Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA. English. Principle of the Procedure. Summary and Explanation of the Test. Warnings and Precautions

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1 TSH IRMA

2 Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA English Intended Use: Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA is an immunoradiometric assay designed for the quantitative measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH) in serum. It is intended strictly for in vitro diagnostic use as an aid in the assessment of thyroid status. Catalog Numbers: IKTS1 (100 tubes), IKTS5 (500 tubes), IKTSX (1000 tubes) The 100-tube kit contains less than 20 microcuries (740 kilobecquerels) of radioactive 125 I-polyclonal anti-tsh; the 500-tube kit contains less than 100 microcuries (3,700 kilobecquerels); and the 1,000-tube kit contains less than 200 microcuries (7,400 kilobecquerels). Summary and Explanation of the Test Thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH) is a pituitary hormone which, through its action on the thyroid gland, plays a major role in maintaining normal circulating levels of the iodothyronines, T4 and T3. TSH is controlled by negative feedback from circulating T4 and T3, and by the hypothalamic hormone TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone). In primary hypothyroidism, where there is impaired production of thyroid hormones, the TSH level is typically highly elevated. In secondary or tertiary hypothyroidism, on the other hand, where thyroid hormone production is low as a consequence of pituitary or hypothalamic lesions, the TSH level is usually low. In hyperthyroidism, the TSH level is typically suppressed to subnormal levels. Less often, this condition may result from hyperstimulation of the thyroid, due to hypothalamic or pituitary lesions, in which case the TSH level is usually increased. Measurement of circulating TSH has been used as a primary test for differential diagnosis of hypothyroidism 19 and as an aid in monitoring the adequacy of thyroid hormone replacement therapy. 18 Research studies have found that the apparently healthy patients with TSH >2.0 µiu/ml have increased risk to develop thyroid diseases in the next 20 years. It has been suggested that it is likely that the upper limit of the serum TSH euthyroid reference range will be reduced to 2.5 µiu/ml because >95% of rigorously screened normal euthyroid volunteers have serum TSH values between 0.4 and 2.5 µiu/ml. 22 Principle of the Procedure Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA is a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay based on monoclonal and polyclonal anti-tsh antibodies: one 125 I-labeled anti-tsh polyclonal antibody in liquid phase, and monoclonal anti-tsh antibodies immobilized to the wall of a polystyrene tube. In the procedure: TSH is captured between monoclonal anti-tsh antibodies immobilized on the inside surface of the polystyrene tube and the radiolabeled polyclonal anti-tsh tracer. Unbound 125 I-labeled anti-tsh antibody is removed by decanting the reaction mixture and washing the tube; this reduces nonspecific binding to a very low level, and ensures excellent low-end precision. The TSH concentration is directly proportional to the radioactivity present in the tube after the wash step. The radioactivity is counted using a gamma counter, after which the concentration of TSH in the patient sample is obtained by comparing the patient counts-per-minute with those obtained for the set of calibrators provided. Reagents to Pipet: 1 Total Incubation Time: 2 Hours Total Counts at Iodination: approximately 200,000 cpm Warnings and Precautions For in vitro diagnostic use. Reagents: Store at 2 8 C in a refrigerator designated for incoming radioactive materials. Dispose of in accordance with applicable laws. 2 Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, )

3 Do not use reagents beyond their expiration dates. Some components supplied in this kit may contain human source material and/or other potentially hazardous ingredients which necessitate certain precautions. Follow universal precautions, and handle all components as if capable of transmitting infectious agents. Source materials derived from human blood were tested and found nonreactive for syphilis; for antibodies to HIV 1 and 2; for hepatitis B surface antigen; and for antibodies to hepatitis C. Sodium azide, at concentrations less than 0.1 g/dl, has been added as a preservative. On disposal, flush with large volumes of water to prevent the buildup of potentially explosive metal azides in lead and copper plumbing. Water: Use distilled or deionized water. Radioactivity A copy of any radioisotope license certificate (Specific or General) issued to a US customer must be on file with Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics before kits or components containing radioactive material can be shipped. These radioactive materials may be acquired by any customer with the appropriate Specific license. Under a General license these radioactive materials may be acquired only by physicians, veterinarians in the practice of veterinary medicine, clinical laboratories and hospitals and strictly for in vitro clinical or laboratory tests not involving external or internal administration of the radioactive material or its radiation to human beings or other animals. Its acquisition, receipt, storage, use, transfer and disposal are all subject to the regulations and a (General or Specific) license of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or a State with which the NRC has entered into an agreement for the exercise of regulatory control. Handle radioactive materials according to the requirements of your General or Specific license. To minimize exposure to radiation, the user should adhere to guidelines set forth in the National Bureau of Standards publication on the Safe Handling of Radioactive Materials (Handbook No. 92, issued March 9, 1964) and in subsequent publications issued by State and Federal authorities. Wipe up spills promptly and decontaminate affected surfaces. Avoid generation of aerosols. Dispose of solid radioactive waste according to license requirements. General licensees (holders of NRC Form 483) may dispose of solid radioactive waste as nonradioactive waste, after removing labeling. Specific licensees (NRC Form 313) should refer to Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 20. Licensees in Agreement States should refer to the appropriate regulations of their own state. General licensees may dispose of liquid radioactive waste of the type contained in this product through a laboratory sink drain. Licensees must remove or deface labels from empty containers of radioactive materials before disposal of solid waste. Specific licensees may dispose of small quantities of liquid radioactive waste of the type used in this product through a laboratory sink drain. Refer to the appropriate regulations applicable to your laboratory. Materials Supplied Initial Preparation TSH Ab-Coated Tubes (ITS1) Polystyrene tubes coated with murine monoclonal antibodies to TSH and packaged in zip-lock bags. Store refrigerated and protected from moisture, carefully resealing the bags after opening. Stable at 2 8 C for one year from the date of manufacture. IKTS1: 100 tubes. IKTS5: 500 tubes. IKTSX: 1000 tubes. 125 I TSH Ab (ITS2) Iodinated anti-tsh goat polyclonal antibody, with preservative. The reagent is supplied in liquid form, ready to use. Each vial contains 5.5 ml. Stable at 2 8 C for 30 days after opening, or until the expiration date marked on the label. Color: red. IKTS1: 2 vials. IKTS5: 10 vials. IKTSX: 20 vials. TSH Calibrators (TSI3 9,X) Eight vials, labeled A through H, of lyophilized TSH calibrators in an equine serum/buffer matrix, with preservative (gentamicin). 30 minutes before use, Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, ) 3

4 reconstitute the zero calibrator A with 6.0 ml distilled water, and the remaining calibrators B through H with 3.0 ml distilled water. Use volumetric pipets and mix by gentle swirling. Stable at 2 8 C for 30 days after opening. The life of the calibrators may be extended by freezing. Aliquot, if necessary, to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. IKTS1: 1 set. IKTS5: 2 sets. IKTSX: 3 sets. The calibrators contain, respectively, 0, 0.15, 0.5, 1.5, 4, 15, 30 and 60 micro-international Units of TSH per milliliter (µiu/ml) in terms of the World Health Organization's Second International Reference Preparations of TSH for Immunoassay, number 80/558. Intermediate calibration points may be obtained by mixing calibrators in suitable proportions. Buffered Wash Solution Concentrate (1TSBW*, 3TSBW ) 40 ml* (200 ml ) of a concentrated buffered saline solution, with surfactants. Using a transfer container, dilute each vial of concentrate with 400 ml* (2,000 ml ) distilled water, for a total volume of 440 ml* (2,200 ml ). Mix thoroughly before use. Stable at 2 8 C for 6 months after preparation. IKTS1: 1 vial 40 ml. IKTS5: 1 vial 200 ml. IKTSX: 2 vials 200 ml. Materials Required But Not Provided Gamma counter compatible with standard 12x75 mm tubes Rack shaker set at approximately 200 strokes per minute Reagent Preparation Distilled or deionized water Volumetric pipets: 3 ml and 6 ml Graduated cylinder for dispensing 400 ml (2,000 ml ) Plastic storage container with lid for preparation and storage of Buffered Wash Solution Immunoassay Micropipets: 100 µl and 200 µl Dispenser for delivering 2.0 ml of Buffered Wash Solution Foam decanting rack available from Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics (catalog number: FDR). 4-cycle log-log graph paper A tri-level, human serum-based immunoassay control, containing TSH as one of over 25 assayed constituents, is available from Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics (catalog number: CON6). Specimen Collection The patient need not be fasting, and no special preparations are necessary. Collect blood by venipuncture 21 into plain tubes and separate the serum from the cells. Since TSH is known to exhibit a small circadian rhythm, the time of collection should be noted. The use of an ultracentrifuge is recommended to clear lipemic samples. Hemolyzed samples may indicate mistreatment of a specimen before receipt by the laboratory; hence the results should be interpreted with caution. Blood collection tubes from different manufacturers may yield differing values, depending on materials and additives, including gel or physical barriers, clot activators and/or anticoagulants. Coat-A- Count TSH IRMA has not been tested with all possible variations of tube types. Consult the section on Alternate Sample Types for details on tubes that have been tested. Volume Required: 200 µl of serum per tube Storage: 2 8 C for 5 days, or 1 month at 20 C. 20 Before assay, allow the samples to come to room temperature (15 28 C) and mix by gentle swirling or inversion. Aliquot, if necessary, to avoid repeated thawing and freezing. Do not attempt to thaw frozen specimens by heating them in a waterbath. Immunometric Assay Procedure All components must be at room temperature (15 28 C) before use. 4 Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, )

5 1 Label sixteen TSH Ab-Coated Tubes A (nonspecific binding) and B through H ("maximum binding") in duplicate. Label additional TSH Ab-Coated Tubes, also in duplicate, for controls and patient samples. If Total Counts tubes are required for data reduction, label two plain (uncoated) 12x75 mm polystyrene tubes T (total counts) in duplicate. Calibrators µiu/ml A (NSB) 0 B 0.15 C 0.5 D 1.5 E 4 F 15 G 30 H ("MB") 60 2 Pipet 200 µl of each calibrator, control and patient serum sample into the tubes prepared. Pipet directly to the bottom. Samples expected to contain TSH concentrations greater than the highest calibrator (60 µiu/ml) should be diluted in the zero calibrator before assay. The use of disposable-tip micropipets is recommended, to avoid carryover from sample to sample. Positive displacement pipets and automatic pipettor-diluters should be used only if the possibility of carryover has been evaluated and found to be insignificant. 3 Add 100 µl of 125 I TSH Ab to every tube. Pipet directly to the bottom, and make sure that sample and tracer are thoroughly mixed, without foaming. A repeating dispenser is recommended. Set the (optional) T tubes aside for counting at step 6; they require no further processing. 4 Shake at room temperature (15 28 C) for 2 hours on a rack shaker set at 200 strokes a minute. 5 Decant thoroughly. Add 2 ml Buffered Wash Solution to each tube. Wait 1 to 2 minutes, then decant thoroughly. Again add 2 ml Buffered Wash Solution, wait 1 to 2 minutes, and decant thoroughly. Removing all visible moisture will greatly enhance precision. After the second wash, using a foam decanting rack, decant the contents of all tubes (except the T tubes) and allow them to drain for 2 to 3 minutes. Then strike the tubes sharply on absorbant paper to shake off all residual droplets. 6 Count for 1 minute in a gamma counter. In multi-head gamma counters, the (optional) Total Counts tubes should be separated from the remaining assay tubes by at least one space, to minimize the possibility of spillover. Calculation and Quality Control To calculate results (in terms of concentration units) from a log-log representation of the calibration curve, first correct the counts per minute (CPM) of each pair of tubes by subtracting the average CPM of the nonspecific binding tubes (calibrator A): Net Counts = (Average CPM) minus (Average NSB CPM) Then determine percent binding (relative to that of the highest calibrator) here called "%B/MB" of each pair of tubes as a percent of "maximum binding," with the NSB-corrected counts of the highest calibrator taken as 100%: Percent Bound = (Net Counts / Net MB Counts) 100 Using 4-cycle log-log graph paper, plot Percent Bound versus Concentration for each of the nonzero calibrators, and draw a curve approximating the path of these points. (Connect the calibration points with arcs or straight line segments. Do not attempt to fit a single straight line to the data.) Concentrations for controls and unknowns within range of the nonzero calibrators may then be estimated from the calibration curve by interpolation. An additional plot of Percent Bound versus Concentration for the three lowest calibrators on linear-linear graph paper may be used for interpolation near zero dose. Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, ) 5

6 Comments: Although other approaches are acceptable, data reduction by the method just described has certain advantages from the standpoint of quality control. In particular, it yields a calibration curve that is relatively linear in both log-log and linear-linear representations, and relatively stable from assay to assay. It also yields valuable QC parameters, namely, Percent Bound (%B/MB) values for the nonzero calibrators. A still more informative graph, conveying a sense of within-assay reproducibility as a function of concentration, can be obtained by plotting the Percent Bound values of individual calibrator tubes directly, i.e. without first averaging the CPM of replicates. Alternatives: Although Percent Bound can be calculated directly from Average CPM, correction for nonspecific binding usually produces a calibration curve that is more nearly linear throughout its range. A calibration curve can also be constructed by plotting CPM or Average CPM directly against Concentration on either log-log or linear-linear graph paper. (Semi-log graph paper should not be used.) This approach has the virtue of simplicity, but is less desirable from the standpoint of quality control. Computerized Data Reduction: "Pointto-point" methods, including linear and cubic spline fits, are suitable; but since they provide little assistance in monitoring the integrity of an assay, it is important to prepare the recommended log-log plot of the calibration curve, either manually or by computer, as a quality control step. Data reduction techniques based on the logistic model may also be applicable. Within this family, curve-fitting routines based on the 4- or 5-parameter logistic are the most suitable candidates. However, some algorithms currently in use may not converge successfully, even when the logistic model is true to the data. If a logistic method is adopted, it is essential to verify its appropriateness for each day's assay by monitoring the backcalculation of the calibrators, and other parameters. In addition, a plot of the calibrator curve in a log-log representation is highly recommended, as this is more informative than the conventional semi-log plot. Sample Handling: The instructions for handling and storing patient samples and components should be carefully observed. Dilute patient samples expected to contain high concentrations with the zero calibrator before assay. All samples, including the calibrators and controls, should be assayed at least in duplicate. It is important to use a disposable-tip micropipet, changing the tip between samples, in order to avoid carryover contamination. Positive displacement pipets and automatic pipettor-diluters should be used only if the possibility of carryover has been evaluated and found to be insignificant. Pairs of control tubes may be spaced throughout the assay to help verify the absence of significant drift. Inspect the results for agreement within tube pairs. Gamma Counter: To minimize the possibility of spillover in multi-well gamma counters, the optional total counts tubes (T) should be separated by one or more spaces from the other assay tubes. Alternatively, add only 25 µl of the tracer to each of the T tubes at step 3, and multiply the observed counts per minute in these tubes by 4. Controls: Controls or serum pools with at least two TSH concentration levels (low and high) should routinely be assayed as unknowns, and the results charted from day to day as described in Westgard JO, et al. A multi-rule chart for quality control. Clin Chem 1981;27: Repeat samples are a valuable additional tool for monitoring interassay precision. QC Parameters: We recommend keeping track of these performance measures: T = Total Counts (as counts per minute) %NSB = 100 (Average NSB Counts / Total Counts) %MB = 100 (Net MB Counts / Total Counts) And the Percent Bound ("%B/MB") values of all but the highest of the nonzero calibrators, for example: %C/MB = 100 (Net Calibrator "C" Counts / Net MB Counts) Record Keeping: It is good laboratory practice to record for each assay the lot numbers and reconstitution dates of the components used, as well as control results and QC parameters. 6 Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, )

7 Further Reading: See Dudley RA, et al. Guidelines for immunoassay data reduction. Clin Chem 1985;31: Example Run: For illustration only. Not for calculating results from another run. (See "Example Run" table.) Expected Values Serum samples from a total of 443 adults with no known thyroid dysfunction were assayed by the Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA procedure. The results showed a nearly log-normal distribution, with a median of 1.3 µiu/ml, and suggest a reference range of µiu/ml for adults with no known thyroid dysfunction. Laboratories should consider these results as guidelines only. Each laboratory should establish its own reference ranges. Serum samples from patients with untreated hyperthyroidism and untreated primary hypothyroidism were also assayed by the Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA procedure, with the following results, in µiu/ml. Absolute Reference Group Range Median n Hyperthyroid <0.15 ND 61 Hypothyroid ND: not detectable The table shows that the Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA procedure achieves a good separation between patients with frank, untreated hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, on the one hand, and individuals with no known thyroid dysfunction. It should be remembered, however, that hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are graded conditions; this implies that not all patients in these disease categories can be expected to have TSH levels as extreme as those indicated in the table above. Conversely, especially in hospital settings, patients with no known thyroid dysfunction may exhibit TSH levels outside the reference range as a consequence of nonthyroidal illness or treatment with glucocorticoids, dopamine or other drugs. 17 Performance Data See Tables and Graphs for data representative of the Coat-A-Coat TSH IRMA kit's performance. TSH results in the sections below are expressed as µiu/ml. Calibration Range: µiu/ml Analytical Sensitivity: 0.03 µiu/ml Intraassay Precision (Within-Run): Statistics were calculated for each of seven samples from the results of 20 pairs of tubes in a single assay. (See "Intraassay Precision" table.) Interassay Precision (Run-to-Run): Statistics were calculated for each of seven samples from the results of pairs of tubes in 20 different assays. (See "Interassay Precision" table.) End-of-Run Effect: None up to approximately 350 tubes (See "End-of- Run Effect" table.) Specificity: The Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA antibodies are highly specific for TSH, with an extremely low crossreactivity to other glycoprotein hormones such as FSH, LH and HCG. Three patient samples containing elevated levels of TSH were spiked with different amounts of FSH, LH or HCG. The samples were then assayed both spiked and unspiked by the Coat-A-Count TSH Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, ) 7

8 IRMA procedure. The table shows that Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA results are essentially unaffected by wide variations in the concentration of the compounds tested. (See "Specificity" table.) Linearity: Samples were assayed under various dilutions. (See "Linearity" table for representative data.) Recovery: Samples spiked 1 to 19 with four TSH solutions (23, 139, 274 and 810 µiu/ml) were all assayed. (See "Recovery" table for representative data.) Bilirubin: Presence of bilirubin in concentrations up to 200 mg/l has no effect on results, within the precision of the assay. Hemolysis: Presence of packed red blood cells in concentrations up to 30 µl/ml has no effect on results, within the precision of the assay. Alternate Sample Type: To assess the effect of alternate sample types, blood was collected from 48 volunteers into plain, heparinized, EDTA and Becton Dickinson SST vacutainer tubes. All samples were assayed by the Coat-A- Count TSH IRMA procedure, with the following results. (Heparin) = 1.03 (Serum) 0.04 µiu/ml r = (EDTA) = 0.99 (Serum) µiu/ml r = (SST) = 1.01 (Plain Tubes) 0.02 µiu/ml r = Means: 2.10 µiu/ml (Serum) 2.13 µiu/ml (Heparin) 2.11 µiu/ml (EDTA) 2.11 µiu/ml (SST) Protein Effect: To simulate various protein concentrations, experiments were performed in which 6.0 ml aliquots of three serum pools were freeze-dried and then reconstituted with various volumes of water (4.0, 6.0 and 9.0 ml). Each reconstituted aliquot was then assayed by the Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA procedure. Observed and expected TSH values are tabulated in µiu/ml. (The factor to correct for reconstitution volume is tabulated below) The results indicate that variations in protein have no clinically significant effect on the Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA assay. (See "Protein Effect" table.) Method Comparison: Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA procedure was compared to IMMULITE Third Generation TSH assay on 107 patient samples, with TSH values ranging from approximately 0.29 to 19.3 µiu/ml. (See "Method Comparison" graph.) By linear regression: (CAC IRMA) = 1.05 (IMMULITE) 0.13 µiu/ml r = Means: 2.83 µiu/ml (Coat-A-Count IRMA) 2.81 µiu/ml (IMMULITE) References 1) Bayer M, et al. Clinical experience with sensitive thyrotropin measurements: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. J Nucl Med 1985;36: ) Burger HG, Patel TC. Thyrotrophin releasing hormone TSH. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977 March;6(1): ) Chen I-W, Heminger L. Thyroid-stimulating hormone. In: Kaplan LA, Pesce AJ, editors. Clinical chemistry. St Louis: C.V. Mosby, 1984: ) Durham AP. The upper limit of normal for thyrotropin is 3 or 4 milli-int. units/l. Clin Chem 1985;31: ) Fisher DA, Klein AH. Thyroid development and disorders of thyroid function in the newborn. N Eng J Med 1981;304: ) Fraser CG, Browning MCK. Measuring serum thyrotropin. Lancet 1985;1: ) Jackson IMD. Thyrotropinreleasing hormone. N Eng J Med 1982;306: ) Lindstedt G, et al. Thyroid function evaluation in the mid 80s. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1984;44: ) Ridgway EC, et al. Thyrotropin. In: Rothfeld B, editor. Nuclear medicine in vitro. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1974: ) Ridgway EC, et al. Peripheral responses to thyroid hormone before and after L-thyroxine therapy in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1981;53: ) Tsay J-Y, Chen I-W, et al. A statistical method for determining normal ranges from laboratory data including values below the minimum detectable value. Clin Chem 1979;25: ) Walfish PG. The best way to screen for neonatal hypothyroidism. Diagnostic Medicine 1984 Feb;7(2): ) Weeke J. The influence of the circadian thyrotropin rhythm on the thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal subjects. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1974;33: ) Wehmann RE, et al. Suppression of thyrotropin in the low-thyroxine state of severe nonthyroidal illness. N Eng J Med 1985; 312: ) Woodhead JS, Weeks I. Circulating thyrotrophin as an index of thyroid function. Ann Clin Biochem 1985;22: ) Spencer C, et al. Specificity of sensitive assays of thyrotropin (TSH) used to screen for thyroid disease in hospitalized patients. Clin Chem 1987;33: ) Nicoloff JT, Spencer CA. The use and misuse of the sensitive thyrotropin 8 Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, )

9 assays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71: ) Klee GG, Hay ID. Assessment of sensitive tyrotropin assays for an expanded role in thyroid function testing: proposed criteria for analytic performance and clinical utility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1987;64(3): ) Mandel SJ, Brent GA, Larsen PR. Levothyroxine therapy in patients with thyroid disease. Ann Intern Med 1993;119: ) Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, editors. Tietz textbook of clincal chemistry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, ) National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Procedures for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens by venipuncture; approved standard. 4th ed. NCCLS Document H3-A4, Wayne, PA: NCCLS, ) Baloch Z, Carayon P, Conte-Devolx B, Demers LM, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Henry JF, et al.; Guidelines Committee, National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB). Laboratory medicine practice guidelines (LMPG). Laboratory support for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease. Thyroid 2003 Jan;13(1): Also available at stm (accessed January 2005). Technical Assistance In the United States, contact Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Technical Services department. Tel: To place an order: Tel: Outside the United States, contact your National Distributor. The Quality System of Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. is certified to ISO 13485:2003. Tables and Graphs Example Run Tube 1 Duplicate CPM 2 T 7 188, ,715 A (NSB) B C D E F ,317 2,306 5,753 5,701 17,703 17,579 29,792 G 29,326 H 44,212 ("MB") 9 44,913 Unknowns 10 X1 X2 X ,808 11,885 28,087 28,177 Average CPM 3 189,633 Quality Control Parameters: 11 T 7 = 189,633 cpm %NSB 8 = 0.06% %MB 9 = 24% Net Percent CPM 4 Bound 5 TSH µiu/ml % % 0.5 2,312 2, % 1.5 5,727 5,610 13% ,641 17,524 39% 15 29,559 29,442 66% 30 44,563 44, % % ,847 11,730 26% ,132 28,015 63% 28 Intraassay Precision (µiu/ml) Mean 1 SD 2 CV % % % % % % % Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, ) 9

10 Interassay Precision (µiu/ml) Mean 1 SD 2 CV % % % % % % % End-of-Run Effect Tubes Tubes Tubes Tubes Tubes Specificity Compound 1 miu/ml Added 2 Apparent µiu/ml 3 FSH LH HCG , Linearity (µiu/ml) Dilution 1 Observed 2 Expected 3 %O/E in in % 4 in % 2 in % 1 in % 2 32 in in % 8 in % 4 in % 2 in % 1 in % in in % 128 in % 64 in % 32 in % 16 in % 8 in % 4 in % 2 in % 1 in % Protein Effect Expt. 1 Factor 2 Approx. Conc. g/dl 3 Observed 4 Expected 5 O/E % % % % % % 10 Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, )

11 Recovery (µiu/ml) Solution 1 Observed 2 Expected 3 % O/E A % B % C % D % A % B % C % D % A % B % C % D % A % B % C % D % Method Comparison CAC TSH IRMA IMMULITE 3rd Gen TSH, µiu/ml (CAC IRMA) = 1.05 (IMMULITE) 0.13 µiu/ml r = Deutsch. Example Run: 1 Röhrchen, 2 Duplikat CPM, 3 Mittelwert CPM, 4 Netto CPM, 5 Prozent Bindung, 6 Ca. TSH, µiu/ml, 7 Total, 8 %NSB, 9 %MB, 10 Unbekannte, 11 Qualitätskontrollparameter. Intraassay Precision: 1 Mittelwert, 2 S (Standardabweichung), 3 CV (Variationskoeffizient). Interassay Precision: 1 Mittelwert, 2 S (Standardabweichung), 3 CV (Variationskoeffizient). Linearity: 1 Verdünnung, 2 Beobachtet (B), 3 Erwartet (E), 4 % B/E, 5 16 in 16. Recovery: 1 Lösung, 2 Beobachtet (B), 3 Erwartet (E), 4 % B/E. Specificity: 1 Verbindung, 2 zugesetzte Menge, 3 Gemessene Konzentration. End-of-Run Effect: 1 Röhrchen. Protein Effect: 1 Experiment, 2 Faktor, 3 Gemessene Konzentration, 4 Beobachtet (B), 5 Erwartet (E), 6 % B/E. Español. Example Run: 1 Tubo, 2 Duplicado CPM, 3 Media CPM, 4 CPM Netas, 5 Porcentaje de unión, 6 TSH, aprox., µiu/ml, 7 Total, 8 %NSB, 9 %MB, 10 Desconocidos, 11 Parámetros del control de calidad. Intraassay Precision: 1 Media, 2 DS, 3 CV. Interassay Precision: 1 Media, 2 DS, 3 CV. Linearity: 1 Dilución, 2 Observado (O), 3 Esperado (E), 4 %O/E, 5 16 en 16. Recovery: 1 Solución, 2 Observado (O), 3 Esperado (E), 4 %O/E. Specificity: 1 Compuesto, 2 Cantidad añadida, 3 Concentración aparente. End-of-Run Effect: 1 Tubos. Protein Effect: 1 Experimento, 2 Factor, 3 Concentración aparente, 4 Observado (O), 5 Esperado (E), 6 %O/E. Français. Example Run: 1 Tube, 2 Duplicate CPM, 3 CPM moyen, CPM corrigé, 5 Pourcentage lié, 6 Approx. TSH, µiu/ml, 7 Total,, 8 %NSB, 9 %MB, 10 Patients, 11 Paramètres Contrôle de Qualité. Intraassay Precision: 1 Moyenne, 2 SD, 3 CV. Interassay Precision: 1 Moyenne, 2 SD, 3 CV. Linearity: 1 Dilution, 2 Observé (O), 3 Attendu (A), 4 %O/A, 5 16 dans 16. Recovery: 1 Solution, 2 Observé (O), 3 Attendu (A), 4 %O/A. Specificity: 1 Composé, 2 ajouté, 3 Concentration apparente. End-of-Run Effect: 1 Tubes. Protein Effect: 1 Experience 2 Facteur, 3 Concentration apparente, 4 Observé (O), 5 Attendu (A), 6 %O/A. Italiano. Example Run: 1 Provetta, 2 CPM in duplicato, 3 CPM Medio, 4 CPM Netti, 5 Percentuale di Legato, 6 Appross. TSH, µiu/ml, 7 Totale, 8 %NSB, 9 %MB, 10 Campioni Non Noti, 11 Parametri per il Controllo di Qualità. Intraassay Precision: 1 Media, 2 SD (Deviazione Standard), 3 CV (Coefficiente di Variazione). Interassay Precision: 1 Media, 2 SD (Deviazione Standard), 3 CV (Coefficiente di Variazione). Linearity: 1 Diluizione, 2 Osservato (O), 3 Atteso (A), 4 %O/A, 5 16 in 16. Recovery: 1 Soluzione, 2 Osservato (O), 3 Atteso (A), 4 %O/A. Specificity: 1 Composto, 2 quantità aggiunta, 3 Concentrazione apparente. End-of-Run Effect: 1 Provette. Protein Effect: 1 Esperimento, 2 Fattore, 3 Concentrazione apparente, 4 Osservato (O), 5 Atteso (A), 6 %O/A. Português. Example Run: 1 Tubo, 2 Duplicado CPM, 3 Média de CPM, 4 Net CPM, 5 Percentagem de Ligação, 6 Aprox. TSH, µiu/ml, 7 Total, 8 %NSB, 9 %MB, 10 Desconhecidas, 11 Parâmetros do controlo de qualidade. Intraassay Precision: 1 Média, 2 Desvio padrão, 3 Coeficiente de variação. Interassay Precision: 1 Média, 2 Desvio padrão, 3 Coeficiente de variação. Linearity: 1 Diluição, 2 Observado (O), 3 Esperado (E), 4 %O/E, 5 16 em 16. Recovery: 1 Solução, Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, ) 11

12 2 Observado (O), 3 Esperado (E), 4 %O/E. Specificity: 1 Composto, 2 Quantidade adicionada, 3 Apparent Concentration. End-of- Run Effect: 1 Tubos. Protein Effect: 1 Experiência, 2 Factor, 3 Apparent Concentration, 4 Observado (O), 5 Esperado (E), 6 %O/E. Deutsch Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA Anwendung: Immunradiometrischer Assay zur direkten quantitativen Bestimmung des Schilddrüsenstimulierenden Hormon (Thyreotropin, TSH) im Serum. Der Assay ist ausschließlich in der In-Vitro-Diagnostik zur Abschätzung des Schilddrüsenstatus einzusetzen. Artikelnummern: IKTS1 (100 Tests), IKTS5 (500 Tests), IKTSX (1000 Tests) Die Packung mit 100 Röhrchen enthält weniger als 20 Microcurie (740 Kilobequerel) an radioaktivem 125 I-markiertem polyklonalen anti-tsh; die Packung mit 500 Röhrchen enthält weniger als 100 Microcurie (3 700 Kilobecquerel) und die Packung mit 1000 Röhrchen enthält weniger als 200 Microcurie (7 400 Kilobecquerel). Klinische Relevanz Die Hauptfunktion des Schilddrüsenstimulierenden Hormons (Thyreotropin, TSH), eines Hypophysenvorderlappen- Hormons, ist die Regulierung der Schilddrüsenfunktion, insbesondere der T3- und T4-Homöostase. TSH selbst wird durch einen negativen Feedback- Mechanismus über zirkulierendes T3 und T4 und über das hypothalamische TRH (Thyreotropin-Releasing-Hormon) reguliert. Bei der primären Hypothyreose (ungenügende T3- und T4-Produktion) ist das TSH deutlich erhöht. Dagegen sind bei der sekundären Hypothyreose (HVL- Störung) und der tertiären Hypothyreose (Hypothalamus-Störung) sowohl die T3- und T4-Spiegel, als auch die TSH-Spiegel erniedrigt. Bei einer Hyperthyreose ist bei erhöhten T4- und / oder T3-Spiegeln das TSH normalerweise erniedrigt. In seltenen Fällen einer Überstimulation der Schilddrüse, bedingt durch Funktionsstörungen der Hypophyse oder des Hypothalamus, können erhöhte TSH- Spiegel gefunden werden. Die diagnostische Hauptrolle der TSH- Bestimmung liegt im Screening der Schilddrüsenfunktion, der Differentialdiagnose der Hypothyreose 19 und im Monitoring einer Schilddrüsenhormontherapie. 18 In Forschungsstudien wurde herausgefunden, dass offensichtlich gesunden Patienten mit einem TSH-Wert von größer 2,0 µiu/ml ein erhöhtes Risiko haben, in den nächsten 20 Jahren eine Schilddrüsenerkrankung zu entwickeln. Es wurde vorgeschlagen, die obere Grenze des Serum TSH Referenzbereiches auf 2,5 µiu/ml zu reduzieren. Es wurden bei mehr als 95% der normalen, euthyreoten Spendern Serum TSH-Werte zwischen 0,4 und 2,5 µiu/ml gemessen. 22 Methodik Der Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA ist ein Festphasen immunradiometrischer Assay (beschichtete Röhrchen) mit monoklonalen und polyklonalen anti-tsh Antikörpern: Ein 125 I-markierter polyklonaler anti-tsh Antikörper liegt in der flüssigen Phase vor und monoklonale anti- TSH Antikörper sind auf der Wand eines Röhrchens immobilisiert. Testablauf: TSH wird zwischen den auf der Wand eines Polystyrolröhrchens immobilisierten monoklonalen anti-tsh Antikörpern und dem radioaktiv markierten polyklonalen anti-tsh Tracer gebunden. Ungebundene 125 I-markierte anti-tsh Antikörper werden durch Dekantieren des Reaktionsgemisches und anschließendem Waschen der Röhrchen entfernt; dies reduziert die unspezifischen Bindungen sehr stark und gewährleistet eine exzellente Präzision bei niedrigen Konzentrationen. Die TSH Konzentration ist der nach dem Waschen im Röhrchen verbliebenen Radioaktivität direkt proportional. Die Radioaktivität wird in einem Gamma- Counter gemessen. Die TSH Konzentration in der Patientenprobe wird durch den Vergleich der gemessenen Counts pro Minute mit denen der 12 Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, )

13 mitgelieferten Standards unterschiedlicher Konzentration ermittelt. Zu pipettierende Reagenzien: 1 Testdauer: 2 Stunden Totalaktivität zum Zeitpunkt der Markierung: ca cpm Hinweise und Vorsichtsmaßnahmen Zur In-vitro-Diagnostik. Reagenzien: Die Packung mit den Reagenzien sollte bei 2 8 C in einem Kühlschrank gelagert werden, der für radioaktives Material ausgewiesen ist. Die Entsorgung muss nach den jeweils gültigen Gesetzen erfolgen. Die Reagenzien dürfen nur bis zum Verfallsdatum verwendet werden. Einige Komponenten des Kits können Material humanen Ursprungs und/oder in anderer Weise gefährliche Inhaltsstoffe enthalten, die es unbedingt notwendig machen die folgenden Vorsichtsmaßnahmen einzuhalten. Die generell geltenden Vorsichtsmaßnahmen sind einzuhalten und alle Komponenten als potenziell infektiös zu behandeln. Alle aus menschlichem Blut gewonnenen Materialien wurden auf Syphilis, Antikörper gegen HIV-1 und HIV-2, Hepatitis-B-Oberflächenantigen und Hepatitis-C-Antikörper untersucht und negativ befundet. Bestimmten Komponenten wurde Natriumazid (<0,1 g/dl) hinzugefügt. Um die Bildung von explosiven Metallaziden in Blei- und Kupferrohren zu vermeiden, sollten die Reagenzien nur zusammen mit großen Wassermengen in die Kanalisation gespült werden. Wasser: Destilliertes bzw. deionisiertes Wasser benutzen. Radioaktivität Der Umgang mit radioaktivem Material ist in Deutschland genehmigungspflichtig. Deshalb muss der Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics eine Kopie der aktuellen gültigen Umgangsgenehmigung des Kunden vorliegen, bevor radioaktive Reagenzien versendet werden dürfen. Die Strahlenschutzverordnung ist zu beachten. Das radioaktive Material ist gemäß der jeweiligen Umgangsgenehmigung zu handhaben. Die Strahlenexposition ist zu minimieren. Spritzer sind sofort aufzuwischen und die betroffene Oberfläche zu dekontaminieren. Aerosolbildung ist zu vermeiden. Flüssiger und fester radioaktiver Abfall sind unter Beachtung der gültigen Richtlinien zu entsorgen. Bestandteile der Testpackung: Vorbereitung TSH Antikörper-beschichtete Röhrchen (ITS1) Polypropylen-Röhrchen beschichtet mit monoklonalen Antikörpern von der Maus gegen das TSH, verpackt in wiederverschließbaren Plastikbeuteln. Kühl lagern, vor Feuchtigkeit schützen und nach dem Öffnen wieder sorgfältig verschließen. Bei 2 8 C für ein Jahr ab dem Herstellungsdatum haltbar. IKTS1: 100 Röhrchen. IKTS5: 500 Röhrchen. IKTSX: 1000 Röhrchen. 125 I TSH Antikörper (ITS2) Jodierte polyklonale anti-tsh Antikörper von der Ziege, mit Konservierungsmitteln. Das Reagenz wird in flüssiger Form, gebrauchsfertig geliefert. Jede Flasche enthält 5,5 ml. Bei 2 8 C 30 Tage nach dem Öffnen oder bis zum Verfallsdatum haltbar. Farbe: rot. IKTS1: 2 Flaschen. IKTS5: 10 Flaschen. IKTSX: 20 Flaschen. TSH Standards (TSI3 9,X) 8 Flaschen, A H, mit lyophilisiertem TSH in einer Pferdeserum/Puffer Matrix, mit Konservierungsmitteln (Gentamicin). Mindestens 30 Minuten vor Testbeginn den 0-Standard A mit 6,0 ml destilliertem Wasser und die restlichen Standards B H mit 3,0 ml destilliertem Wasser auflösen. Volumetrische Pipetten verwenden und durch vorsichtiges Umdrehen durchmischen. Bei 2 8 C bis 30 Tage nach dem Öffnen haltbar. Die Haltbarkeit der Standards kann durch einfrieren verlängert werden. Um wiederholtes Einfrieren und Auftauen zu vermeiden bei Bedarf portionieren. IKTS1: 1 Set. IKTS5: 2 Sets. IKTSX: 3 Sets. Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, ) 13

14 Die Standards enthalten, 0; 0,15; 0,5; 1,5; 4; 15; 30 und 60 µiu/ml TSH kalibriert an der World Health Organization's Second International Reference Preparation für TSH, 80/558. Weitere Standardkurvenpunkte können durch Mischen der Standards hergestellt werden. Gepufferte Waschlösung, Konzentrat (1TSBW*, 3TSBW ) 40 ml* (200 ml ) konzentrierte gepufferte Salzlösung, mit Tensiden. Unter Zuhilfenahme eines Transferbehälters, jede Flasche Konzentrat mit 400 ml* (2 000 ml ) destilliertem Wasser, auf ein Gesamtvolumen von 440 ml* (2 200 ml ) verdünnen. Vor dem Gebrauch gründlich durchmischen. Bei 2 8 C für 6 Monate nach der Zubereitung haltbar. IKTS1: 1 Flasche 40 ml. IKTS5: 1 Flasche 200 ml. IKTSX: 2 Flaschen 200 ml. Erforderliche Laborgeräte und Hilfsmittel Gammacounter kompatibel mit 12x75 mm Röhrchen Schüttler ca. 200 Zyklen pro Minute einstellen Reagenzienvorbereitung Destilliertes oder deionisiertes Wasser Volumetrische Pipetten: 3 ml und 6 ml Messzylinder - zum Abmessen von 400 ml (2 000 ml ) Plastikbehälter mit Verschluss zur Herstellung und Lagerung der gepufferten Waschlösung Immunoassay Mikropipetten: 100 µl und 200 µl Dispenser - Für die Zugabe von 2,0 ml der gepufferten Waschlösung Dekantierständer erhältlich bei Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics (Artikelnummern: FDR). Logarithmisches Papier, 4 Dekaden Immunoassay-Kontrollen (mehrere Parameter, 3 Konzentrationen) (Artikelnummer: CON6). Probengewinnung Es ist keine besondere Vorbereitung der Patienten nötig. Blutentnahme durch Venenpunktion 21 in Röhrchen ohne Zusätze, Trennung des Serums von den Blutzellen, Abnahmezeitpunkt notieren. Da TSH einer geringen zirkadianen Rhythmik unterliegt ist der Zeitpunkt der Blutentnahme zu notieren. Der Einsatz einer Ultrazentrifuge wird zur Klärung von lipämischen Proben empfohlen. Bei hämolysierten Proben besteht die Möglichkeit einer unsachgemäßen Handhabung vor Eintreffen im Labor, daher sind die Ergebnisse mit Vorsicht zu interpretieren Blutentnahmeröhrchen von verschiedenen Herstellern können differierende Werte verursachen. Dies hängt von den verwendeten Materialien und Additiven (Gel oder physische Trennbarrieren, Gerinnungsaktivatoren und /oder Antikoagulantien) ab. Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA sind nicht mit allen möglichen Röhrchenvariationen ausgetestet worden. Details der getesteten Röhrchenarten sind dem Kapitel "Alternative Probenarten" zu entnehmen. Erforderliche Menge: 200 µl Serum pro Röhrchen Lagerung: Bei 2 8 C für 5 Tage, oder 1 Monat bei 20 C. 20 Die Proben vor Testbeginn auf Raumtemperatur (15 28 C) bringen und vorsichtig durchmischen. Um wiederholtes Einfrieren und Auftauen zu vermeiden bei Bedarf portionieren. Gefrorene Proben dürfen nicht durch Erhitzen im Wasserbad aufgetaut werden. Testdurchführung Immunometrischer Assay Alle Testkomponenten vor Testbeginn auf Raumtemperatur (15 28 C) bringen. 1 Jeweils 2 TSH-Antikörperbeschichtete Röhrchen mit A (unspezifische Bindung, 0-Standard) und von B bis H (Maximalbindung) beschriften. Jeweils 2 weitere Antikörper-beschichtete Röhrchen für Kontrollen und Patientenproben beschriften. Sind die Totalaktivitäts (T) Röhrchen für die Datenberechnung erforderlich, 2 unbeschichtete 12x75 mm 14 Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, )

15 Polystyrol-Röhrchen mit T (Totalaktivität) beschriften. Standards µiu/ml A (NSB) 0 B 0,15 C 0,5 D 1,5 E 4 F 15 G 30 H ("MB") 60 2 Jeweils 200 µl der Standards, Kontrollen und Patientenproben in die vorbereiteten Röhrchen pipettieren. Direkt auf den Boden des Röhrchens pipettieren. Patientenproben mit Konzentrationen oberhalb des Messbereichs bis 60 µiu/ml müssen vor der Messung mit 0-Standard verdünnt werden. Um Verschleppung zu vermeiden, wird die Verwendung von Einmal-Pipettenspitzen empfohlen. Verdrängungspipetten, sowie automatische Pipettor- Dilutoren sollten nur verwendet werden, wenn eine mögliche Verschleppung untersucht und für vernachlässigbar befunden wurde µl 125 I TSH Antikörper in jedes Röhrchen hinzufügen. Direkt auf den Boden pipettieren. Vergewissern Sie sich, dass Probe und Tracer gut gemischt sind, ohne Schaumbildung. Die Verwendung eines Dispensers wird empfohlen. Die T-Röhrchen bis zur Messung (siehe Schritt 6) beiseite stellen; sie bedürfen keiner weiteren Behandlung. 4 2 Stunden auf einem Schüttler mit 200 Zyklen pro Minute bei Raumtemperatur (15 28 C) inkubieren. 5 Vollständig dekantieren. 2 ml gepufferte Waschlösung in jedes Röhrchen hinzufügen. 1 2 Minuten stehen lassen, dann vollständig dekantieren. Nochmals 2 ml gepufferte Waschlösung in jedes Röhrchen geben, 1 2 Minuten stehen lassen, dann erneut vollständig dekantieren. Vollständiges Entfernen der Flüssigkeit verbessert die Präzision deutlich. Nach dem 2. Waschgang, mit Hilfe eines Dekantierständers alle Röhrchen (außer die T-Röhrchen) dekantieren und 2 3 Minuten umgedreht stehen lassen. Anschließend werden die Röhrchen kräftig auf Fließpapier ausgeklopft, um alle restlichen Tröpfchen zu entfernen. 6 Alle Röhrchen 1 Minute im Gamma- Counter messen. In Mehrkanal-Gamma-Countern sollten die T-Röhrchen mindestens eine Position Abstand von den übrigen Teströhrchen haben, um ein Spillover zu vermeiden. Berechnung der Ergebnisse und Qualitätskontrolle Um die Konzentrationen aus der Log-Log Darstellung der Standardkurve abzulesen werden zunächst der Mittelwert jedes Röhrchenpaars, bereinigt um den Mittelwert der NSB (Standard A) Counts pro Minute (cpm) berechnet: Netto Counts = (Mittelwert CPM) minus (Mittelwert NSB CPM) Anschließend wird die Bindung jedes Röhrchenpaars als Prozent der Maximalbindung (MB, B max ) bestimmt (%B/MB). Hierzu werden die mittleren CPM des H-Standards korrigiert um die mittlere NSB als 100% gesetzt: Prozentbindung = (Netto Counts / Netto MB Counts) 100 Die Prozentbindungen der Standards werden gegen die Konzentration auf Logarithmenpapier mit je 4 Dekaden aufgetragen und durch eine Kurve mit bestmöglicher Annäherung an diese Punkte verbunden. (Die einzelnen Standardpunkte sollten jeweils mit einem Bogen oder einer geraden Linie aber nicht durch eine gerade Linie durch alle Punkte verbunden werden.) TSH Konzentrationen innerhalb des Konzentrationsbereichs der Standards können an der Kurve durch Interpolation abgelesen werden. Die Prozentbindungen der drei niedrigsten Standards können zusätzlich auf linearem Papier gegen die Konzentration aufgetragen werden, um durch Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, ) 15

16 Interpolation Ergebnisse in der Nähe von 0 genauer zu ermitteln. Hinweis: Obwohl auch andere Verfahren akzeptabel sind, hat die beschriebene Berechnung der Daten Vorteile im Sinne der Qualitätskontrolle. Man erhält eine Standardkurve, die sowohl in der Log-Log, als auch in der Lin-Lin Darstellung weitgehend linear verläuft und sich von Ansatz zu Ansatz nur wenig verändert. Man erhält so auch wichtige Parameter für die Qualitätskontrolle wie die Prozentbindungen der Standards mit Konzentrationen ungleich 0 (%B/B max oder "%B/MB"). Mehr Informationen über die Intra-Assay-Präzsion als Funktion der Konzentration vermittelt die direkte Darstellung der Prozentbindung jedes einzelnen Standardröhrchens und nicht des Mittelwertes. Alternative Berechnung: Obwohl die Berechnung der Prozentbindung auch direkt aus dem Mittelwert der CPM erfolgen kann, führt die Korrektur um die NSB normalerweise eher zu einer über den gesamten Messbereich linear verlaufenden Kurve. Eine Standardkurve kann auch durch das direkte Auftragen der CPM, bzw. mittleren CPM gegen die Konzentration auf Log-Log oder Lin-Lin Papier erstellt werden. (Halblogarithmisches Papier sollte nicht verwendet werden.) Dieses Verfahren ist zwar einfacher, aber weniger hilfreich für die Qualitätskontrolle von Lauf zu Lauf. Computergestützte Berechnung: "Punkt-zu-Punkt" Methoden, insbesondere lineare und kubische-spline Berechnungen können für den Coat-A- Count TSH IRMA angewendet werden. Auch wenn die Berechnung durch ein Computerprogramm erfolgt, ist die grafische Log-Log Darstellung der Standardkurve (manuell oder automatisch) als ein weiterer Schritt der Qualitätskontrolle empfehlenswert. Für die Berechnung der Daten sind auch sog. logistische Verfahren anwendbar. Aus dieser Gruppe sind die 4- oder 5- Parameter Logistik am besten geeignet. Es ist zu berücksichtigen, dass manche der üblichen Algorithmen sich nicht erfolgreich annähern, selbst wenn logistische Modelle die Daten richtig erfassen. Wird ein logistisches Verfahren angenommen, ist es in jedem Fall erforderlich, die Korrektheit des täglichen Ansatzes mit Hilfe der Rückberechnung der Standards und anderer Parameter zu beurteilen. Zusätzlich wird die grafische Darstellung in Log-Log-Form empfohlen, da diese mehr Informationen bietet als die konventionelle halblogarithmische Darstellung. Proben-Handhabung: Die Anweisungen zur Handhabung und Lagerung von Proben und Komponenten müssen beachtet werden. Patientenproben mit hohen Konzentrationen müssen vor dem Einsatz in den Test mit 0-Standard verdünnt werden. Alle Proben, inklusive Standards und Kontrollen, sollten in Doppelbestimmung gemessen werden. Um Verschleppung zu vermeiden ist es wichtig, Pipetten mit Einwegspitzen zu verwenden und diese zwischen den Proben zu wechseln. Verdrängungspipetten, sowie automatische Pipettor- Dilutoren sollten nur verwendet werden, wenn eine mögliche Verschleppung untersucht und für vernachlässigbar befunden wurde. Kontrollpaare sollten an verschiedenen Stellen des Testansatzes platziert werden, um eine eventuelle Drift zu erkennen. Die Einzelergebnisse der Duplikate sollten auf Übereinstimmung überprüft und Verschleppung von Probe zu Probe vermieden. Gamma Counter: In Mehrkanal-Gamma- Countern sollten die T-Röhrchen mindestens 1 Position Abstand von den übrigen Teströhrchen haben, um ein Spillover zu vermeiden. Alternativ können auch nur 25 µl in die Röhrchen mit der Totalaktivität im Schritt 3 pipettiert und anschließend die CPM mit dem Faktor 4 multipliziert werden. Kontrollen: Kontrollen mit mindestens 2 TSH Konzentrationen (niedrig und hoch) sollten routinemäßig als unbekannte Proben eingesetzt und von Tag zu Tag protokolliert werden. Wiederholungsmessungen von Proben sind ein wertvolles Hilfsmittel in der Beurteilung der Interassay Präzision. Qualitätskontroll-Parameter: Es wird empfohlen die folgenden Parameter zu protokollieren: T = Totalaktivität (als Counts pro Minute) %NSB = 100 (Mittelwert NSB Counts / Total Counts) %MB = 100 (Netto Counts / Total Counts) 16 Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA (PIIKTS-8, )

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