Coat-A-Count. Prolactin IRMA. English. Summary and Explanation of the Test. Principle of the Procedure

Tamanho: px
Começar a partir da página:

Download "Coat-A-Count. Prolactin IRMA. English. Summary and Explanation of the Test. Principle of the Procedure"

Transcrição

1 Prolactin IRMA

2 Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA English Intended Use: Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA is an immunoradiometric assay designed for the quantitative measurement of prolactin in serum. It is intended strictly for in vitro diagnostic use as an aid in the investigation of pituitary status and infertility. Catalog numbers: IKPR1 (100 tubes) The 100-tube kit contains less than 20 microcuries (740 kilobecquerels) of radioactive 125 I monoclonal anti-prolactin. Summary and Explanation of the Test Human prolactin is a polypeptide hormone of the anterior pituitary with a molecular mass of about 22,800. It plays an essential role in the secretion of milk and has the ability to suppress gonadal function. The very existence of prolactin as a substance distinct from human growth hormone was established only in Since that time, determination of prolactin has become an important tool in the investigation of amenorrhea, galactorrhea and hypothalamic-pituitary disorders. As a reference range for circulating prolactin, the literature suggests concentrations up to approximately 20 ng/ml. Values are distinctly elevated at birth but decline to adult levels in less than three months. Women are reported to have slightly higher mean levels than men, with a slight rise at puberty apparently estrogen related and a corresponding fall at menopause. During pregnancy, the prolactin level climbs steadily to ten or twenty times its former value, then drops back down to normal after delivery within three weeks in non-nursing mothers. In those who breast-feed, the decline to normal is more gradual because of the prompt and dramatic surges in prolactin release induced by suckling. Women taking oral contraceptives or under estrogen treatment may have prolactin levels higher than normal. In assessing the significance of moderate elevations, it is important to keep in mind that prolactin is a stress hormone. Not only surgery, but events no more distressing than venipuncture or a clinical interview have been reported to occasion a transient rise. Moreover, the release of prolactin is inherently episodic, and day-to-day fluctuations with CVs as high as 30% have been encountered. Finally, there is a sleep-related diurnal variation: prolactin levels increase during sleep and reach their lowest a few hours after waking. The advice sometimes given to draw samples "between nine and noon" is based on the assumption that subjects observe reasonably normal waking hours. Principle of the Procedure Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA is a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay based on monoclonal and polyclonal anti-prolactin antibodies: one 125 I-labeled anti-prolactin monoclonal antibody in liquid phase, and one polyclonal anti-prolactin antibody immobilized to the wall of a polystyrene tube. In the procedure: Prolactin is captured between polyclonal anti-prolactin antibodies immobilized on the inside surface of the polystyrene tube and the radiolabeled monoclonal antiprolactin tracer. Unbound 125 I-labeled anti-prolactin antibody is removed by decanting the reaction mixture and washing the tube; this reduces nonspecific binding to a very low level, and ensures excellent low-end precision. The prolactin concentration is directly proportional to the radioactivity present in the tube after the wash step. The radioactivity is counted using a gamma counter, after which the concentration of prolactin in the patient sample is obtained by comparing the patient counts-per-minute with those obtained for the set of calibrators provided. Reagents to Pipet: 1 2 Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, )

3 Total Incubation Time: 2 Hours (on a rack shaker) Total Counts at Iodination: approximately 300,000 cpm Warnings and Precautions For in vitro diagnostic use. Reagents: Store at 2 8 C in a refrigerator designated for incoming radioactive materials. Dispose of in accordance with applicable laws. Do not use reagents beyond their expiration dates. Some components supplied in this kit may contain human source material and/or other potentially hazardous ingredients which necessitate certain precautions. Follow universal precautions, and handle all components as if capable of transmitting infectious agents. Source materials derived from human blood were tested and found nonreactive for syphilis; for antibodies to HIV 1 and 2; for hepatitis B surface antigen; and for antibodies to hepatitis C. Sodium azide, at concentrations less than 0.1 g/dl, has been added as a preservative. On disposal, flush with large volumes of water to prevent the buildup of potentially explosive metal azides in lead and copper plumbing. Water: Use distilled or deionized water. Radioactivity A copy of any radioisotope license certificate (Specific or General) issued to a US customer must be on file with Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics before kits or components containing radioactive material can be shipped. These radioactive materials may be acquired by any customer with the appropriate Specific license. Under a General license these radioactive materials may be acquired only by physicians, veterinarians in the practice of veterinary medicine, clinical laboratories and hospitals and strictly for in vitro clinical or laboratory tests not involving external or internal administration of the radioactive material or its radiation to human beings or other animals. Its acquisition, receipt, storage, use, transfer and disposal are all subject to the regulations and a (General or Specific) license of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or a State with which the NRC has entered into an agreement for the exercise of regulatory control. Handle radioactive materials according to the requirements of your General or Specific license. To minimize exposure to radiation, the user should adhere to guidelines set forth in the National Bureau of Standards publication on the Safe Handling of Radioactive Materials (Handbook No. 92, issued March 9, 1964) and in subsequent publications issued by State and Federal authorities. Wipe up spills promptly and decontaminate affected surfaces. Avoid generation of aerosols. Dispose of solid radioactive waste according to license requirements. General licensees (holders of NRC Form 483) may dispose of solid radioactive waste as nonradioactive waste, after removing labeling. Specific licensees (NRC Form 313) should refer to Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 20. Licensees in Agreement States should refer to the appropriate regulations of their own state. General licensees may dispose of liquid radioactive waste of the type contained in this product through a laboratory sink drain. Licensees must remove or deface labels from empty containers of radioactive materials before disposal of solid waste. Specific licensees may dispose of small quantities of liquid radioactive waste of the type used in this product through a laboratory sink drain. Refer to the appropriate regulations applicable to your laboratory. Materials Supplied: Initial Preparation Prolactin Ab-Coated Tubes (IPR1) Polystyrene tubes coated with anti-prolactin goat polyclonal antibodies and packaged in zip-lock bags. Store refrigerated and protected from moisture, carefully resealing the bags after opening. Stable at 2 8 C until the expiration date marked on the bag. IKPR1: 100 tubes. 125 I Prolactin Ab (IPR2) 11 ml of iodinated anti-prolactin murine monoclonal antibody. The reagent is supplied in liquid form, ready to use. Stable at 2 8 C for 30 days after opening Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, ) 3

4 or until the expiration date marked on the label. IKPR1: 2 vials. Prolactin Calibrators (PRI3 9, X) Eight vials, labeled A through H, of lyophilized prolactin calibrators in a serum/buffer matrix. At least 30 minutes before use, reconstitute the zero calibrator A with 5 ml distilled or deionized water, and each of the remaining calibrators B through H with 2 ml distilled water. Stable at 20 C for 30 days after reconstitution. Aliquot, if necessary, to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. IKPR1: 1 set. The calibrators have lot-specific values of approximately 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 nanograms of prolactin per milliliter (ng/ml) in terms of the World Health Organization's Third International Standard for Prolactin 84/500. Intermediate calibration points may be obtained by mixing calibrators in suitable proportions. Refer to vial labels for exact values in ng/ml. Note that the Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA calibrators are not interchangeable with those supplied in other Prolactin kits from Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics. Buffered Wash Solution Concentrate (1TSBW) 40 ml of a concentrated buffered saline solution, with surfactants and preservative. Using a transfer container, dilute the contents of each vial with 400 ml distilled water, for a total volume of 440 ml. Stable at 2 8 C for 6 months after preparation. IKPR1: 1 vial. Materials Required But Not Provided Gamma counter compatible with standard mm tubes Rack shaker set at approximately 200 strokes per minute Reagent Preparation Distilled or deionized water Volumetric pipets: 2.0, 5.0 and 11.0 ml Graduated cylinder for dispensing 400 ml Plastic storage container with lid for preparation and storage of Buffered Wash Solution Immunoassay Micropipets: 50 µl and 200 µl Dispenser for delivering 2.0 ml of Buffered Wash Solution Foam decanting rack available from Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics (catalog number: FDR). 3-cycle log-log graph paper A tri-level, human serum-based immunoassay control, containing prolactin as one of over 25 assayed constitutents, is available from Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics (catalog number: CON6). Specimen Collection The patient need not be fasting, and no special preparations are necessary. Collect blood by venipuncture 17 into plain tubes, avoiding hemolysis, and separate the serum from the cells. The time of collection should be noted. The use of an ultracentrifuge is recommended to clear lipemic samples. Hemolyzed samples may indicate mistreatment of a specimen before receipt by the laboratory; hence the results should be interpreted with caution. Blood collection tubes from different manufacturers may yield differing values, depending on materials and additives, including gel or physical barriers, clot activators and/or anticoagulants. Coat-A- Count Prolactin IRMA has not been tested with all possible variations of tube types. Consult the section on Alternate Sample Types for details on tubes that have been tested. Volume Required: 50 µl per tube Storage: 7 days at 2 8 C, or for up to 3 months (aliquotted) at 20 C. Before assay, allow the samples to come to room temperature (15 28 C) and mix by gentle swirling or inversion. Do not attempt to thaw frozen specimens by heating them in a waterbath. Note that samples with prolactin concentrations greater than 2,500 ng/ml may yield apparent prolactin results less than that of the kit's highest calibrator 4 Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, )

5 (200 ng/ml). Samples expected to exceed this concentration should be diluted with the zero calibrator before assay. Immunometric Assay Procedure All components must be at room temperature (15 28 C) before use. 1 Label sixteen Prolactin Ab-Coated Tubes A (nonspecific binding) and B through H ("maximum binding") in duplicate. Label additional antibody-coated tubes, also in duplicate, for controls and patient samples. If Total Counts tubes are required for data reduction, label two plain (uncoated) polystyrene tubes T (Total Counts) and set them aside until step 3. Approximate Calibrators ng/ml T* A(NSB) 0 B 2.5 C 5 D 10 E 20 F 50 G 100 H("MB") 200 * Optional total counts tubes Note: The values of the calibrators are lot-specific. Refer to the calibrator vial labels for actual values in ng/ml. 2 Pipet 50 µl of each calibrator, control and patient serum sample into the tubes prepared. Pipet directly to the bottom. Samples expected to contain prolactin concentrations greater than the highest calibrator (200 ng/ml) should be diluted in the zero calibrator before assay. The use of disposable-tip micropipets is recommended, to avoid carryover from sample to sample. Positive-displacement pipets and automatic pipettor-diluters should be used only if the possibility of carryover has been evaluated and found to be insignificant. 3 Add 200 µl of 125 I Prolactin Ab to every tube. Pipet directly to the bottom, and make sure that sample and tracer are thoroughly mixed, without foaming. A repeating dispenser is recommended. Set the (optional) T tubes aside for counting at step 6; they require no further processing. 4 Shake for 2 hours on a rack shaker. 5 Decant and drain thoroughly. Add 2 ml Buffered Wash Solution to each tube. Wait 1 to 2 minutes, then decant thoroughly. Again add 2 ml Buffered Wash Solution, wait 1 to 2 minutes, and decant thoroughly. Removing all visible moisture will greatly enhance precision. After the second wash, decant the contents of all tubes (except the T tubes) using a foam decanting rack, and allow them to drain for 2 or 3 minutes. Then strike the tubes sharply on absorbant paper to shake off all residual droplets. 6 Count for 1 minute in a gamma counter. In multi-head gamma counters, the (optional) Total Counts tubes should be separated from the remaining assay tubes by at least one space, to minimize the possibility of spillover. Calculation and Quality Control To calculate results (in terms of concentration units) from a log-log representation of the calibration curve, first correct the counts per minute (CPM) of each pair of tubes by subtracting the average CPM of the nonspecific binding tubes (calibrator A): Net Counts = Average CPM minus Average NSB CPM Then determine percent binding (relative to that of the highest calibrator) here called "%B/MB" of each pair of tubes as a percent of "maximum binding," with the NSB-corrected counts of the highest calibrator taken as 100%: Percent Bound = (Net Counts / Net MB Counts) 100 Using the 3-cycle log-log graph paper, plot Percent Bound versus Concentration for Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, ) 5

6 each of the nonzero calibrators, and draw a curve approximating the path of these points. (Connect the calibration points with arcs or straight line segments. Do not attempt to fit a single straight line to the data.) Concentrations for controls and unknowns within range of the nonzero calibrators may then be estimated from the calibration curve by interpolation. An additional plot of Percent Bound versus Concentration for the three lowest calibrators on linear-linear graph paper may be used for interpolation near zero dose. Comments: Although other approaches are acceptable, data reduction by the method just described has certain advantages from the standpoint of quality control. In particular, it yields a calibration curve that is relatively linear in both log-log and linear-linear representations, and relatively stable from assay to assay. It also yields valuable QC parameters, namely, Percent Bound (%B/MB) values for the nonzero calibrators. A still more informative graph, conveying a sense of within-assay reproducibility as a function of concentration, can be obtained by plotting the Percent Bound values of individual calibrator tubes directly, i.e. without first averaging the CPM of replicates. Alternatives: Although Percent Bound can be calculated directly from Average CPM, correction for nonspecific binding usually produces a calibration curve that is more nearly linear throughout its range. A calibration curve can also be constructed by plotting CPM or Average CPM directly against Concentration on either log-log or linear-linear graph paper. (Semi-log graph paper should not be used.) This approach has the virtue of simplicity, but is less desirable from the standpoint of quality control. Computerized Data Reduction: "Pointto-point" methods, including linear and cubic spline fits, are suitable; but since they provide little assistance in monitoring the integrity of an assay, it is important to prepare the recommended log-log plot of the calibration curve, either manually or by computer, as a quality control step. Data reduction techniques based on the logistic model may also be applicable. Within this family, curve fitting routines based on the 4- or 5-parameter logistic are the most suitable candidates. However, some algorithms currently in use may not converge successfully, even when the logistic model is true to the data. If a logistic method is adopted, it is essential to verify its appropriateness for each day's assay by monitoring the backcalculation of the calibrators, and other parameters. In addition, a plot of the calibration curve in a log-log representation is highly recommended, as this is more informative than the conventional semi-log plot. Sample Handling: The instructions for handling and storing patient samples and components should be carefully observed. Dilute patient samples expected to contain prolactin concentrations greater than the highest calibrator (200 ng/ml) with the zero calibrator before assay. All samples, including the calibrators and controls, should be assayed at least in duplicate. It is important to use a disposable-tip micropipet, changing the tip between samples, to avoid carryover contamination. Positive-displacement pipets and automatic pipettor-diluters should be used only if the possibility of carryover has been evaluated and found to be insignificant. Pairs of control tubes may be spaced throughout the assay to help verify the absence of significant drift. Inspect the results for agreement within tube pairs. Gamma Counter: To minimize the possibility of spillover in multi-well gamma counters, the optional total counts tubes (T) should be separated by one or more spaces from the other assay tubes. Alternatively, add only 25 µl of the tracer to each of the T tubes at step 3, and multiply the observed counts per minute in these tubes by 4. Controls: Controls or serum pools with at least two prolactin concentration levels (low and high) should routinely be assayed as unknowns, and the results charted from day to day as described in Westgard JO, et al. A multi-rule chart for quality control. Clin Chem 1981; 27: Repeat samples are a valuable additional tool for monitoring interassay precision. QC Parameters: We recommend keeping track of these performance measures: T = Total Counts (as counts per minute) 6 Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, )

7 %NSB = 100 (Average NSB Counts / Total Counts) %MB = 100 (Net MB Counts / Total Counts) And the Percent Bound ("%B/MB") values of all but the highest of the nonzero calibrators, for example: %C/MB = 100 (Net Calibrator "C" Counts / Net MB Counts) Record Keeping: It is good laboratory practice to record for each assay the lot numbers of the components used, as well as the dates when they were first reconstituted or opened. Further Reading: See Dudley RA, et al. Guidelines for immunoassay data reduction. Clin Chem 1985; 31: Example Run: For illustration only, not for calculating results from another run. Because the calibrator values are lot-specific, concentrations listed in the right column may not match the values of the calibrators supplied in your shipment. (See "Example Run" table.) Expected Values Testing of the Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA assay was performed at a large independent hospital laboratory, with the following results in ng/ml. Group Adult Males Adult Females Median Absolute Range 95% Range Laboratories should consider these results as guidelines only. Each laboratory should establish its own reference ranges. Performance Data The following sections contain data representative of the Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA kit's performance. Prolactin results are expressed as nanograms of prolactin per milliliter (ng/ml). To convert from ng/ml to miu/l, in terms of the World Health Organization's Third International Standard for Prolactin, number 84/500, multiply by 21.2: n Conversion Factor: ng/ml 21.2 miu/l Calibration Range: Up to 200 ng/ml [WHO 3rd IS 84/500] Calibrators are lot-specific. Analytical Sensitivity: 0.1 ng/ml High-dose Hook Effect: None up to 2,500 ng/ml Intraassay (Within-Run) Precision: Statistics were calculated for samples from the results of 20 pairs of tubes in a single assay. (See "Intraassay Precision" table.) Interassay (Run-to-Run) Precision: Statistics were calculated for samples from the results of pairs of tubes in 20 different assays. (See "Interassay Precision" table.) End-of-Run Effect: None up to approximately 200 tubes. (See "End-of- Run Effect" table.) Linearity: Samples were assayed under various dilutions. (See "Linearity" table for representative data.) Recovery: Samples spiked 1 to 19 with three prolactin solutions (500, 1,500 and 3,000 ng/ml) were assayed. (See "Recovery" table for representative data.) Specificity: The kit is highly specific for prolactin, with low crossreactivity to other glycoprotein hormones such as FSH, HCG, LH, TSH, hgh and HPL. Bilirubin: Presence of bilirubin in concentrations up to 200 mg/l has no effect on results, within the precision of the assay. Hemolysis: Presence of packed red blood cells in concentrations up to 30 µl/ml has no effect on results, within the precision of the assay. Lipemia: Presence of triglycerides in concentrations up to 3,000 mg/dl has no effect on results, within the precision of the assay. Alternate Sample Type: To assess the effect of alternate sample types, blood was collected from 27 volunteers into plain, heparinized, EDTA and Becton Dickinson SST vacutainer tubes. All samples were assayed by the Coat-A- Count Prolactin IRMA procedure, with the following results. Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, ) 7

8 (EDTA) = 0.87 (Serum) ng/ml r = 1.0 (Heparin) = 0.89 (Serum) ng/ml r = 1.0 (SST) = 0.97 (Plain tubes) ng/ml r = 1.0 Means: 8.7 ng/ml (Serum) 7.9 ng/ml (EDTA) 7.9 ng/ml (Heparin) 8.7 ng/ml (SST) Method Comparison: Data was combined from three different studies for method comparisons. A total of 157 patient samples were assayed by the Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA procedure and by Double Antibody Prolactin kit. By linear regression: (CAC IRMA) = 0.97 (DA) ng/ml r = Means: 16.9 ng/ml (Coat-A-Count IRMA) 15.0 ng/ml (Double Antibody) In another study, 159 patient samples were assayed by the Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA kit and by Coat-A-Count Prolactin kit. By linear regression: (CAC IRMA) = 0.95 (CAC) ng/ml r = Means: 12.0 ng/ml (Coat-A-Count IRMA) 12.2 ng/ml (Coat-A-Count) References 1) Cowden E, et al. Laboratory assessment of prolactin status. Ann Clin Biochem 1979;16: ) Cowden E, et al. Tests of prolactin secretion. Lancet 1979; ) Djursing H. Short- and long-term fluctuations in plasma prolactin concentration in normal subjects. Acta Endocrinol 1981;97:1 6. 4) Greer ME, et al. Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia in anovulatory women. Obstet Gynecol 1980;56: ) Harrington RA, et al. Metoclopramide: an updated review. Drugs 1983;25: ) Healy DL, et al. Pituitary autonomy in hyperprolactinemia secondary amenorrhea: results of hypothalamic-pituitary testing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977;44: ) Kleinberg DL, Noel GL, Frantz AG. Galactorrhea: a study of 235 cases. N Engl J Med 1977;296: ) Knuth UA, Friesen HG. Prolactin and pregnancy. Curr Top Exp Endocrinol 1983;4: ) Maxson WS, Hammond CB. Hyperprolactinemia. Contemp Ob/Gyn 1982 Jan;19(1):49 63, 19: ) Pepperell RJ. Prolactin and reproduction. Fertil Steril 1981;35: ) Stuart M, et al. Use of immunoaffinity chromatography for purification of 125 I-labeled human prolactin Clin Chem 1983;29: ) Thorner MO. Prolactin: clinical physiology and management of hyperprolactinemia. In: Martini L, Besser GM, et al, editors. Clinical endocrinology. New York: Academic Press, 1977; ) Tolis G, Franks S. Physiology and pathology of prolactin secretion. In: Tolis G, et al, editors. Clinical endocrinology: a pathophysiological approach. New York: Raven Press, 1979; ) Tolis G, et al. Aspects of prolactin pathophysiology. Periodicum Biologorum 1983; 85 Suppl 1: ) Yen SSC. Neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotropin and prolactin secretion in women: disorders in reproduction. In: Vaitukaitis J, editor. Clinical reproductive endocrinology. New York: Elsevier Biomedical, 1982; ) Zacur HA. Use of the human prolactin immunoassay. J Clin Immunoassay 1983 Spring; 6(1): ) National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Procedures for the collection of diagnostic blood specimens by venipuncture; approved standard. 4th ed. NCCLS Document H3-A4, Wayne, PA: NCCLS, Technical Assistance In the United States, contact Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Technical Services department. Tel: To place an order: Tel: Outside the United States, contact your National Distributor. The Quality System of Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. is certified to ISO 13485: Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, )

9 Tables and Graphs Example Run Tube 1 Duplicate CPM 2 T 7 258, ,870 A (NSB) B C D E F 1,637 1,542 3,088 3,027 6,081 6,185 12,576 12,708 29,007 29,275 55,888 G 56,397 H 107,424 ("MB") 9 105,313 Unknowns: 10 X1 X2 X3 5,098 4,854 13,683 13,791 34,169 35,076 Average CPM 3 257, Quality Control Parameters: 11 T 7 = 257,563 cpm %NSB 8 = 0.4% %MB 9 = 42% 20% Intercept 12 = 34 ng/ml 50% Intercept = 90 ng/ml 80% Intercept = 140 ng/ml Net CPM 4 Approx. Percent Prolactin Bound 5 ng/ml 6 1,590 1, % 2.6 3,058 2, % 5.3 6,133 6, % ,642 12,538 12% 19 29,141 29,037 27% 47 56,143 56,039 53% , , % 171 4,976 4, % ,737 13,633 13% 21 34,623 34,519 32% 57 Intraassay Precision (ng/ml) Mean 1 SD 2 CV % % % % % % % Interassay Precision (ng/ml) Mean 1 SD 2 CV % % % % % % % End-of-Run Effect (ng/ml) Tubes Tubes Tubes Tubes Linearity (ng/ml) Dilution 1 Observed 2 Expected 3 %O/E in in % 8 in % 4 in % 2 in % 2 32 in in % 8 in % 4 in % 2 in % 3 32 in in % 8 in % 4 in % 2 in % Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, ) 9

10 Recovery (ng/ml) Solution 1 Observed 2 Expected 3 % O/E A % B % C % A % B % C % A % B % C % A % B % C % 3 Attendu (A), 4 %O/A. End-of-Run Effect: 1 Tubes. Italiano. Example Run: 1 Provetta, 2 CPM in duplicato, 3 CPM Medio, 4 CPM Netti, 5 Percentuale di Legato, 6 Appross. Prolattina, ng/ml, 7 Totale, 8 %NSB, 9 %MB, 10 Campioni Non Noti, 11 Parametri per il Controllo di Qualità, 12 Intercetta al 20%. Intraassay Precision: 1 Media, 2 SD (Deviazione Standard), 3 CV (Coefficiente di Variazione). Interassay Precision: 1 Media, 2 SD (Deviazione Standard), 3 CV (Coefficiente di Variazione). Linearity: 1 Diluizione, 2 Osservato (O), 3 Atteso (A), 4 %O/A, 5 8 in 8. Recovery: 1 Soluzione, 2 Osservato (O), 3 Atteso (A), 4 %O/A. End-of-Run Effect: 1 Provette. Português. Example Run: 1 Tubo, 2 Duplicado CPM, 3 Média de CPM, 4 Net CPM, 5 Percentagem de Ligação, 6 Aprox. Prolactina, ng/ml, 7 Total, 8 %NSB, 9 %MB, 10 Desconhecidas, 11 Parâmetros do controlo de qualidade, 12 20% Intercepção. Intraassay Precision: 1 Média, 2 Desvio padrão, 3 Coeficiente de variação. Interassay Precision: 1 Média, 2 Desvio padrão, 3 Coeficiente de variação. Linearity: 1 Diluição, 2 Observado (O), 3 Esperado (E), 4 %O/E, 5 8 em 8. Recovery: 1 Solução, 2 Observado (O), 3 Esperado (E), 4 %O/E. End-of-Run Effect: 1 Tubos. Deutsch. Example Run: 1 Röhrchen, 2 Duplikat CPM, 3 Mittelwert CPM, 4 Netto CPM, 5 Prozent Bindung, 6 Ca. Prolaktin, ng/ml, 7 Total, 8 %NSB, 9 %MB, 10 Unbekannte, 11 Qualitätskontrollparameter, 12 20% Intercept. Intraassay Precision: 1 Mittelwert, 2 SD (Standardabweichung), 3 CV (Variationskoeffizient). Interassay Precision: 1 Mittelwert, 2 SD (Standardabweichung), 3 CV (Variationskoeffizient). Linearity: 1 Verdünnung, 2 Beobachtet (B), 3 Erwartet (E), 4 % B/E, 5 8 in 8. Recovery: 1 Lösung, 2 Beobachtet (B), 3 Erwartet (E), 4 % B/E. End-of-Run Effect: 1 Röhrchen. Español. Example Run: 1 Tubo, 2 Duplicado CPM, 3 Media CPM, 4 CPM Netas, 5 Porcentaje de unión, 6 Prolactina, aprox., ng/ml, 7 Total, 8 %NSB, 9 %MB, 10 Desconocidos, 11 Parámetros del control de calidad, 12 Corte al 20%. Intraassay Precision: 1 Media, 2 DS, 3 CV. Interassay Precision: 1 Media, 2 DS, 3 CV. Linearity: 1 Dilución, 2 Observado (O), 3 Esperado (E), 4 %O/E, 5 8 en 8. Recovery: 1 Solución, 2 Observado (O), 3 Esperado (E), 4 %O/E. End-of-Run Effect: 1 Tubos. Français. Example Run: 1 Tube, 2 Duplicate CPM, 3 CPM moyen, CPM corrigé, 5 Pourcentage lié, 6 Approx. Prolactine, ng/ml, 7 Total, 8 %NSB, 9 %MB, 10 Patients, 11 Paramètres Contrôle de Qualité, 12 20% Intercept. Intraassay Precision: 1 Moyenne, 2 SD, 3 CV. Interassay Precision: 1 Moyenne, 2 SD, 3 CV. Linearity: 1 Dilution, 2 Observé (O), 3 Attendu (A), 4 %O/A, 5 8 dans 8. Recovery: 1 Solution, 2 Observé (O), Deutsch Coat-A-Count Prolaktin IRMA Anwendung: Immunradiometrischer Assay zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Prolaktin in Serum. Der Assay ist ausschließlich in der In-Vitro Diagnostik im Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen des hypophysären Status und der Infertilität einzusetzen. Artikelnummern: IKPR1 (100 Tests) Die Packung mit 100 Röhrchen enthält weniger als 20 Microcurie (740 Kilobequerel) an 125 I-monoklonalen Anti-Prolaktin. Klinische Relevanz Humanes Prolaktin ist ein Polypeptid- Hormon der vorderen Hypophyse mit einem Molekulargewicht von ca Es ist von essentieller Wichtigkeit für die Produktion von Muttermilch und kann gonadale Funktionen unterdrücken. Die genaue Definition von Prolaktin, als eine vom menschlichen Wachstumhormon zu unterscheidende Substanz, gelang erst 10 Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, )

11 1970. Seit diesem Zeitpunkt, wurde die Bestimmung von Prolaktin eine wichtige Methode in der Diagnostik der Amenorrhoe, Galactorrhoe und Hypothalamus-, bzw. Hypophysendysfunktionen. Als Referenzwertebereich für zirkulierendes Prolaktin werden in der Literatur Konzentrationen bis annähernd 20 ng/ml angegeben. Die Prolaktinspiegel sind zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt deutlich erhöht, sinken aber auf normale Erwachsenenwerte in weniger als 3 Monaten. Für Frauen werden geringfügig höhere Durchschnittswerte angegeben, mit einem leichten Anstieg während der Pubertät und ein entsprechender Abfall nach der Menopause, als für Männer. Während der Schwangerschaft steigen die Prolaktinwerte beständig bis zum 10- oder 20-fachen der Ausgangswerte an. Nach der Geburt fallen die Werte für nicht stillende Mütter innerhalb 3 Wochen auf ein normales Niveau. Bei stillenden Müttern ist der Rückgang auf normale Werte verzögert, da das Saugen des Kindes zu einem schnellen und dramatischen Anstieg der Prolaktinfreisetzung führt. Frauen die Kontrazeptiva einnehmen bzw. unter Östrogenbehandlung stehen, weisen ebenfalls erhöhte Prolaktinspiegel auf. In der Beurteilung geringfügiger Konzentrationsanstiege sollte immer berücksichtigt werden, daß Prolaktin ein Streßhormon ist. Nicht allein das Stillen sondern auch geringfügige Eingriffe wie Blutentnahme oder eine Anamnesebefragung, sind als Ursache für kurzfristige Konzentrationserhöhungen registriert worden. Überdies ist die Freisetzung von Prolaktin von Natur aus episodisch. Von Tag zu Tag wurden Fluktuationen mit Variationskoeffizienten höher als 30% beobachtet. Schließlich gibt es schlafabhängige tägliche Variationen: Die Prolaktinkonzentrationen steigen während des Schlafes und erreichen ihre niedrigsten Werte wenige Stunden nach dem Aufwachen. Die Empfehlung Proben zwischen 9,00 und 12,00 Uhr zu entnehmen, beruht auf der Annahme normaler Aufwachzeiten. Methodik Der Coat-A-Count Prolaktin IRMA ist ein Festphasen immunradiometrischer Assay (beschichtete Röhrchen) mit monoklonalen und polyklonalen anti- Prolaktin Antikörpern: Ein 125 I-markierter monoklonaler anti-prolaktin Antikörper in der flüssigen Phase und ein polyklonaler anti-prolaktin Antikörper immobilisiert auf der Wand eines Röhrchens. Testablauf: Prolaktin wird zwischen den polyklonalen auf der Wand eines Polystyrolröhrchens immobilisierten anti-prolaktin Antikörpern und dem radioaktiv markierten monoklonalen anti-prolaktin Antikörpern gebunden. Ungebundene 125 I-markierte anti-prolaktin Antikörper werden durch Dekantieren des Reaktionsgemisches und anschließendem Waschen der Röhrchen entfernt; dies reduziert die unspezifischen Bindungen sehr stark und gewährleistet eine exzellente Präzision bei niedrigen Konzentrationen. Die Prolaktin Konzentration ist der nach dem Waschen im Röhrchen verbliebenen Radioaktivität direkt proportional. Die Radioaktivität wird in einem Gamma- Counter gemessen. Die Prolaktin Konzentration in der Patientenprobe wird durch den Vergleich der gemessenen Counts pro Minute mit denen der mitgelieferten Standards unterschiedlicher Konzentration ermittelt. Zu pipettierende Reagenzien: 1 Testdauer: 2 Stunden (auf einem Schüttler) Totalaktivität zum Zeitpunkt der Markierung: ca cpm Hinweise und Vorsichtsmaßnahmen Zur In-vitro-Diagnostik. Reagenzien: Die Packung mit den Reagenzien sollte bei 2 8 C in einem Kühlschrank gelagert werden, der für radioaktives Material ausgewiesen ist. Die Entsorgung muss nach den jeweils gültigen Gesetzen erfolgen. Die Reagenzien dürfen nur bis zum Verfallsdatum verwendet werden. Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, ) 11

12 Einige Komponenten des Kits können Material humanen Ursprungs und/oder in anderer Weise gefährliche Inhaltsstoffe enthalten, die es unbedingt notwendig machen die folgenden Vorsichtsmaßnahmen einzuhalten. Die generell geltenden Vorsichtsmaßnahmen sind einzuhalten und alle Komponenten als potenziell infektiös zu behandeln. Alle aus menschlichem Blut gewonnenen Materialien wurden auf Syphilis, Antikörper gegen HIV-1 und HIV-2, Hepatitis-B-Oberflächenantigen und Hepatitis-C-Antikörper untersucht und negativ befundet. Bestimmten Komponenten wurde Natriumazid (<0,1 g/dl) hinzugefügt. Um die Bildung von explosiven Metallaziden in Blei- und Kupferrohren zu vermeiden, sollten die Reagenzien nur zusammen mit großen Wassermengen in die Kanalisation gespült werden. Wasser: Destilliertes bzw. deionisiertes Wasser benutzen. Radioaktivität Der Umgang mit radioaktivem Material ist in Deutschland genehmigungspflichtig. Deshalb muss der Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics eine Kopie der aktuellen gültigen Umgangsgenehmigung des Kunden vorliegen, bevor radioaktive Reagenzien versendet werden dürfen. Die Strahlenschutzverordnung ist zu beachten. Das radioaktive Material ist gemäß der jeweiligen Umgangsgenehmigung zu handhaben. Die Strahlenexposition ist zu minimieren. Spritzer sind sofort aufzuwischen und die betroffene Oberfläche zu dekontaminieren. Aerosolbildung ist zu vermeiden. Flüssiger und fester radioaktiver Abfall sind unter Beachtung der gültigen Richtlinien zu entsorgen. Bestandteile der Testpackung: Vorbereitung Prolaktin Antikörper-beschichtete Röhrchen (IPR1) Polystyrol Röhrchen beschichtet mit polyklonalen anti-prolaktin Antikörper von der Ziege, verpackt in wiederverschließbaren Plastikbeuteln. Kühl lagern, vor Feuchtigkeit schützen und nach dem Öffnen wieder sorgfältig verschließen. Lagerung bei 2 8 C bis zum Verfallsdatum. IKPR1: 100 Röhrchen. 125 I Prolaktin Antikörper (IPR2) 11 ml jodierte monoklonale anti-prolaktin Antikörper von der Maus. Das Reagenz wird gebrauchsfertig, in flüssiger Form geliefert. Bei 2 8 C 30 Tage nach dem Öffnen oder bis zum Verfallsdatum auf dem Etikett haltbar. IKPR1: 2 Flaschen. Prolaktin Standards (PRI3 9, X) 8 Flaschen, A H, lyophilisierte Prolaktin Standards in einer Serum/Puffer Matrix. Mindestens 30 Minuten vor dem Testansatz, den 0-Standard A mit 5 ml destilliertem oder deionisiertem Wasser und jeden restlichen Standard B H mit 2 ml destilliertem oder deionisiertem Wasser auflösen. Bei 20 C für 30 Tage nach dem Auflösen haltbar. Falls notwendig, portionieren, um wiederholtes einfrieren und auftauen zu vermeiden. IKPR1: 1 Set. Die Standards haben chargen-spezifische Werte von ca. 0; 2,5; 5; 10; 20; 50; 100 und 200 ng/ml kalibriert am World Health Organization's Third International Standard für Prolaktin 84/500. Weitere Standardkurvenpunkte können durch Mischen der Standards hergestellt werden. Die exakten Konzentrationen entnehmen Sie bitte den Etiketten der Standardflaschen. Bitte beachten: Die Coat-A-Count Prolaktin IRMA Standards können nicht mit denen in anderen Prolaktin Kits mitgelieferten ausgetauscht werden. Gepufferte Waschlösung, Konzentrat (1TSBW) 40 ml gepufferte Waschlösung, konzentriert mit Detergenzien und Konservierungsmitteln. Unter Zuhilfenahme eines Transferbehälters jede Flasche Konzentrat mit 400 ml destilliertem Wasser lösen, das Endvolumen beträgt 440 ml. Bei 2 8 C für 6 Monate nach Zubereitung stabil. IKPR1: 1 Flasche. 12 Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, )

13 Erforderliche Laborgeräte und Hilfsmittel Gammacounter kompatibel mit 12x75 mm Röhrchen Schüttler ca. 200 Zyklen pro Minute einstellen Reagenzienvorbereitung Destilliertes oder entionisiertes Wasser Volumetrische Pipetten: 2,0; 5,0 und 11,0 ml Messzylinder zum Abmessen von 400 ml Plastikbehälter mit Verschluss zur Herstellung und Lagerung der gepufferten Waschlösung Immunoassay Mikropipetten: 50 µl und 200 µl Dispenser Für die Zugabe von 2,0 ml der gepufferten Waschlösung Dekantierständer erhältlich bei Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics (Artikelnummer: FDR). Logarithmisches Papier, 3 Dekaden Immunoassay-Kontrollen (mehrere Parameter, 3 Konzentrationen) (Artikelnummer: CON6). Probengewinnung Es ist keine besondere Vorbereitung der Patienten nötig. Blutentnahme durch Venepunktion 17 in unbeschichtete Röhrchen, Hämolyse vermeiden, Trennung der Serums von den Zellen. Der Abnahmezeitpunkt sollte notiert werden. Der Einsatz einer Ultrazentrifuge wird zur Klärung von lipämischen Proben empfohlen. Bei hämolysierten Proben besteht die Möglichkeit einer unsachgemäßen Handhabung vor Eintreffen im Labor, daher sind die Ergebnisse mit Vorsicht zu interpretieren. Blutentnahmeröhrchen von verschiedenen Herstellern können differierende Werte verursachen. Dies hängt von den verwendeten Materialien und Additiven (Gel oder physische Trennbarrieren, Gerinnungsaktivatoren und /oder Antikoagulantien) ab. Coat-A-Count IRMA Prolaktin sind nicht mit allen möglichen Röhrchenvariationen ausgetestet worden. Details der getesteten Röhrchenarten sind dem Kapitel "Alternative Probenarten" zu entnehmen. Erforderliche Menge: 50 µl pro Röhrchen Lagerung: 7 Tage bei 2 8 C, oder für 3 Monate (portioniert) bei 20 C. Die Proben vor Testbeginn auf Raumtemperatur (15 28 C) bringen und vorsichtig durchmischen. Gefrorene Proben dürfen nicht durch Erhitzen im Wasserbad aufgetaut werden. Proben mit Konzentrationen von ng/ml können Prolaktin Ergebnisse unter dem höchsten Standard (200 ng/ml) hervorrufen und müssen vor der Messung mit 0-Standard verdünnt werden. Immunometrischer Assay Testdurchführung Alle Testkomponenten vor Testbeginn auf Raumtemperatur (15 28 C) bringen. 1 Jeweils 2 Prolaktin-Antikörperbeschichtete Röhrchen mit A (unspezifische Bindung, 0-Standard) und von B bis H (Maximalbindung) beschriften. Jeweils 2 weitere Antikörper-beschichtete Röhrchen für Kontrollen und Patientenproben beschriften. Wenn die Totalaktivität für die Datenreduktion erfordlich sind, jeweils 2 unbeschichtete 12x75 mm Polypropylen-Röhrchen mit T (Totalaktivität) beschriften und bis Schritt 3 beiseite stellen. Standards Ca. ng/ml T* A(NSB) 0 B 2,5 C 5 D 10 E 20 F 50 G 100 H("MB") 200 * Optional Totalaktivität Röhrchen Bitte beachten: Die Konzentrationen der Standards sind chargenspezifisch. Die exakten Werte entnehmen Sie bitte den Etiketten auf den Flaschen. Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, ) 13

14 2 50 µl der Standards, Kontrollen und Patientenserumproben in die vorbereiteten Röhrchen pipettieren. Direkt auf den Boden des Röhrchens pipettieren. Proben, in denen Konzentrationen erwartet werden, die über dem höchsten Standard (200 ng/ml) liegen, sind vor dem Einsatz in den Assay mit 0- Standard zu verdünnen. Um Verschleppung zu vermeiden, wird die Verwendung von Einmal-Pipettenspitzen empfohlen. Verdrängungspipetten, sowie automatische Pipettor- Dilutoren sollten nur verwendet werden, wenn eine mögliche Verschleppung untersucht und für vernachlässigbar befunden wurde µl of 125 I Prolaktin Antikörper in jedes Röhrchen hinzufügen. Direkt auf den Boden pipettieren. Vergewissern Sie sich, dass Probe und Tracer gut gemischt sind, ohne zu schäumen. Die Verwendung eines Dispensers wird empfohlen. Die T- Röhrchen bis zur Messung (siehe Schritt 6) beiseite stellen; sie bedürfen keiner weiteren Behandlung. 4 Für 2 Stunden auf einem Schüttler inkubieren. 5 Vollständig dekantieren und trocknen. 2 ml gepufferte Waschlösung in jedes Röhrchen geben, 1 2 Minuten warten, dann vollständig dekantieren. Nochmals 2 ml gepufferte Waschlösung in jedes Röhrchen geben, 1 2 Minuten warten und erneut vollständig dekantieren. Vollständiges Entfernen der Flüssigkeit verbessert die Präzision deutlich. Nach dem 2. Waschgang, mit Hilfe eines Dekantierständers alle Röhrchen (außer die T-Röhrchen) dekantieren und 2-3 Minuten umgedreht stehen lassen. Anschließend werden die Röhrchen kräftig auf Fließpapier ausgeklopft, um alle restlichen Tröpfchen zu entfernen. 6 Alle Röhrchen 1 Minute im Gamma- Counter messen. In Mehrkanal-Gamma-Countern sollten die T-Röhrchen mindestens 1 Position Abstand von den übrigen Teströhrchen haben, um ein Spillover zu vermeiden. Berechnung und Qualitätskontrolle Um die Konzentrationen aus der Log-Log Darstellung der Standardkurve abzulesen werden zunächst der Mittelwert jedes Röhrchenpaars, bereinigt um den Mittelwert der NSB (Standard A) Counts pro Minute (cpm) berechnet: Netto CPM = Mittelwert CPM minus Mittelwert NSB CPM Anschließend wird die Bindung jedes Röhrchenpaars als Prozent der Maximalbindung (MB, B max ) bestimmt (%B/MB). Hierzu werden die korrigierten NSB Counts des höchsten Standards als 100% gesetzt: Prozentbindung = (Netto Counts / Netto MB Counts) 100 Die Prozentbindungen der Standards werden gegen die Konzentration auf Logarithmenpapier mit je 3 Dekaden aufgetragen und durch eine Kurve mit bestmöglicher Annäherung an diese Punkte verbunden. (Die einzelnen Standardpunkte sollten jeweils mit einem Bogen oder einer geraden Linie aber nicht durch eine gerade Linie durch alle Punkte verbunden werden.) Prolaktin Konzentrationen innerhalb des Konzentrationsbereichs der Standards können an der Kurve durch Interpolation abgelesen werden. Die Prozentbindungen der drei niedrigsten Standards können zusätzlich auf linearem Papier gegen die Konzentration aufgetragen werden, um durch Interpolation Ergebnisse in der Nähe von 0 genauer zu ermitteln. Hinweis: Obwohl auch andere Verfahren akzeptabel sind, hat die beschriebene Berechnung der Daten Vorteile im Sinne der Qualitätskontrolle. Man erhält eine Standardkurve, die sowohl in der Log-Log, als auch in der Lin-Lin Darstellung weitgehend linear verläuft und sich von Ansatz zu Ansatz nur wenig verändert. Man erhält so auch wichtige Parameter für die Qualitätskontrolle wie die Prozentbindungen der Standards mit Konzentrationen ungleich 0 (%B/B max oder "%B/MB"). Mehr Informationen über die Intra-Assay-Präzision als Funktion der Konzentration vermittelt die direkte Darstellung der Prozentbindung jedes einzelnen Standard-röhrchens und nicht des Mittelwertes. 14 Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, )

15 Alternative Berechnung: Obwohl die Berechnung der Prozentbindung auch direkt aus dem Mittelwert der CPM erfolgen kann, führt die Korrektur um die NSB normalerweise eher zu einer über den gesamten Messbereich linear verlaufenden Kurve. Eine Standardkurve kann auch durch das direkte Auftragen der CPM, bzw. mittleren CPM gegen die Konzentration auf Log-Log oder Lin-Lin Papier erstellt werden. (Halblogarithmisches Papier sollte nicht verwendet werden.) Dieses Verfahren ist zwar einfacher, aber weniger hilfreich für die Qualitätskontrolle von Lauf zu Lauf. Computergestützte Berechnung: "Punkt-zu-Punkt" Methoden, insbesondere lineare und kubische-spline Berechnungen können für den Coat-A- Count Prolaktin IRMA angewendet werden. Auch wenn die Berechnung durch ein Computerprogramm erfolgt, ist die grafische Log-Log Darstellung der Standardkurve (manuell oder automatisch) als ein weiterer Schritt der Qualitätskontrolle empfehlenswert. Für die Berechnung der Daten sind auch sog. logistische Verfahren anwendbar. Aus dieser Gruppe sind die 4- oder 5- Parameter Logistik am besten geeignet. Es ist zu berücksichtigen, dass manche der üblichen Algorithmen sich nicht erfolgreich annähern, selbst wenn logistische Modelle die Daten richtig erfassen. Wird ein logistisches Verfahren angenommen, ist es in jedem Fall erforderlich, die Korrektheit des täglichen Ansatzes mit Hilfe der Rückberechnung der Standards und anderer Parameter zu beurteilen. Zusätzlich wird die grafische Darstellung in Log-Log-Form empfohlen, da diese mehr Informationen bietet als die konventionelle halblogarithmische Darstellung. Proben-Handhabung: Die Anweisungen zur Handhabung und Lagerung von Proben und Komponenten müssen beachtet werden. Patientenproben mit erwarteten Konzentrationen über dem höchsten Standard (200 ng/ml) müssen vor dem Einsatz in den Test mit 0- Standard verdünnt werden. Alle Proben, inklusive Standards und Kontrollen, sollten in Doppelbestimmung gemessen werden. Um Verschleppung zu vermeiden ist es wichtig, Pipetten mit Einwegspitzen zu verwenden und diese zwischen den Proben zu wechseln. Verdrängungspipetten, sowie automatische Pipettor- Dilutoren sollten nur verwendet werden, wenn eine mögliche Verschleppung untersucht und für vernachlässigbar befunden wurde. Kontrollpaare sollten an verschiedenen Stellen des Testansatzes platziert werden, um eine eventuelle Drift zu erkennen. Die Einzelergebnisse der Duplikate sollten auf Übereinstimmung überprüft und Verschleppung von Probe zu Probe vermieden. Gamma Counter: In Mehrkanal-Gamma- Countern sollten die T-Röhrchen mindestens 1 Position Abstand von den übrigen Teströhrchen haben, um ein Spillover zu vermeiden. Alternativ können auch nur 25 µl in die Röhrchen mit der Totalaktivität im Schritt 3 pipettiert und anschließend die CPM mit dem Faktor 4 multipliziert werden. Kontrollen: Kontrollen mit mindestens 2 Prolaktin Konzentrationen (niedrig und hoch) sollten routinemäßig als unbekannte Proben eingesetzt und von Tag zu Tag protokolliert werden. Wiederholungsmessungen von Proben sind ein wertvolles Hilfsmittel in der Beurteilung der Interassay Präzision. Qualitätskontroll-Parameter: Es wird empfohlen die folgenden Parameter zu protokollieren: T = Total Counts (als Counts pro Minute) %NSB = 100 (Mittlere NSB Counts / Total Counts) %MB = 100 (Net MB Counts / Total Counts) Und die Prozentbindungen (%B/B max oder "%B/MB") aller Standards mit Ausnahme des höchsten Standards, zum Beispiel: %C/MB = 100 (Netto Standard "C" Counts / Net MB Counts) Aufzeichnungen: Es ist gute Laborpraxis die Chargennummern, sowie das Datum der ersten Öffnung bzw. Rekonstitution der verwendeten Komponenten zu protokollieren. Literatur: Siehe auch: Dudley RA, et al. Guidelines for immunoassay data reduction. Clin Chem 1985;31: Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, ) 15

16 Auswertebeispiel: Dieses Beispiel dient nur zur Veranschaulichung und ist nicht dazu geeignet Werte aus einem anderen Testansatz damit zu ermitteln. Aufgrund der Chargenabhängigkeit der Standardkonzentrationen müssen die in der rechten Spalte der Tabelle gelisteten Konzentrationen nicht mit den Konzentrationen in Ihrer Lieferung übereinstimmen. (siehe Tabelle "Example Run"). Referenzwerte In einem großen unabhängigen Krankenhauslabor wurden Messungen mit dem Coat-A-Count Prolaktin IRMA mit den folgenden Ergebnissen in ng/ml durchgeführt. Absolut 95% Gruppe Median Bereich Bereich n Erwachsene Männer 6,6 3,1 16,5 19 Erwachsene Frauen 7,8 3,6 18,9 70 Im Labor sollten diese Ergebnisse lediglich als Richtwerte betrachtet werden. Jedes Labor sollte seine eigenen Referenzbereiche etablieren. Leistungsdaten Die folgenden Abschnitte zeigen repräsentative Daten für Coat-A-Count Prolaktin IRMA. Die Ergebnisse sind in ng/ml angegeben. Um von ng/ml in miu/l im Sinne der World Health Organization's Third International Standard für Prolaktin, Nummer 84/500, umzurechnen, ist mit 21,2 multiplizieren. Umrechnungsfaktor: ng/ml 21,2 miu/l [WHO 3rd IS 84/500] Messbereich: Bis 200 ng/ml [WHO 3rd IS 84/500] Die Standards sind chargenspezifisch Analytische Sensitivität: 0,1 ng/ml High-Dose-Hook-Effect: Tritt bis ng/ml nicht auf Intraassay-Präzision: Statistische Berechnung der Ergebnisse von Proben, die in 20 Röhrchenpaaren in einem Ansatz gemessen wurden. (Siehe Tabelle Intraassay-Precision.) Interassay-Präzision: Statistische Berechnung der Ergebnisse von Proben, die in 20 Röhrchenpaaren in verschiedenen Ansätzen gemessen wurden. (Siehe Tabelle Interassay- Precision.) "End of Run" Effekt: Tritt bis ca. 200 Röhrchen nicht auf. (siehe Tabelle "End-of-Run Effect".) Linearität: Proben wurden in verschiedenen Verdünnungen getestet. (Repräsentative Daten entnehmen Sie bitte der Tabelle Linearität.) Wiederfindung: Proben wurden 1:19 mit 3 Prolaktin Lösungen (500, und ng/ml) versetzt und gemessen. (Repräsentative Daten entnehmen Sie bitte der Tabelle Recovery.) Spezifität: Das in diesem Testbesteck verwendete Antiserum ist hochspezifisch mit niedrigen Kreuzreaktivitäten zu anderen Glykoproteinhormonen, wie FSH, HCG, LH, TSH, hgh und HPL. Bilirubin: Bilirubin hat in Konzentrationen bis zu 200 mg/l keinen Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse, der größer als die Impräzision des Assays selbst ist. Hämolyse: Erythrozytenkonzentrate haben in Konzentrationen bis zu 30 µl/ml keinen Einfluss auf die Messung, der größer als die Impräzision des Assays selbst ist. Lipämie: Triglyceride haben in Konzentrationen bis zu mg/dl keinen Einfluss auf die Ergebnisse, der größer als die Impräzision des Assays selbst ist. Alternativer Probentyp: Um die Auswirkungen von verschiedenen Probenarten zu untersuchen, wurde Blut von 27 Freiwilligen in Röhrchen ohne Additiva, in Heparin-, EDTA- und Becton Dickinson SST Vacutainer-Rörchen gesammelt. Alle Proben wurden mit dem Coat-A-Count Prolaktin IRMA Assay mit den nachfolgend aufgeführten Ergebnissen bestimmt. (EDTA) = 0,87 (Serum) + 0,31 ng/ml r = 1,0 (Heparin) = 0,89 (Serum) + 0,21 ng/ml r = 1,0 (SST) = 0,97 (einfachen Röhrchen) + 0,26 ng/ml r = 1,0 16 Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, )

17 Mittelwerte: 8,7 ng/ml (Serum) 7,9 ng/ml (EDTA) 7,9 ng/ml (Heparin) 8,7 ng/ml (SST) Methodenvergleich: Für den Methodenvergleich wurden Daten aus 3 verschiedenen Studien kombiniert. Insgesamt wurden 157 Patientenproben im Coat-A-Count Prolaktin IRMA Verfahren und dem Doppel-Antikörper Prolaktin Kit verglichen. Berechnung der linearen Regression: (CAC IRMA) = 0,97 (DA) + 2,3 ng/ml r = 0,990 Mittelwerte: 16,9 ng/ml (Coat-A-Count IRMA) 15,0 ng/ml (Double Antibody) In einer weiteren Studie, wurden 159 Patientenproben mit dem Coat-A-Count Prolaktin IRMA und dem Coat-A-Count Prolaktin verglichen. Berechnung der linearen Regression: (CAC IRMA) = 0,95 (CAC) + 0,46 ng/ml r = 0,989 Mittelwerte: 12,0 ng/ml (Coat-A-Count IRMA) 12,2 ng/ml (Double Antibody) Anwendungsberatung Bei Rückfragen wenden Sie sich bitte an Ihre Niederlassung. Das Qualitätsmanagement-System der Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc. ist zertifiziert nach DIN EN ISO 13485:2003. Español Coat-A-Count Prolactina IRMA Utilidad del análisis: Coat-A-Count Prolactina IRMA es un ensayo radioinmunométrico diseñado para la determinación cuantitativa de prolactina en suero. Su uso es estrictamente para diagnóstico in vitro, como una ayuda en la investigación del estado de la hipófisis y la infertilidad. Referencia: IKPR1 (100 tubos) El kit de 100 tubos contiene menos de 20 microcurios (740 kilobequerelios) de un anticuerpo monoclonal anti-prolactina marcado con 125 I radiactivo. Resumen y Explicación del Test La prolactina humana es una hormona polipeptídica de la hipófisis anterior, con un peso molecular de daltons. Juega un papel esencial en la secreción de la leche y tiene la habilidad de suprimir la función gonadal. La existencia de la prolactina como una sustancia distinta de la hormona de crecimiento humana fue demostrada en Desde esa fecha, la determinación de prolactina se ha convertido en una herramienta importante en la investigación de la amenorrea, la galactorrea y las enfermedades hipotalámicas-hipofisiarias. Como rango de normalidad de la prolactina sérica, las publicaciones sugieren concentraciones hasta aproximadamente 20 ng/ml. Los niveles de prolactina son elevados en el nacimiento y van cayendo hasta los niveles adultos en menos de tres meses. Las mujeres tienen niveles significativamente superiores que los varones, con una elevación en la pubertad aparentemente relacionada con los estrógenos y una drástica caída en la menopausia. Durante el embarazo, el nivel de prolactina se eleva entre diez y veinte veces su valor, volviendo a caer por debajo de la normalidad después del parto en un periodo de tres semanas en mujeres que no dan el pecho. En las que dan el pecho, la caída a los valores normales es más gradual porque la succión induce la liberación de prolactina. Las mujeres que toman anticonceptivos orales o que están bajo terapia estrogénica pueden tener niveles de prolactina por encima de lo normal. Debe tenerse en cuenta el significado de un incremento moderado, ya que la prolactina es una hormona de estrés, elevándose transitoriamente, no sólo en los procesos quirúrgicos, sino también en circunstancias menos traumáticas como la venipunción o las pruebas clínicas. Además, la secreción de prolactina es pulsátil, habiéndose encontrado fluctuaciones diarias con CVs superiores al 30%. Finalmente, hay una variación Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, ) 17

18 diurna relacionada con el sueño: los niveles de prolactina se incrementan durante el sueño y alcanzan su valor más bajo unas horas después de despertarse. La advertencia de tomar las muestras entre las nueve y las doce del mediodía se debe a que se asume que los individuos hace tiempo que están despiertos. Principio del análisis Coat-A-Count Prolactina IRMA es un ensayo radioinmunométrico en fase sólida basado en anticuerpos monoclonales y policlonales anti-prolactina: anticuerpo monoclonal anti-prolactina marcado con 125 I en fase líquida y anticuerpo policlonal anti-prolactina inmovilizado en la pared de un tubo de poliestireno. En el procedimiento: La prolactina es capturada entre los anticuerpos policlonales anti-prolactina que están inmovilizados en la superficie interna del tubo de poliestireno y el trazador monoclonal anti-prolactina marcado radiactivamente. El anticuerpo anti-prolactina marcado con 125 I no unido se remueve decantando la mezcla de reacción y lavando el tubo; esto reduce la unión inespecífica a un nivel muy bajo, y asegura una precisión excelente a concentraciones bajas. La concentración de prolactina es directamente proporcional a la radiactividad presente en el tubo después del paso de lavado. La radiactividad se cuenta en un contador gama, después de lo cual se obtiene la concentración de prolactina en la muestra del paciente comparando las cuentas por minuto del paciente con aquellas obtenidas con el juego de calibradores suministrados. Reactivos a pipetear: 1 Tiempo total de incubación: 2 horas (en un agitador de gradillas) Cuentas totales en la iodización: aproximadamente cpm Advertencias y precauciones Para uso diagnóstico in vitro. Reactivos: Almacenar a 2 8 C en una cámara preparada para almacenar material radiactivo. Desechar de acuerdo a la legislación en vigor. No usar los reactivos después de su fecha de caducidad. Algunos componentes suministrados en el kit pueden contener material de origen humano y/o otros componentes potencialmente peligrosos que necesitan ciertas precauciones. Siga las precauciones universales y manipule todos los componentes como si fueran capaces de transmitir agentes infecciosos. Los materiales derivados de sangre humana han sido analizados y son negativos para sífilis; para anticuerpos frente al VIH 1 y 2; para el antígeno de superficie de hepatitis B y para los anticuerpos de hepatitis C. Se ha usado Azida sódica, en concentraciones menores de 0,1 g/dl, como conservante. Para su eliminación, lavar con grandes cantidades de agua para evitar la constitución de residuos de azidas metalicas, potencialmente explosivas, en las cañerías de cobre y plomo. Agua: Usar agua destilada o desionizada. Radiactividad Una copia de cualquier certificado de licencia de radioisótopos (específico o general) emitido a la aduana de los EE.UU. se registrará en los ficheros de Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics antes de que se puedan enviar kits o componentes conteniendo material radiactivo. Estos materiales radiactivos pueden adquirirse por cualquier cliente con la licencia específica apropiada. Con una licencia general, estos materiales radiactivos pueden adquirirse sólo por médicos, veterinarios en la práctica de la medicina veterinaria, laboratorios clínicos y hospitales y estrictamente para la clínica in vitro o tests de laboratorio que no conlleven la administración interna o externa de material radiactivo o su radiación a humanos u otros animales. Su adquisición, recepción, almacenaje, uso, trasferencia y desecho están regulados y se expenderá una licencia (general o específica) de la Comisión Nuclear de EE.UU. o de un Estado con el NRC para su consiguiente control. Manejar los materiales radiactivos de acuerdo a los requerimientos de su 18 Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, )

19 licencia general o específica. Para minimizar la exposición a la radiación, el usuario debe adherirse al cuarto conjunto de guías publicadas por el National Bureau of Standards con el nombre Safe Handling of Radioactive Materials (Handbook No. 92, issued March 9, 1964) y en las consiguientes publicaciones de las autoridades Federales o Estatales. Limpiar y decontaminar rápidamente las superficies afectadas. Evitar la generación de aerosoles. Eliminar los residuos sólidos radiactivos de acuerdo con los requerimientos de su licencia. Licencias generales (NRC Form 483) pueden eliminar sus residuos sólidos radiactivos como residuos no radiactivos, después de retirar las etiquetas. Licencias específicas (NRC Form 313) se deben referir al Título 10, Código de Regulaciones Federales, Parte 20. Las licencias en Estados Asociados deben referirse a las normativas de su correspondiente Estado. Licencias generales pueden eliminar sus residuos líquidos radiactivos contenidos en este tipo de productos como cualquier otro material líquido, quitando las etiquetas de los contenedores y procesándolos como residuos sólidos. Licencias específicas pueden eliminar pequeñas cantidades de residuos líquidos radiactivos contenidos en este tipo de productos como cualquier otro material líquido. Refiérase a la normativa aplicable a su laboratorio. Materiales Suministrados: Preparación Inicial Tubos recubiertos de anticuerpo frente a la Prolactina (IPR1) Tubos de poliestireno recubiertos con un anticuerpo policlonal de cabra antiprolactina y embalados en bolsas de cierre hermético. Almacenar refrigerados y protegidos de la condensación, cerrando cuidadosamente las bolsas después de su uso. Estable a 2 8 C hasta la fecha de caducidad impresa en la bolsa. IKPR1: 100 tubos. 125 I Prolactina Ab (IPR2) 11 ml de anticuerpo monoclonal murino anti-prolactina yodado. El reactivo se suministra en forma líquida, listo para usar. Estable a 2 8 C durante 30 días después de su apertura, o hasta la fecha de caducidad impresa en el etiqueta. IKPR1: 2 viales. Calibradores de Prolactina (PRI3 9, X) Ocho frascos, marcados de A a H, de calibradores de prolactina liofilizados en una matriz de suero/solución amortiguadora. 30 minutos, como mínimo, antes de su uso: reconstituir el calibrador cero A con 5,0 ml de agua destilada y los calibradores restantes B a H con 2,0 ml de agua destilada. Estable a 20 C durante 30 días tras su reconstitución. Si es necesario alicuotar, para evitar repetidas congelaciones y descongelaciones. IKPR1: 1 juego. Los calibradores tienen valores loteespecíficos de aproximadamente 0, 2,5, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 y 200 nanogramos de prolactina por mililitro (ng/ml) en términos del Tercer Estándar Internacional para Prolactina de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, número 84/500. Se pueden obtener los puntos de calibración intermedios mezclando los calibradores en las proporciones adecuadas. Ver las etiquetas de cada vial de calibrador para conocer el valor en ng/ml. Note que los calibradores Coat-A-Count Prolactina IRMA no son intercambiables con aquellos suministrados en otros kits para Prolactina. Concentrado de Solución Amortiguadora de Lavado (1TSBW) 40 ml de solución salina amortiguadora, con surfactantes y conservante. Utilizando un depósito de transferencia, diluir el contenido de cada frasco con 400 ml de agua destilada, para un volumen total de 440 ml. Almacenar refrigerado. Estable a 2 8 C durante 6 meses después de la preparación. IKPR1: 1 vial. Materiales Requeridos pero no suministrados Contador Gamma compatible con tubos estándar de 12 x 75 mm Agitador configurado para dar aproximadamente 200 sacudidas por minuto Preparación del Reactivo Agua destilada o desionizada Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, ) 19

20 Pipetas volumétricas: 2,0, 5,0 y 11,0 ml Probeta graduada para dispensar 400 ml Depósito para almacenamiento de plástico con tapa para la preparación y almacenaje de la Solución Amortiguadora de Lavado. Inmunoensayo Micropipetas: 50 µl y 200 µl Dispensador para dispensar 2,0 ml de Solución Amortiguadora de Lavado Gradilla de espuma disponible en Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics (Referencia: FDR). Papel para gráfica log-log de 3 ciclos Un control de inmunoensayo de tres niveles con base de suero humano, conteniendo prolactina junto con más de otros 25 analitos que puede obtenerse en Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics (Referencia: CON6). Recogida de la muestra El paciente no necesita estar en ayunas así como tampoco cualquier otro tipo de preparación. Recoger la sangre por venipunción 17 en tubos limpios, evitando la hemólisis, y separar el suero de las células. Se deberá registrar la hora en que se tomó la muestra. Se recomienda el uso de una ultracentrífuga para aclarar las muestras lipémicas. Las muestras hemolizadas podrían indicar una mala manipulación de la muestra antes de ser recibida por el laboratorio; en este caso, los resultados deben interpretarse con precaución. Los tubos para recoger sangre de distintos fabricantes pueden producir valores diferentes, dependiendo del material del tubo y de los aditivos, incluyendo barreras de gel o barreras físicas, activadores de la coagulación y/o anticoagulantes. El Prolactina Coat-A- Count IRMA no ha sido analizado con todos los distintos tipos de tubos. Para obtener detalles sobre los tipos tubos que se han analizado, consulte la sección de Tipos de Muestras Alternativos. Volumen requerido: 50 µl por tubo. Conservación: 2 8 C durante 7 días, o hasta 3 meses (alicuotados) a 20 C. Antes del ensayo, llevar todas las muestras a temperatura ambiente (15 28 C) y mezclar por inversión. No intentar la descongelación de muestras congeladas calentándolas en un baño de agua. Note que las muestras con concentraciones de prolactina mayores de ng/ml pueden producir resultados de prolactina aparentes menores que el del calibrador más alto del kit (200 ng/ml). Las muestras que se espere que excedan esta concentración se deberán diluir con el calibrador cero antes del análisis. Ensayo Immunometrico Todos los componentes deben llevarse a temperatura ambiente (15 28 C) antes de su uso. 1 Marcar por duplicado dieciséis tubos recubiertos con anticuerpo antiprolactina como A (unión no específica) y B a H ( unión máxima ). Marcar otros tubos recubiertos con anticuerpo, también por duplicado, para los controles y las muestras del paciente. Si se requieren tubos de Cuentas Totales para la reducción de datos, marcar dos tubos de poliestireno (sin recubrir) como T (Cuentas Totales) y dejarlos a un lado hasta el paso 3. Aproximado Calibradores ng/ml T* A(NSB) 0 B 2,5 C 5 D 10 E 20 F 50 G 100 H("MB") 200 *Tubos opcionales para cuentas totales Nota: Los valores de los calibradores son lote específicos. Ver las etiquetas de cada vial de calibrador para conocer el valor en ng/ml. 20 Coat-A-Count Prolactin IRMA (PIIKPR-9, )

Coat-A-Count LH IRMA. English. Summary and Explanation of the Test

Coat-A-Count LH IRMA. English. Summary and Explanation of the Test LH IRMA Coat-A-Count LH IRMA English Intended Use: Coat-A-Count LH IRMA is an immunoradiometric assay designed for the quantitative measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH, lutropin) in serum and heparinized

Leia mais

Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA. English. Principle of the Procedure. Summary and Explanation of the Test. Warnings and Precautions

Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA. English. Principle of the Procedure. Summary and Explanation of the Test. Warnings and Precautions TSH IRMA Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA English Intended Use: Coat-A-Count TSH IRMA is an immunoradiometric assay designed for the quantitative measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH) in serum.

Leia mais

Coat-A-Count Aldosterone

Coat-A-Count Aldosterone Aldosterone Coat-A-Count Aldosterone English Intended Use: Coat-A-Count Aldosterone is a solid-phase 125 I radioimmunoassay designed for the quantitative measurement of aldosterone levels in unextracted

Leia mais

VGM. VGM information. ALIANÇA VGM WEB PORTAL USER GUIDE June 2016

VGM. VGM information. ALIANÇA VGM WEB PORTAL USER GUIDE June 2016 Overview The Aliança VGM Web portal is an application that enables you to submit VGM information directly to Aliança via our e-portal Web page. You can choose to enter VGM information directly, or to download

Leia mais

Aus Satz 222 (5) (Folie 6) wissen wir, dass

Aus Satz 222 (5) (Folie 6) wissen wir, dass V 3 = V 4 : Sei Zu zeigen ist, dass Es gilt, dass ( ) fn n 0 V 3. ( ) fn n 0 V 4. F (z) = k g i (z) (1 α i z) d i i=1 deg ( g i (z) ) < d i. Aus Satz 222 (5) (Folie 6) wissen wir, dass 1 (1 x) c = ( )

Leia mais

Welcome to Lesson A of Story Time for Portuguese

Welcome to Lesson A of Story Time for Portuguese Portuguese Lesson A Welcome to Lesson A of Story Time for Portuguese Story Time is a program designed for students who have already taken high school or college courses or students who have completed other

Leia mais

BR-EMS MORTALITY AND SUVIVORSHIP LIFE TABLES BRAZILIAN LIFE INSURANCE AND PENSIONS MARKET

BR-EMS MORTALITY AND SUVIVORSHIP LIFE TABLES BRAZILIAN LIFE INSURANCE AND PENSIONS MARKET BR-EMS MORTALITY AND SUVIVORSHIP LIFE TABLES BRAZILIAN LIFE INSURANCE AND PENSIONS MARKET 2015 1 e-mail:mario@labma.ufrj.br Tables BR-EMS, mortality experience of the Brazilian Insurance Market, were constructed,

Leia mais

Erasmus Student Work Placement

Erasmus Student Work Placement Erasmus Student Work Placement EMPLOYER INFORMATION Name of organisation Address Post code Country SPORT LISBOA E BENFICA AV. GENERAL NORTON DE MATOS, 1500-313 LISBOA PORTUGAL Telephone 21 721 95 09 Fax

Leia mais

UPGRADE Engineering Bulletin Dec 02

UPGRADE Engineering Bulletin Dec 02 MVA Series UPGRADE Engineering Bulletin Dec 0 MVA Surface Mount High CV Vertical Chip Solvent Proof (-6V) 85 C Maximum Temperature Actual Size The MVA series is a general purpose 85 C surface mount capacitor

Leia mais

Coat-A-Count. Cortisol. English. Principle of the Procedure The Coat-A-Count Cortisol procedure is a solid-phase radioimmunoassay, wherein 125

Coat-A-Count. Cortisol. English. Principle of the Procedure The Coat-A-Count Cortisol procedure is a solid-phase radioimmunoassay, wherein 125 Cortisol Coat-A-Count Cortisol English Intended Use: Coat-A-Count Cortisol is a radioimmunoassay designed for the quantitative measurement of cortisol (hydrocortisone, Compound F) in serum, urine and heparinized

Leia mais

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education *5148359301* PORTUGUESE 0540/03 Paper 3 Speaking Role Play Card One 1 March 30 April 2013 No

Leia mais

Coat-A-Count DHEA-SO 4

Coat-A-Count DHEA-SO 4 DHEA-SO4 Coat-A-Count DHEA-SO 4 English Intended Use: Coat-A-Count DHEA-SO 4 is a radioimmunoassay designed for the quantitative measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO 4 ) in serum and

Leia mais

UNIDADE DE PESQUISA CLÍNICA Centro de Medicina Reprodutiva Dr Carlos Isaia Filho Ltda. SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH

UNIDADE DE PESQUISA CLÍNICA Centro de Medicina Reprodutiva Dr Carlos Isaia Filho Ltda. SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH Duolao Wang; Ameet Bakhai; Angelo Del Buono; Nicola Maffulli Muscle, Tendons and Ligaments Journal, 2013 Santiago A. Tobar L., Dsc. Why to determine the

Leia mais

Coat-A-Count. Free T3. English. Principle of the Procedure. Summary and Explanation

Coat-A-Count. Free T3. English. Principle of the Procedure. Summary and Explanation Free T3 Coat-A-Count Free T3 English Intended Use: Coat-A-Count Free T3 is a solid-phase 125 I radioimmunoassay designed for the quantitative measurement of free T3 levels in serum. It is intended strictly

Leia mais

A Aviação no Comércio Europeu de Licenças de Emissão Especificidades para pequenos emissores

A Aviação no Comércio Europeu de Licenças de Emissão Especificidades para pequenos emissores A Aviação no Comércio Europeu de Licenças de Emissão Especificidades para pequenos emissores Departamento de Alterações Climáticas, Ar e Ruído (DACAR) Divisão de Poluição Atmosférica e Alterações Climáticas

Leia mais

Digital Cartographic Generalization for Database of Cadastral Maps

Digital Cartographic Generalization for Database of Cadastral Maps Mariane Alves Dal Santo marianedalsanto@udesc.br Francisco Henrique de Oliveira chicoliver@yahoo.com.br Carlos Loch cloch@ecv.ufsc.br Laboratório de Geoprocessamento GeoLab Universidade do Estado de Santa

Leia mais

Serviços: API REST. URL - Recurso

Serviços: API REST. URL - Recurso Serviços: API REST URL - Recurso URLs reflectem recursos Cada entidade principal deve corresponder a um recurso Cada recurso deve ter um único URL Os URLs referem em geral substantivos URLs podem reflectir

Leia mais

Prova de Seleção Mestrado LINGUA INGLESA 15/02/2016

Prova de Seleção Mestrado LINGUA INGLESA 15/02/2016 Prova de Seleção Mestrado LINGUA INGLESA 15/02/2016 Instruções aos candidatos: (1) Preencher somente o número de inscrição em todas as folhas. (2) Usar caneta preta ou azul. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Leia mais

Vaporpunk - A fazenda-relógio (Portuguese Edition)

Vaporpunk - A fazenda-relógio (Portuguese Edition) Vaporpunk - A fazenda-relógio (Portuguese Edition) Octavio Aragão Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Vaporpunk - A fazenda-relógio (Portuguese Edition) Octavio Aragão Vaporpunk - A

Leia mais

As 100 melhores piadas de todos os tempos (Portuguese Edition)

As 100 melhores piadas de todos os tempos (Portuguese Edition) As 100 melhores piadas de todos os tempos (Portuguese Edition) Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically As 100 melhores piadas de todos os tempos (Portuguese Edition) As 100 melhores piadas

Leia mais

Intellectual Property. IFAC Formatting Guidelines. Translated Handbooks

Intellectual Property. IFAC Formatting Guidelines. Translated Handbooks Intellectual Property IFAC Formatting Guidelines Translated Handbooks AUTHORIZED TRANSLATIONS OF HANDBOOKS PUBLISHED BY IFAC Formatting Guidelines for Use of Trademarks/Logos and Related Acknowledgements

Leia mais

INFORMATION SECURITY IN ORGANIZATIONS

INFORMATION SECURITY IN ORGANIZATIONS INFORMATION SECURITY IN ORGANIZATIONS Ana Helena da Silva, MCI12017 Cristiana Coelho, MCI12013 2 SUMMARY 1. Introduction 2. The importance of IT in Organizations 3. Principles of Security 4. Information

Leia mais

E S C O L A A L E M Ã C O R C O V A D O D E U T S C H E S C H U L E

E S C O L A A L E M Ã C O R C O V A D O D E U T S C H E S C H U L E Voranmeldung neuer Schüler an der Deutschen Schule Rio de Janeiro Anleitung zur Online-Einschreibung Übersicht 1. Zugang zum Anmeldeportal... 1 1.1. Anmeldung... 2 1.1.1. Angaben über die Schülerin/den

Leia mais

CRIMP OD & PRODUCT GUIDE HOSE ID

CRIMP OD & PRODUCT GUIDE HOSE ID .50 0.58 0.660.049 05022C50** E05C E05E 0.60 0.676.049 05022CS** 05C 05E 0.62 0.692.049 (.688 ) CF50C CF50E 0.64 0.707.049 05024C50** 0.66 0.723.049 05024CS** 0.68 0.738.049 (.750 ) 0.70 0.754.049 05026C50**

Leia mais

DUTOPLAST DO BRASIL INDÚSTRIA DE PLÁSTICOS LTDA.

DUTOPLAST DO BRASIL INDÚSTRIA DE PLÁSTICOS LTDA. À DUTOPLAST DO BRASIL INDÚSTRIA DE PLÁSTICOS LTDA. Rua São Teodoro, 862 Itaquera São Paulo / SP CEP. 08.290-000 N/ REF. : CBB 2170440/2007 Candeias/BA, 23 de abril de 2007 At.: Sra. Rosy Cristina Ref.:

Leia mais

NORMAS PARA AUTORES. As normas a seguir descritas não dispensam a leitura do Regulamento da Revista Portuguesa de Marketing, disponível em www.rpm.pt.

NORMAS PARA AUTORES. As normas a seguir descritas não dispensam a leitura do Regulamento da Revista Portuguesa de Marketing, disponível em www.rpm.pt. NORMAS PARA AUTORES As normas a seguir descritas não dispensam a leitura do Regulamento da Revista Portuguesa de Marketing, disponível em www.rpm.pt. COPYRIGHT Um artigo submetido à Revista Portuguesa

Leia mais

75, 8.º DTO 1250-068 LISBOA

75, 8.º DTO 1250-068 LISBOA EAbrief: Medida de incentivo ao emprego mediante o reembolso da taxa social única EAbrief: Employment incentive measure through the unique social rate reimbursement Portaria n.º 229/2012, de 03 de Agosto

Leia mais

Como testar componentes eletrônicos - volume 1 (Portuguese Edition)

Como testar componentes eletrônicos - volume 1 (Portuguese Edition) Como testar componentes eletrônicos - volume 1 (Portuguese Edition) Renato Paiotti Newton C. Braga Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Como testar componentes eletrônicos - volume 1

Leia mais

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education PORTUGUESE 0540/03

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education PORTUGUESE 0540/03 UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education PORTUGUESE 0540/03 Paper 3 Speaking/Listening Role Play Card One No Additional Materials are

Leia mais

Coat-A-Count. Estradiol. English. Principle of the Procedure. Summary and Explanation. Warnings and Precautions

Coat-A-Count. Estradiol. English. Principle of the Procedure. Summary and Explanation. Warnings and Precautions Estradiol Coat-A-Count Estradiol English Intended Use: Coat-A-Count Estradiol is a no-extraction, solid-phase 125 I radioimmunoassay designed for in vitro diagnostic use in the quantitative measurement

Leia mais

ICS-GT INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR GAS TURBINE

ICS-GT INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR GAS TURBINE ICS-GT INTEGRATED CONTROL SYSTEM FOR GAS TURBINE ICS Gas Turbine Complete Control ICS-GT control system is an plc-based, integrated solution for gas turbine control and protection. The ICS-GT control system

Leia mais

Lesson 6 Notes. Eu tenho um irmão e uma irmã Talking about your job. Language Notes

Lesson 6 Notes. Eu tenho um irmão e uma irmã Talking about your job. Language Notes Lesson 6 Notes Eu tenho um irmão e uma irmã Talking about your job Welcome to Fun With Brazilian Portuguese Podcast, the podcast that will take you from beginner to intermediate in short, easy steps. These

Leia mais

MINIKIT. 20-500 mg/l Na 2 SO 3 L414350 EN PT ES. Sulfite HR Sulfito HR Sulfito HR

MINIKIT. 20-500 mg/l Na 2 SO 3 L414350 EN PT ES. Sulfite HR Sulfito HR Sulfito HR MINIKIT 20-500 mg/l Na 2 L414350 EN PT ES Sulfite HR Sulfito HR Sulfito HR EN Introduction The Sulfite High Range MINIKIT provides a simple means of checking sulfite levels in water over the range 20-500

Leia mais

Versão: 1.0. Segue abaixo, os passos para o processo de publicação de artigos que envolvem as etapas de Usuário/Autor. Figura 1 Creating new user.

Versão: 1.0. Segue abaixo, os passos para o processo de publicação de artigos que envolvem as etapas de Usuário/Autor. Figura 1 Creating new user. Órgão: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation Documento: Flow and interaction between users of the system for submitting files to the periodicals RJO - Brazilian Journal of Ornithology Responsável:

Leia mais

NORMAS DE FUNCIONAMENTO DOS CURSOS DE LÍNGUAS (TURMAS REGULARES E INTENSIVAS) 2015/2016

NORMAS DE FUNCIONAMENTO DOS CURSOS DE LÍNGUAS (TURMAS REGULARES E INTENSIVAS) 2015/2016 NORMAS DE FUNCIONAMENTO DOS CURSOS DE LÍNGUAS (TURMAS REGULARES E INTENSIVAS) 2015/2016 1. Tipos de turma e duração: O CLECS oferece dois tipos de turma: regular e intensivo. Além destas turmas, o CLECS

Leia mais

Multicriteria Impact Assessment of the certified reference material for ethanol in water

Multicriteria Impact Assessment of the certified reference material for ethanol in water Multicriteria Impact Assessment of the certified reference material for ethanol in water André Rauen Leonardo Ribeiro Rodnei Fagundes Dias Taiana Fortunato Araujo Taynah Lopes de Souza Inmetro / Brasil

Leia mais

Transformando Pessoas - Coaching, PNL e Simplicidade no processo de mudancas (Portuguese Edition)

Transformando Pessoas - Coaching, PNL e Simplicidade no processo de mudancas (Portuguese Edition) Transformando Pessoas - Coaching, PNL e Simplicidade no processo de mudancas (Portuguese Edition) Felippe / Marcelo Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Transformando Pessoas - Coaching,

Leia mais

Efficient Locally Trackable Deduplication in Replicated Systems. www.gsd.inesc-id.pt. technology from seed

Efficient Locally Trackable Deduplication in Replicated Systems. www.gsd.inesc-id.pt. technology from seed Efficient Locally Trackable Deduplication in Replicated Systems João Barreto and Paulo Ferreira Distributed Systems Group INESC-ID/Technical University Lisbon, Portugal www.gsd.inesc-id.pt Bandwidth remains

Leia mais

Consultoria em Direito do Trabalho

Consultoria em Direito do Trabalho Consultoria em Direito do Trabalho A Consultoria em Direito do Trabalho desenvolvida pelo Escritório Vernalha Guimarães & Pereira Advogados compreende dois serviços distintos: consultoria preventiva (o

Leia mais

Anti-DNA. English. Summary and Explanation. Principle of the Procedure. rise in anti-dsdna before a major exacerbation of SLE.

Anti-DNA. English. Summary and Explanation. Principle of the Procedure. rise in anti-dsdna before a major exacerbation of SLE. Anti-DNA Anti-DNA English rise in anti-dsdna before a major exacerbation of SLE. Intended Use: Anti-DNA is a radioassay based on 125 I-labeled recombinant DNA and designed for the quantitative measurement

Leia mais

GESTÃO DE RECURSOS NATURAIS. Ano letivo 2011/2012. Exercício: Sistema de apoio à decisão para eucalipto (Aplicação de Programação Linear)

GESTÃO DE RECURSOS NATURAIS. Ano letivo 2011/2012. Exercício: Sistema de apoio à decisão para eucalipto (Aplicação de Programação Linear) GESTÃO DE RECURSOS NATURAIS Ano letivo 2011/2012 Exercício: Sistema de apoio à decisão para eucalipto (Aplicação de Programação Linear) Exercise: Decision support system for eucalyptus (Linear programming

Leia mais

Lucas de Assis Soares, Luisa Nunes Ramaldes, Taciana Toledo de Almeida Albuquerque, Neyval Costa Reis Junior. São Paulo, 2013

Lucas de Assis Soares, Luisa Nunes Ramaldes, Taciana Toledo de Almeida Albuquerque, Neyval Costa Reis Junior. São Paulo, 2013 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION MODELS AND THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF AIR QUALITY IN THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF GRANDE VITÓRIA Lucas de Assis Soares, Luisa Nunes Ramaldes, Taciana Toledo de

Leia mais

Workshop Session 3 International Session: Focus on Latin America. Laura Castanheira Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency ANVISA

Workshop Session 3 International Session: Focus on Latin America. Laura Castanheira Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency ANVISA Workshop Session 3 International Session: Focus on Latin America Laura Castanheira Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency ANVISA Jan, * 2014 Regulatory Aspects for Biologicals in Brazil Laura Gomes Castanheira

Leia mais

Medicina Integrativa - A Cura pelo Equilíbrio (Portuguese Edition)

Medicina Integrativa - A Cura pelo Equilíbrio (Portuguese Edition) Medicina Integrativa - A Cura pelo Equilíbrio (Portuguese Edition) Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Medicina Integrativa - A Cura pelo Equilíbrio (Portuguese Edition) Medicina Integrativa

Leia mais

ATLAS DE ACUPUNTURA VETERINáRIA. CãES E GATOS (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY CHOO HYUNG KIM

ATLAS DE ACUPUNTURA VETERINáRIA. CãES E GATOS (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY CHOO HYUNG KIM Read Online and Download Ebook ATLAS DE ACUPUNTURA VETERINáRIA. CãES E GATOS (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY CHOO HYUNG KIM DOWNLOAD EBOOK : ATLAS DE ACUPUNTURA VETERINáRIA. CãES E GATOS Click link bellow

Leia mais

VGM. VGM information. ALIANÇA VGM WEB PORTAL USER GUIDE September 2016

VGM. VGM information. ALIANÇA VGM WEB PORTAL USER GUIDE September 2016 Overview The Aliança VGM Web portal is an application that enables you to submit VGM information directly to Aliança via our e-portal Web page. You can choose to enter VGM information directly, or to download

Leia mais

Technical Information

Technical Information Subject Ballast Water Management Plan To whom it may concern Technical Information No. TEC-0648 Date 14 February 2006 In relation to ballast water management plans, we would advise you that according to

Leia mais

Editorial Review. Users Review

Editorial Review. Users Review Download and Read Free Online Java SE 8 Programmer I: O guia para sua certificação Oracle Certified Associate (Portuguese Edition) By Guilherme Silveira, Mário Amaral Editorial Review Users Review From

Leia mais

Mathematical Foundation I: Fourier Transform, Bandwidth, and Band-pass Signal Representation PROF. MICHAEL TSAI 2011/10/13

Mathematical Foundation I: Fourier Transform, Bandwidth, and Band-pass Signal Representation PROF. MICHAEL TSAI 2011/10/13 Mathematical Foundation I: Fourier Transform, Bandwidth, and Band-pass Signal Representation PROF. MICHAEL TSAI 2011/10/13 Fourier Transform (): a non-periodic deterministic signal. Definition: the Fourier

Leia mais

Modelagem e Simulação de Incêndios. Fire dynamics. Carlos André Vaz Junior

Modelagem e Simulação de Incêndios. Fire dynamics. Carlos André Vaz Junior Modelagem e Simulação de Incêndios Fire dynamics Carlos André Vaz Junior INTRODUÇÃO Fire dynamics is a very quantitative and mathematically complex subject. The term fire dynamics came into common use

Leia mais

Um olhar que cura: Terapia das doenças espirituais (Portuguese Edition)

Um olhar que cura: Terapia das doenças espirituais (Portuguese Edition) Um olhar que cura: Terapia das doenças espirituais (Portuguese Edition) Padre Paulo Ricardo Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Um olhar que cura: Terapia das doenças espirituais (Portuguese

Leia mais

Complimentary Reference Material

Complimentary Reference Material Complimentary Reference Material This PDF has been made available as a complimentary service for you to assist in evaluating this model for your testing requirements. TMG offers a wide range of test equipment

Leia mais

Glucagon DOUBLE ANTIBODY

Glucagon DOUBLE ANTIBODY Glucagon DOUBLE ANTIBODY Double Antibody Glucagon English Intended Use: Double Antibody Glucagon is an 125 I radioimmunoassay designed for the quantitative measurement of glucagon in EDTA plasma. It is

Leia mais

Addition of Fields in Line Item Display Report Output for TCode FBL1N/FBL5N

Addition of Fields in Line Item Display Report Output for TCode FBL1N/FBL5N Addition of Fields in Line Item Display Report Output for TCode FBL1N/FBL5N Applies to: Any business user who uses the transactions FBL1N and FBL5N to display line item reports for vendors and customers.

Leia mais

DIBELS TM. Portuguese Translations of Administration Directions

DIBELS TM. Portuguese Translations of Administration Directions DIBELS TM Portuguese Translations of Administration Directions Note: These translations can be used with students having limited English proficiency and who would be able to understand the DIBELS tasks

Leia mais

Princípios de Direito Previdenciário (Portuguese Edition)

Princípios de Direito Previdenciário (Portuguese Edition) Princípios de Direito Previdenciário (Portuguese Edition) Wladimir Novaes. Martinez Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Princípios de Direito Previdenciário (Portuguese Edition) Wladimir

Leia mais

Introdução A Delphi Com Banco De Dados Firebird (Portuguese Edition)

Introdução A Delphi Com Banco De Dados Firebird (Portuguese Edition) Introdução A Delphi Com Banco De Dados Firebird (Portuguese Edition) Ricardo De Moraes / André Luís De Souza Silva Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Introdução A Delphi Com Banco

Leia mais

Comportamento Organizacional: O Comportamento Humano no Trabalho (Portuguese Edition)

Comportamento Organizacional: O Comportamento Humano no Trabalho (Portuguese Edition) Comportamento Organizacional: O Comportamento Humano no Trabalho (Portuguese Edition) John W. Newstrom Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Comportamento Organizacional: O Comportamento

Leia mais

COMO ESCREVER PARA O ENEM: ROTEIRO PARA UMA REDAçãO NOTA (PORTUGUESE EDITION) BY ARLETE SALVADOR

COMO ESCREVER PARA O ENEM: ROTEIRO PARA UMA REDAçãO NOTA (PORTUGUESE EDITION) BY ARLETE SALVADOR Read Online and Download Ebook COMO ESCREVER PARA O ENEM: ROTEIRO PARA UMA REDAçãO NOTA 1.000 (PORTUGUESE EDITION) BY ARLETE SALVADOR DOWNLOAD EBOOK : COMO ESCREVER PARA O ENEM: ROTEIRO PARA UMA SALVADOR

Leia mais

Português 207 Portuguese for Business

Português 207 Portuguese for Business Português 207 Portuguese for Business Spring 2012: Porugal and the EU Instructor: Jared Hendrickson Office: 1149 Van Hise Office Hours: Monday and Thursday, 11:00 am-12:00 pm e-mail: jwhendrickso@wisc.edu

Leia mais

學 術 研 究 獎 學 金 申 請 表. Bolsas de Investigação Académica Boletim de Candidatura. Academic Research Grant Application Form

學 術 研 究 獎 學 金 申 請 表. Bolsas de Investigação Académica Boletim de Candidatura. Academic Research Grant Application Form 澳 門 特 別 行 政 區 政 府 Governo da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau 文 化 局 Instituto Cultural 學 術 研 究 獎 學 金 申 請 表 ( 根 據 學 術 研 究 獎 學 金 規 章 第 九 條 第 一 款 ) Bolsas de Investigação Académica Boletim de Candidatura

Leia mais

Power Estimation FPGA ASIC

Power Estimation FPGA ASIC Power Estimation FPGA ASIC Power in CMOS Total Current is composed of two types of current Static Dynamic Static Current Leakage current in the turned off transistor channel Ideally zero (varies with technology)

Leia mais

Deutsche Gegenwartsliteratur ab Prof. Juliana P. Perez, DLM/FFLCH/USP São Paulo, setembro, 2012

Deutsche Gegenwartsliteratur ab Prof. Juliana P. Perez, DLM/FFLCH/USP São Paulo, setembro, 2012 Deutsche Gegenwartsliteratur ab 1989 Prof. Juliana P. Perez, DLM/FFLCH/USP São Paulo, setembro, 2012 4 aspectos Fases da produção do texto Planejamento de tempo Condições de trabalho Estrutura do trabalho

Leia mais

Operator Manual Thermoplan AG, Subject to change REV-0

Operator Manual Thermoplan AG, Subject to change REV-0 1 Overview Control panel Foamer head Cup platform Liner pouch 8 Overview Heating basin Milk foam tube Level controller Milk container Cover Hood 9 Putting into operation Plug the appliance into a suitable

Leia mais

Implementation of BE requirements: Brazilian Experience

Implementation of BE requirements: Brazilian Experience 13 th ICDRA Implementation of BE requirements: Brazilian Experience RODRIGO CRISTOFOLETTI Head of Department of Bioequivalence Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) Historical view Future

Leia mais

DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA CIVIL E ARQUITETURA

DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA CIVIL E ARQUITETURA SCHOOL YEAR 01/013 1 ST EXAM 013/01/16 08h00 DURATION: h00 THEORY QUESTIONS (maximum 45 minutes) 1. In a pumped trunk main system explain why the smallest technically viable diameter may not be the least

Leia mais

e-lab: a didactic interactive experiment An approach to the Boyle-Mariotte law

e-lab: a didactic interactive experiment An approach to the Boyle-Mariotte law Sérgio Leal a,b, João Paulo Leal a,c Horácio Fernandes d a Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, FCUL, Lisboa, Portugal b Escola Secundária com 3.º ciclo Padre António Vieira, Lisboa, Portugal c Unidade

Leia mais

APRESENTAÇÃO. ABNT CB-3 Comitê Brasileiro de Eletricidade Comissão de Estudo CE 03:064.01 Instalações Elétricas de Baixa Tensão NBR 5410

APRESENTAÇÃO. ABNT CB-3 Comitê Brasileiro de Eletricidade Comissão de Estudo CE 03:064.01 Instalações Elétricas de Baixa Tensão NBR 5410 APRESENTAÇÃO ABNT CB-3 Comitê Brasileiro de Eletricidade Comissão de Estudo CE 03:064.01 Instalações Elétricas de Baixa Tensão NBR 5410 Instalações elétricas de baixa tensão NBR 5410:1997 NBR 5410:2004

Leia mais

Biogas from coffee waste

Biogas from coffee waste Biogas from coffee waste Two case studies Problem about 4 ton/day of coffee waste (solid content between 13 e 22%) from coffee substitutes production Inicially disposed on land Waste composition Waste

Leia mais

Pesquisa Qualitativa do Início ao Fim (Métodos de Pesquisa) (Portuguese Edition)

Pesquisa Qualitativa do Início ao Fim (Métodos de Pesquisa) (Portuguese Edition) Pesquisa Qualitativa do Início ao Fim (Métodos de Pesquisa) (Portuguese Edition) Robert K. Yin Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Pesquisa Qualitativa do Início ao Fim (Métodos de

Leia mais

GERENCIAMENTO PELAS DIRETRIZES (PORTUGUESE EDITION) BY VICENTE FALCONI

GERENCIAMENTO PELAS DIRETRIZES (PORTUGUESE EDITION) BY VICENTE FALCONI Read Online and Download Ebook GERENCIAMENTO PELAS DIRETRIZES (PORTUGUESE EDITION) BY VICENTE FALCONI DOWNLOAD EBOOK : GERENCIAMENTO PELAS DIRETRIZES (PORTUGUESE Click link bellow and free register to

Leia mais

11. Dimensionamento. Ligações Aparafusadas Parte III

11. Dimensionamento. Ligações Aparafusadas Parte III Ligações Aparafusadas Parte III Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil PGECIV - Mestrado Acadêmico Faculdade de Engenharia FEN/UERJ Disciplina: Ligações em Estruturas de Aço e Mistas Professor:

Leia mais

As 10 bobagens mais comuns que as pessoas inteligentes cometem (Portuguese Edition)

As 10 bobagens mais comuns que as pessoas inteligentes cometem (Portuguese Edition) As 10 bobagens mais comuns que as pessoas inteligentes cometem (Portuguese Edition) By Arthur Freeman, Rose Dewolf As 10 bobagens mais comuns que as pessoas inteligentes cometem (Portuguese Edition) By

Leia mais

Pesquisa Qualitativa do Início ao Fim (Métodos de Pesquisa) (Portuguese Edition)

Pesquisa Qualitativa do Início ao Fim (Métodos de Pesquisa) (Portuguese Edition) Pesquisa Qualitativa do Início ao Fim (Métodos de Pesquisa) (Portuguese Edition) Robert K. Yin Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Pesquisa Qualitativa do Início ao Fim (Métodos de

Leia mais

Labrador: Guia prático ilustrado (Coleção Pet Criador) (Portuguese Edition)

Labrador: Guia prático ilustrado (Coleção Pet Criador) (Portuguese Edition) Labrador: Guia prático ilustrado (Coleção Pet Criador) (Portuguese Edition) Tatiane Poló Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Labrador: Guia prático ilustrado (Coleção Pet Criador) (Portuguese

Leia mais

Poder sem limites - o caminho do sucesso pessoal pela programação neurolinguística

Poder sem limites - o caminho do sucesso pessoal pela programação neurolinguística Poder sem limites - o caminho do sucesso pessoal pela programação neurolinguística Anthony Robbins Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Poder sem limites - o caminho do sucesso pessoal

Leia mais

WATER MATTRESS MASSAGE SYSTEM 20439

WATER MATTRESS MASSAGE SYSTEM 20439 Page 1 of 10 WATER MATTRESS MASSAGE SYSTEM 20439 CONTENTS Massage System with Controller Please note: the above image shows a white unit and a blue unit. The white unit is supplied inside the blue unit

Leia mais

Da Emoção à Lesão: um Guia de Medicina Psicossomática (Portuguese Edition)

Da Emoção à Lesão: um Guia de Medicina Psicossomática (Portuguese Edition) Da Emoção à Lesão: um Guia de Medicina Psicossomática (Portuguese Edition) Geraldo José Ballone, Ida Vani Ortolani, Eurico Pereira Neto Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Download

Leia mais

A dança do corpo vestido: Um estudo do desenvolvimento do figurino de balé clássico até o século XIX (Portuguese Edition)

A dança do corpo vestido: Um estudo do desenvolvimento do figurino de balé clássico até o século XIX (Portuguese Edition) A dança do corpo vestido: Um estudo do desenvolvimento do figurino de balé clássico até o século XIX (Portuguese Edition) Francisca Dantas Mendes Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically

Leia mais

USPTO No. 15143095 USPTO No. 15143095 USPTO No. 15143095 USPTO No. 15143095 USPTO No. 15143095 USPTO No. 15143095 USPTO No. 15143095 WORK PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND

Leia mais

SERRA CIRCULAR. Máquina para afiar serras circulares calçadas com dentes de metal duro no peito e nas costas

SERRA CIRCULAR. Máquina para afiar serras circulares calçadas com dentes de metal duro no peito e nas costas SERRA CIRCULAR Máquina para afiar serras circulares calçadas com dentes de metal duro no peito e nas costas CHU 250 / SERRA CIRCULAR // PEITO E COSTAS A próxima geração de máquinas com robustez e excelente

Leia mais

TEN CATE. HISTOLOGIA ORAL (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY ANTONIO NANCI

TEN CATE. HISTOLOGIA ORAL (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY ANTONIO NANCI Read Online and Download Ebook TEN CATE. HISTOLOGIA ORAL (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY ANTONIO NANCI DOWNLOAD EBOOK : TEN CATE. HISTOLOGIA ORAL (EM PORTUGUESE DO Click link bellow and free register to download

Leia mais

Farmácia Homeopática: Teoria e Prática (Portuguese Edition)

Farmácia Homeopática: Teoria e Prática (Portuguese Edition) Farmácia Homeopática: Teoria e Prática (Portuguese Edition) Olney Leite Fontes Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Farmácia Homeopática: Teoria e Prática (Portuguese Edition) Olney

Leia mais

hdd enclosure caixa externa para disco rígido

hdd enclosure caixa externa para disco rígido hdd enclosure caixa externa para disco rígido USER S GUIDE SPECIFICATONS HDD Support: SATA 2.5 Material: Aluminium and plastics Input connections: SATA HDD Output connections: USB 3.0 (up to 5.0Gbps)

Leia mais

GERENCIAMENTO DA ROTINA DO TRABALHO DO DIA-A-DIA (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY VICENTE FALCONI

GERENCIAMENTO DA ROTINA DO TRABALHO DO DIA-A-DIA (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY VICENTE FALCONI Read Online and Download Ebook GERENCIAMENTO DA ROTINA DO TRABALHO DO DIA-A-DIA (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY VICENTE FALCONI DOWNLOAD EBOOK : GERENCIAMENTO DA ROTINA DO TRABALHO DO DIA-A- Click link bellow

Leia mais

Biscuit - potes (Coleção Artesanato) (Portuguese Edition)

Biscuit - potes (Coleção Artesanato) (Portuguese Edition) Biscuit - potes (Coleção Artesanato) (Portuguese Edition) Regina Panzoldo Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Biscuit - potes (Coleção Artesanato) (Portuguese Edition) Regina Panzoldo

Leia mais

α1 Glicoproteína Ácida Mono

α1 Glicoproteína Ácida Mono α1 Glicoproteína Ácida Mono Artigo 4080050K 4080100K Apresentação 2 x 25 ml + 1 x 1 ml padrão de α1 Glicoproteína Ácida 4 x 25 ml + 1 x 1 ml padrão de α1 Glicoproteína Ácida Protocolo de Automação - DIMENSION

Leia mais

Desenvolvimento Ágil 1

Desenvolvimento Ágil 1 Desenvolvimento Ágil 1 Just-in-Time Custo = Espaço + Publicidade + Pessoal De que forma poderiamos bater a concorrência se um destes factores fosse zero? 2 Just-in-time Inventory is waste. Custo de armazenamento

Leia mais

PROGRAM FOR 3 DAYS in Faial and S. Jorge Islands, Azores

PROGRAM FOR 3 DAYS in Faial and S. Jorge Islands, Azores PROGRAM FOR 3 DAYS in Faial and S. Jorge Islands, Azores THIS PROGRAM AIMS TO TOAST OUR CUSTOMERS WITH THE OPPORTUNITY TO DISCOVER AND EXPLORE THE FAIAL AND S. JORGE ISLANDS. WE HAVE A WIDE RANGE OF CULTURAL

Leia mais

Preposições em Inglês: www.napontadalingua.hd1.com.br

Preposições em Inglês: www.napontadalingua.hd1.com.br Preposições na língua inglesa geralmente vem antes de substantivos (algumas vezes também na frente de verbos no gerúndio). Algumas vezes é algo difícil de se entender para os alunos de Inglês pois a tradução

Leia mais

A necessidade da oração (Escola da Oração) (Portuguese Edition)

A necessidade da oração (Escola da Oração) (Portuguese Edition) A necessidade da oração (Escola da Oração) (Portuguese Edition) Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically A necessidade da oração (Escola da Oração) (Portuguese Edition) A necessidade da

Leia mais

Adoção: guia prático doutrinário e processual com as alterações da Lei n , de 3/8/2009 (Portuguese Edition)

Adoção: guia prático doutrinário e processual com as alterações da Lei n , de 3/8/2009 (Portuguese Edition) Adoção: guia prático doutrinário e processual com as alterações da Lei n. 12010, de 3/8/2009 (Portuguese Edition) Luiz Antonio Miguel Ferreira Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Adoção:

Leia mais

TDD Desenvolvimento Guiado por Testes (Portuguese Edition)

TDD Desenvolvimento Guiado por Testes (Portuguese Edition) TDD Desenvolvimento Guiado por Testes (Portuguese Edition) Kent Beck Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically TDD Desenvolvimento Guiado por Testes (Portuguese Edition) Kent Beck TDD Desenvolvimento

Leia mais

ENGLISH PORTUGUÊS ENGLISH FRANÇAIS DEUTSCH ESPAÑOL. Pop-up Blocker settings:

ENGLISH PORTUGUÊS ENGLISH FRANÇAIS DEUTSCH ESPAÑOL. Pop-up Blocker settings: ENGLISH PORTUGUÊS ESPAÑOL DEUTSCH FRANÇAIS ENGLISH It has come to our attention that some users are having trouble viewing the new Data Policy and Privacy Statement due to their pop-up being blocked by

Leia mais

ATLAS DE ACUPUNTURA VETERINáRIA. CãES E GATOS (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY CHOO HYUNG KIM

ATLAS DE ACUPUNTURA VETERINáRIA. CãES E GATOS (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY CHOO HYUNG KIM Read Online and Download Ebook ATLAS DE ACUPUNTURA VETERINáRIA. CãES E GATOS (EM PORTUGUESE DO BRASIL) BY CHOO HYUNG KIM DOWNLOAD EBOOK : ATLAS DE ACUPUNTURA VETERINáRIA. CãES E GATOS Click link bellow

Leia mais

User interface evaluation experiences: A brief comparison between usability and communicability testing

User interface evaluation experiences: A brief comparison between usability and communicability testing User interface evaluation experiences: A brief comparison between usability and communicability testing Kern, Bryan; B.S.; The State University of New York at Oswego kern@oswego.edu Tavares, Tatiana; PhD;

Leia mais

Princípios de Finanças Corporativas (Portuguese Edition)

Princípios de Finanças Corporativas (Portuguese Edition) Princípios de Finanças Corporativas (Portuguese Edition) Richard Brealey, Stewart Myers, Franklin Allen Click here if your download doesn"t start automatically Princípios de Finanças Corporativas (Portuguese

Leia mais

Governação Novo Código e Exigências da Função Auditoria

Governação Novo Código e Exigências da Função Auditoria Novo Código e Exigências da Função Auditoria Fórum de Auditoria Interna - IPAI 19 de Junho de 2014 Direito societário e auditoria interna fontes legais 1. CSC artigo 420,º, n.º 1, i) - fiscalizar a eficácia

Leia mais