLEEPING WERE THEY SLEEPING? WH QUESTIONS WHERE (onde) Where is she? I don t know where she is. WHEN (quando) When is your birthday? I don t know when is birthday is. WHAT (o que/ qual) What are you doing? I don t know what you are doing. WHO (quem) Who is Steve? I don t know who Steve is. WHY (porque) Why are you sad? I don t know why (the reason because) you are sad.

9 Veja que em forma de pergunta os WH vem no começo da frase, e geralmente já seguidos do verb to be, porém em alguns casos essa estrutura pode mudar. E quando em afirmações ou negações eles vem no meio da sentença. *Quando perguntamos com WHY, respondemos com BECAUSE: Why are you sad? Because I watched a sad movie. CAN / CAN T Verbo que representa o que eu posso ou não posso. Vem em forma de possibilidade, habilidade, requisição ou permissão. Usados na linguagem mais informal para requisição ou permissão. POSSIBILITY: My mom can try to help us finish this essay. ABILITY: She can play the piano very well. PERMISSION: Can I join you for lunch? REQUEST: Can you lend me a pen for the text? DO AUXILIAR VERB SIMPLE PRESENT I DO / I DON T / DO I? YOU DO/ YOU DON T / DO YOU? HE DOES/ HE DOESN T / DOES HE? SHE DOES/ SHE DOESN T / DOES SHE? IT DOES/ IT DOESN T/ DOES IT? WE DO/ WE DON T / DO WE? THEY DO/ THEY DON T/ DO THEY? SIMPLE PAST I DID/ I DIDN T YOU DID/ DIDN T HE DID/ DIDN T SHE DID/ DIDN T IT DID/ DIDN T WE DID/ DIDN T THEY DID/ DIDN T O DO vem como auxiliar do verbo te ação para negar ou afirmar pelo verbo principal de ação assim ele não sofre alteração. Exemplo: Did she swim yesterday? O verbo de ação SWIM não sofre alteração para o passado. Exemplos: I don t know. Did you see her last move? Does she know how to climb? Quando o DO aparece na pergunta ele também aparece na resposta: Do wake up this early eveyday? No, I don t. Only on weekdays. SIMPLE PRESENT VERBS Nos verbos conjugados em pessoa do singular (HE, SHE, IT): Acrescenta-se o ES no verbos terminados em SS, SH, CH, X, Z e O. Smash SmashES Nos verbos terminados em Y, troca-se o Y pelo IES. Study StudIES Nos demais verbos acrescenta-se apenas o S. Para os verbos conjugados em pessoa do plural (WE, THEY and YOU vocês) ou primeira pessoa I, ou YOU você, o verbo não sofre alteração: I study. Em sentenças negativas e interrogativas usamos o auxiliar DO: Did you finish your homeworks last Sunday? She doesn t eat meat. SIMPLE PAST VERBS Nos verbos regulares acrescenta-se ED (cooked), os verbos que já terminam com E acrescenta-se apenas o D (completed). I cooked a cake for my mom s birthday. Para as frases negativas e interrogativas usamos o auxiliar DID:

10 I didn t come to school yesterday. Did you eat all of your candies? Verbos irregulares sofrem alteração no radical, ver lista* NUMBERS Em geral, os números em inglês não são complicados, mas você deve ter em mente que é indispensável saber como eles são escritos e falados de forma correta. Uma das dúvidas de pronúncia acontece a partir do número 13 (thirteen) até 19 (nineteen), já que o som da terminologia é parecida e pode ser confundida com 30 (thirty). 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 - six 7 seven 8 eight 10 tem 11 eleven 12 twelve A partir do número 13 até o 19, os números tem a terminação teen, por isso os adolescentes são popularmente chamados de teenagers. 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen Em números decimais como 20, 30, 40 e assim por diante, a terminação é ty. 20 twenty 21 twenty-one 22 - twenty-two 23 - twenty-three 24 - twenty-four 25 - twenty-five 26 - twenty-six 27 - twenty-seven 28 - twenty-eight 29 - twenty-nine 30 - thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 a hundred/one hundred Perceba que o número 100 pode ser falado de duas formas, todas são bastante utilizadas na linguagem cotidiana. A partir dele, falamos apenas os números sem mudanças de formato. 101 one hundred one Da mesma forma, os milhares a thousand/one thousand 1001 one thousand one 1010 one thousand ten Usualmente, datas lemos de duas formas: 2008 two thousand eight 1995 one hundred ninety five/nineteen ninety five DAYS OF THE WEEK Weekdays: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sundays. Weekend: Saturday and Sunday. MONTHS OF THE YEAR January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. Escrevemos datas na seguinte estrutura:

11 Weekday, Month, Day of the Month, Year. Monday, February 23th, Os dias do mês são expressos como números ordinais: First (1st), Second (2nd), Third (3rd) e a partir do Fourth (4th), todos levam o th no fim: 16 (sixteenth 16th). A mesma estrutura sequencial de números, se aplica aos ordinais também: First 1st Second 2nd Third 3rd Fourth 4th Fifth 5th Sixth 6th Seventh 7th Eight 8th Nineth 9th Tenth 10th Eleventh 11th Twelfth 12th (twelve twelfth) Thirteenth 13th As dezenas a partir do 20th sofrem alteração na escrita. Twentieth 20th Twenty-first 21st Twenty-second 22nd Twenty- third 23rd Twenty-forth 24th Thirtieth 30th Fortieth 40th Fiftieth 50th Sixtieth 60th Seventieth 70th Eightieth 80th Ninetieth 90th Centenas e milhares não sofrem mudanças na escrita, é acrescentado o th : One hundredth 100th One thousand 1000th CHARTS SUBJECT PRONOUNS I YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES MY YOUR HIS HER ITS OUR THEIR SIMPLE PRESENT TO BE I AM / I M I AM NOT / I AIN T AM I? YOU ARE / YOU RE YOU ARE NOT / YOU AREN T ARE YOU? HE IS / HE S HE IS NOT / HE ISN T IS HE? SHE IS / SHE S SHE IS NOT / SHE ISN T IS SHE? IT IS / IT S IT IS NOT / IT ISN T IS IT?

12 WE ARE / WE RE WE ARE NOT / WE AREN T ARE WE? THEY ARE / THEY RE THEY ARE NOT / THEY AREN T ARE THEY? Veja que o Simple Present separa o verbo to be em tres pessoas: I (am), YOU, WE and THEY (are - plural) e HE, SHE and IT (is - singular). Já o Simple Past separa em apenas duas: I, HE, SHE IT (was - singular) e YOU, WE THEY (were - plural). SIMPLE PAST TO BE I WAS I WAS NOT / I WASN T WAS I? YOU WERE YOU WERE NOT / YOU WEREN T WERE YOU? HE WAS HE WAS NOT / HE WASN T WAS HE? SHE WAS SHE WAS NOT / SHE WASN T WAS SHE? IT WAS IT WAS NOT / IT WASN T WAS IT? WE WERE WE WERE NOT / WE WEREN T WERE WE? THEY WERE THEY WERE NOT / THEY WEREN T WERE THEY? SIMPLE FUTURE (ações possíveis que acontecem logo após o enunciado) I WILL / I LL I WILL NOT/ I WON T WILL I? YOU WILL / YOU LL YOU WILL NOT/ YOU WON T WILL YOU? HE WILL / HE LL HE WILL NOT/ HE WON T WILL HE? SHE WILL / SHE LL SHE WILL NOT/ SHE WON T WILL SHE? IT WILL / IT LL IT WILL NOT/ IT WON T WILL IT? WE WILL / WE LL WE WILL NOT/ WE WON T WILL WE? THEY WILL / THEY LL THEY WILL NOT/ THEY WON T WILL THEY? IMMEDIATE FUTURE (ações planejadas, que acontecerão com certeza, num futuro próximo) I M GOING TO I AIN T GOING TO AM I GOING TO? YOU ARE GOING TO YOU AREN T GOING TO ARE YOU GOING TO? HE IS GOING TO HE ISN T GOING TO IS HE GOING TO? SHE IS GOING TO SHE ISN T GOING TO IS SHE GOING TO? IT IS GOING TO IT WILL NOT/ IT WON T IS IT GOING TO? WE ARE GOING TO WE AREN T GOING TO ARE WE GOING TO? THEY ARE GOING TO THEY AREN T GOING TO ARE THEY GOING TO? PRESENT AND PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (subject pronoun + verb to be + verb ing) Verb: SLEEP PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

13 I M SLEEPING I AIN T SLEEPING AM I SLEEPING? YOU RE SLEEPING YOU AREN T SLEEPING ARE YOU SLEEPING? HE S SLEEPING HE ISN T SLEEPING IS HE SLEEPING? SHE S SLEEPING SHE ISN T SLEEPING IS SHE SLEEPING? IT S SLEEPING IT ISN T SLEEPING IS IT SLEEPING? WE RE SLEEPING WE AREN T SLEEPING ARE WE SLEEPING? THEY RE SLEEPING THEY AREN T SLEEPING ARE THEY SLEEPING? O verbos terminados em ING são os que referem-se a ação continuada (gerúndio estar continuar a fazer ou sofrer algo). Mesmo os verbos que terminam com Y, como por exemplo; STUDY, não sofrem alteração na escrita, apenas acrescenta-se o ING (studying). PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE I WAS SLEEPING I WASN T SLEEPING WAS I SLEEPING? YOU WERE SLEEPING YOU WEREN T SLEEPING WERE YOU SLEEPING? HE WAS SLEEPING HE WASN T SLEEPING WAS HE SLEEPING? SHE WAS SLEEPING SHE WASN T SLEEPING WAS SHE SLEEPING? IT WAS SLEEPING IT WASN T SLEEPING WAS IT SLEEPING? WE WERE SLEEPING WE WEREN T SLEEPING WERE WE SLEEPING? THEY WERE SLEEPING THEY WEREN T SLEEPING WERE THEY SLEEPING? WH QUESTIONS WHERE (onde) Where is she? I don t know where she is. WHEN (quando) When is your birthday? I don t know when is birthday is. WHAT (o que/ qual) What are you doing? I don t know what you are doing. WHO (quem) Who is Steve? I don t know who Steve is. WHY (porque) Why are you sad? I don t know why (the reason because) you are sad. Veja que em forma de pergunta os WH vem no começo da frase, e geralmente já seguidos do verb to be, porém em alguns casos essa estrutura pode mudar. E quando em afirmações ou negações eles vem no meio da sentença. *Quando perguntamos com WHY, respondemos com BECAUSE: Why are you sad? Because I watched a sad movie.

14 CAN / CAN T Verbo que representa o que eu posso ou não posso. Vem em forma de possibilidade, habilidade, requisição ou permissão. Usados na linguagem mais informal para requisição ou permissão. POSSIBILITY: My mom can try to help us finish this essay. ABILITY: She can play the piano very well. PERMISSION: Can I join you for lunch? REQUEST: Can you lend me a pen for the text? MAY/COULD/WOULD pp. 33 e 158 do livro. *Referente a habilidades: usamos CAN no presente e COULD no passado* DO AUXILIAR VERB SIMPLE PRESENT I DO / I DON T / DO I? YOU DO/ YOU DON T / DO YOU? HE DOES/ HE DOESN T / DOES HE? SHE DOES/ SHE DOESN T / DOES SHE? IT DOES/ IT DOESN T/ DOES IT? WE DO/ WE DON T / DO WE? THEY DO/ THEY DON T/ DO THEY? SIMPLE PAST I DID/ I DIDN T YOU DID/ DIDN T HE DID/ DIDN T SHE DID/ DIDN T IT DID/ DIDN T WE DID/ DIDN T THEY DID/ DIDN T O DO vem como auxiliar do verbo te ação para negar ou afirmar pelo verbo principal de ação assim ele não sofre alteração. Exemplo: Did she swim yesterday? O verbo de ação SWIM não sofre alteração para o passado. Exemplos: I don t know. Did you see her last move? Does she know how to climb? Quando o DO aparece na pergunta ele também aparece na resposta: Do wake up this early eveyday? No, I don t. Only on weekdays. SIMPLE PRESENT VERBS Nos verbos conjugados em pessoa do singular (HE, SHE, IT): Acrescenta-se o ES no verbos terminados em SS, SH, CH, X, Z e O. Smash SmashES Nos verbos terminados em Y, troca-se o Y pelo IES. Study StudIES Nos demais verbos acrescenta-se apenas o S. Para os verbos conjugados em pessoa do plural (WE, THEY and YOU vocês) ou primeira pessoa I, ou YOU você, o verbo não sofre alteração: I study. Em sentenças negativas e interrogativas usamos o auxiliar DO: Did you finish your homeworks last Sunday? She doesn t eat meat. SIMPLE PAST VERBS Nos verbos regulares acrescenta-se ED (cooked), os verbos que já terminam com E acrescenta-se apenas o D (completed). I cooked a cake for my mom s birthday. Para as frases negativas e interrogativas usamos o auxiliar DID: I didn t come to school yesterday. Did you eat all of your candies? Verbos irregulares sofrem alteração no radical, ver lista*

15 SOME, ANY and NO e variações Geralmente usamos SOME para frases afirmativas ou quando oferecemos algo sem quantidade exata: There are some things I need you to do. Can I have some water, please? Some (um pouco), Somewhere (algum lugar), Someone (alguém), Somebody (alguém). ANY, para frases negativas e interrogativas Is there anything I can do to help? Any (nenhum), Anyone (ninguém), Anything (nada). NO usamos para frases negativas: You need no help, you can do this! No (nenhum), No one (ninguém), Nobody (ninguém). Lembrando que em inglês não negamos duas vezes! TAG QUESTIONS Perguntas para confirmação. Se a frase é afirmativa, a Tag Question é negativa e vice-versa. I look happy, don t I? You are eating, aren t you? You could do this if you wanted to, couldn t you?