A ENERGIA NUCLEAR SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO PLANEJAMENTO ENERGÉTICO: UMA AVALIAÇÃO ACERCA DO ÂMBITO ESTRATÉGICO E ECONÔMICO.

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Alexandre Henriques de Sousa
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1 Label of author s Company A ENERGIA NUCLEAR SOB A PERSPECTIVA DO PLANEJAMENTO ENERGÉTICO: UMA AVALIAÇÃO ACERCA DO ÂMBITO ESTRATÉGICO E ECONÔMICO. Reinaldo Fugitaro Otobe Junior Anderson Passos de Aragão Patrícia Teixeira Leite Asano João Manoel Losada Moreira 1 / 24

Objectives - Analyze the present forms of planning and discuss alternatives to optimize the electric power generation complemented by thermoelectric, especially nuclear thermoelectrics.

2 Objectives - Analyze the present forms of planning and discuss alternatives to optimize the electric power generation complemented by thermoelectric, especially nuclear thermoelectrics. - Discuss in the strategic importance that the inclusion of Angra 3 in the National Interconnected System (NIS/SIN) will present to Brazil. - Analyze the economic aspects of Angra 3 when compared to the other existing thermoelectric sources. 2 / 24

3 Introduction - Great importance of thermoelectricity in order to guarantee the optimal operation of the reservoirs in a given planning period. - The thermoelectric plays a fundamental role in meeting the demand for electricity in a hydrothermal system. 3 / 24

4 Introduction Nuclear thermoelectrics Complementary and constant source throughout the planning period. Generation of Angra 1 and 2 power plants in / 24

5 Brazilian Hydrothermal Planning and Thermoelectric Dispatch - Generation strategy for each power plant, which minimizes the expected value of operating costs in the planning period. - Meet the electric power supply within a limit of safety and reliability. - The power plant's planning process is to replace, as far as possible, a high-cost thermoelectric generation, per generation of hydroelectric origin, in a rational manner. 6 / 24

6 Brazilian Hydrothermal Planning and Thermoelectric Dispatch - Electric energy becomes expensive to society due to the necessity of using conventional thermoelectric power plants. - Operator of the National Electricity System (ONS) prioritizes the generation of energy in view of the criterion of lower fuel cost. Example of operating cost function of a non-hydraulic system 7 / 24

General Aspects of Nuclear Energy in Brazil - Cost of fuels: thermonuclear sources are less susceptible to price changes in commodities, especially those with sources of oil and derivatives.

7 General Aspects of Nuclear Energy in Brazil - Cost of fuels: thermonuclear sources are less susceptible to price changes in commodities, especially those with sources of oil and derivatives. - Nuclear power plants have a low fuel cost compared to other non-renewable sources, according to informations published on Newave's price deck. - Strategic scope of Nuclear Energy in Brazil, considered as a source of energy, not only because of the availability of fuel, but also because it is technology in our nation's domain. - Existence of extensive uranium reserves and fuel fabrication capacity ensure low costs and price stability 8 / 24

8 Strategic and economic aspects of Angra 3 - Angra 3: MWe - The insertion of Angra 3 in the National Interconnected System (SIN) can represent a reduction of costs related to the thermoelectric dispatch, especially if it is considered a drought period, where there is less natural affluence in the Hydroelectric Power Plants. - When inserting Angra 3, the economic benefit for the SIN will translate into the exchange of thermoelectric plants with higher costs, for a constant and reliable generation, as is the case of the Angra 1 and 2 plants. - Revision of tariffs: raise R$ 240,00/MWh to R$ 400,00/MWh in order to cover expenses and the need to complete the work, since Angra 3 needs another 17 billion real, totaling R$ 24 billion in investment. 9 / 24

9 Strategic and economic aspects of Angra 3 - Marginal Cost of Operation ( MCO/CMO) is the cost of servicing an additional unit of load, having a value closer to the last thermoelectric power plant dispatched, it can be assumed that with more MW in the SIN at a lower cost, we will tend to reduce of the MCO/CMO value. - MCO/CMO of the Southeast / Center-West subsystem in the week between 10/21/2017 and 10/27/2017 had an average MCO/CMO of R$ 860,45/MWh. - The insertion of Angra 3 in the SIN would replace the use of more expensive sources, reallocating the power generation to Angra / 24

10 Strategic and economic aspects of Angra 3 Available Power and Cost of Thermoelectric Power Plants currently in operation 11 / 24

11 Case Study: Insertion of Angra 3 in the National Interconnected System (SIN) - Planning horizon of two years, with monthly discretization of their intervals. - The month of May was adopted as reference of the conditions of the accumulation reservoirs in each year of the optimization. - The electricity market was considered constant and equal to the installed capacity of the hydroelectric system. - 80% of MLT (Average of Long Term). - Operational policy that seeks to leave the reservoirs with initial and final volumes at the end of the planning period at 100% of the useful volume. 13 / 24

12 Case Study: Insertion of Angra 3 in the National Interconnected System (SIN) - 4 Hydroelectric Plants involved: Emborcação Hydroelectric Plant (1.192 MW) Itumbiara Hydroelectric Power Plant (2.082 MW) São Simão Hydroelectric Plant (1.710 MW) Ilha Solteira Hydroelectric Power Plant (3.444 MW) - Total Power = Demand = MW 14 / 24

13 Hydraulic Generation and Thermic Generation 16 / 24

14 Results - Maximum thermal complementation = MW Scenario 1: to meet the maximum thermal complementation, existing thermoelectric power plants were dispatched; Scenario 2: to meet the maximum thermal complementation, existing thermoelectric power plants were dispatched but adding Angra 3 power plant. - Choice of power plants was based on Newave's price-deck analysis 17 / 24

15 Results Pd = Fd.POT Fd = (1-TIF).(1-IP).FCMAX Where, Pd = available power; POT = power; FCMAX = maximum capacity factor; TEIF = equivalent rate of unavailability in the year; IP = scheduled outage rate in the year; Fd = average availability factor Characteristics were obtained from the Newave's deck. 18 / 24

16 Results Table I Characteristics of the thermoelectric plants dispatched in Scenarios 1 and 2 19 / 24

17 Results Table II Cost per month in the dispatch of each Thermoelectric plant in Scenarios 1 and 2 Table III Total cost per month in each scenario and available power delivered 20 / 24

18 Results - It is evident that the insertion of Angra 3 would be advantageous in view of the competitive price of this source when compared to other existing thermoelectric power plants. - Total cost of scenario 2 represents approximately 69% of the total cost of the scenario 1. - Angra 3 is expected to have an equivalent rate of forced unavailability in the year (TEIF) and low unavailability rate programmed in the year (IF). - The scenario in which Angra 3 was included in the thermoelectric dispatch presented an expressive reduction of cost with the demand service reliably and with small unavailability. 21 / 24

19 Conclusions - Nuclear Thermoelectricity has a great importance to the Brazilian energy matrix, adding strategic and economic values. - Expressive reduction of the total cost of thermal complementation to meet demand when Angra 3 is included in the SIN. - Guarantee of reliable and economical operation, due to the disparity of cost values (expressed in R$/MWh) required to meet demand compared to thermoelectric power plants from other sources. - A strategy that allows for the ability to regulate the reservoirs of hydroelectric power plants over a planning period. 22 / 24

20 Conclusions - Great importance of nuclear energy in the Brazilian electrical matrix, since this source represents to Brazil a guarantee of load supply to one of the lowest fuel costs possible, considering the existing thermoelectric power plants. - Reliable and economical operation with a program to encourage the generation of electric energy through thermonuclear sources. 23 / 24

21 Acknowledgment CNPq (Universal Project number: Nº /2016-8) CAPES UFABC OPTIMIZER APPLIED TO SCHEDULING OF HYDROTHERMAL POWER SYSTEMS IN TOOL BIO-INSPIRED ENERG.IA Aragão, Asano, Rabêlo, Coimbra 18 / 19

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