Reptiles of an urban Atlantic Rainforest fragment in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil

Transcrição

1 Herpetology Notes, volume 9: (2016) (published online on 01 September 2016) Reptiles of an urban Atlantic Rainforest fragment in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil Camila Nascimento de Oliveira¹,*, Sérgio Luiz da Silva Muniz² and Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura² Abstract. Knowledge of species in strategic regions, even if only fragmentary, is an excellent way for making inferences regarding the local biodiversity, which is paramount for conservation strategies for any biological group. The objectives of the present study were to record the reptiles composing the fauna of the forest fragment studied and their habitat and microhabitat occupation. The inventory was carried out in the Tejipió forest, state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, from October 2011 to April Sampling was performed by means of active searching, pitfall trapping, accidental sightings and local collectors. A total of 24 reptile species in 15 different families were reported (one tortoise, eleven lizards, three amphisbaenians, eight snakes and one crocodile). The habitat and microhabitat with greatest occurrence of species were the edge of the forest and soil with vegetation, respectively. Keywords: Squamata, Inventory, Species richness, Microhabitat, Tejipió forest. Introduction 1 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pósgraduação em Biologia Animal (PPGBA), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, CEP: , Recife, Pernambuco, PE, Brazil. 2 Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Estudos Herpetológicos e Paleoherpetológicos, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: , Recife, Pernambuco, PE, Brazil. * Corresponding author camilanascimentov@yahoo.com.br Inventories are the basis for biological characterization of a given area. They provide biogeographical data and quantitative information of species, and enable evaluation of the quality of forest fragments. Moreover, inventories may present complementary information on species, which in combination, aid in monitoring and evaluating their conservation status (Sousa et al., 2012; França et al., 2012). Inventories published regarding Atlantic Rainforest reptiles of Brazil have supplied information such as on expansion of the distribution of species (Santana et al., 2008), endemism situation (Condez et al., 2009; Sousa et al., 2012) and spatialtemporal distribution of species (Bernardo et al., 2012), among other matters. The Atlantic Rainforest is of worldwide importance for biological diversity and, because of the high levels of forest degradation and species endemism, this is a priority area for conservation (Myers et al., 2000; Conservation International, 2013). This status has been given because of its constant losses and fragmentation of habitats (Fahrig, 2003; Rocha et al., 2007; Martensen et al., 2008; Ribeiro et al., 2009), among other causes. These actions alter the composition of biological groups, potentially causing species extinction (Tabarelli et al., 1999; Brooks et al., 2002; Fahrig, 2003) and decreased genetic diversity of populations (Dixo et al., 2009). According to Gomides (2010), forest fragments created through human action become islands of biodiversity and act as alternatives for ensuring the survival of species. Thus, the Atlantic Rainforest is particularly important because of the occurrence of endemic species of reptiles (Marques and Sazima, 2004), which occupy a wide range of habitats and microhabitats (Sales et al., 2009). Knowledge of how species use or share microhabitat is important for understanding how the community is structured and how species respond to changes in the environment (Santana et al., 2008; Bertoluci et al., 2009).

2 176 Camila Nascimento de Oliveira et al. Materials and Methods Study site Reptile survey took place in an Atlantic Rainforest fragment of 172 ha (Tejipió forest) ( S, W) (Figure 1), located at Km 73 of the BR-101 Sul Highway, in the district of Tejipió, municipality of Recife, state of Pernambuco. This area has the phytophysiognomy of a rainforest (Veloso et al., 1991), with a mean minimum temperature of 21.8 C and mean maximum temperature of 29.1 C and mean annual rainfall of 2,458 mm (World Weather Information Service, 2013). The site is located within the Tejipió river hydrographic basin (Araújo and Pires, 1998). According to Feitosa (2004), this fragment presents low heterogeneity of arboreal inventory, because the vegetation has been observed to be going through secondary succession stages, with regeneration processes that began approximately 46 years ago. The study site contains a lentic water body (i.e. a lake) in the forested area and, on the edges of the forest, there are local communities and a military construction area, with another smaller lake nearby. Data collection Figure 1. Map showing the location of the study site (Tejipió forest), together with the military area. The yellow dots show the location of the pitfall traps. However, some fragments of this biome still need to be characterized regarding the composition and environmental occupation of reptile species. Thus, the present study aim to record the composition and spatial specificity (habitat and microhabitat) of reptile species that occur in a fragment of Atlantic Rainforest in the state of Pernambuco. Sampling was performed between the months of October 2011 and April 2012 using pitfall traps with drift fences (Campbell and Christman, 1982; Cechin and Martins, 2000), time-constrained active searching (manual capture and visual identification) (Campbell and Christman, 1982), accidental sightings and local collectors. The traps were installed at six sampling stations. Each station had four buckets (two with 22 L capacity and one with 60 L capacity, intercalated), which were arranged linearly and connected by 10 m of plastic drift fences. Active searches were carried out for four hours per day at different points of the study site, with diurnal and nocturnal searches. The sampling effort totalized hours of trapping and 112 man-hours of active searching. The specimens caught were identified and released (collecting permit ICMBio) and any individuals found dead were deposited in the Herpetology Collection of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (CHP-UFRPE; Appendix 1). Data analysis The constancy of occurrence index (C) was used to indicate the frequency of occurrence of species, as

3 Reptiles of an urban Atlantic Rainforest fragment in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil 177 proposed by Dajoz (2005). According to these results, the species were considered to be constant (species that occurred in more than 50% of the samples), accessory (species that occurred in 25% to 50% of the samples) or accidental (species that occurred in fewer than 25% of the samples). To evaluate the sampling effect, a rarefaction curve was constructed. Species richness was calculated through the richness estimators Ace, Chao 1, Jackknife 1 and Bootstrap, using 500 random additions of the samples. Graphs based on the estimators were also created in order to compare the observed richness. All the analyses were carried out using the EstimateS software, version (Colwell, 2009). Results and Discussion A total of 24 reptile species belonging to 21 genera that were distributed among 15 families were recorded: Teiidae (3 spp.), Phyllodactylidae (2 spp.), Dactyloidae (1 sp.), Iguanidae (1 sp.), Tropiduridae (1 sp.), Gekkonidae (1 sp.), Gymnophthalmidae (1 sp.), Sphaerodactylidae (1 sp.), Amphisbaenidae (3 spp.), Boidae (1 sp.), Colubridae (2 spp.), Dipsadidae (3 spp.), Elapidae (2 spp.), Chelidae (1 sp.) and Alligatoridae (1 sp.) (Table 1) (Figure 2). Families with greatest richness were Dipsadidae, Amphisbaenidae and Teiidae, all with three species each. In turn, the families that presented greatest dominance of individuals, i.e. specimen abundance, were Tropiduridae (29 specimens) and Gekkonidae (21 specimens) (Table 1). The rarefaction curve presented a strong tendency towards stabilization after the 16 th sample, thus indicating that an approximation to the real number of species had been attained (Figure 3). The richness estimators that were used, i.e. ACE, Chao 1, Jack 1 and Bootstrap, respectively estimated 23, 23, 24 and 24 species (Figure 4), which were values equal to or lower than the number found in the present study (24 spp.). Regarding frequency of occurrence, two species were considered constant (Hemidactylus mabouia and Tropidurus hispidus), three were accessory (Boa constrictor, Gymnodactylus darwinii and Coleodactylus meridionalis) and the remaining species presented accidental occurrence (Table 1). The species Boa constrictor, Amphisbaena alba, Amphisbaena polystegum and Phrynops geoffroanus were gathered by local collectors and the only specimen of Caiman latirostris was found on the margin of the lake located within the forest. Only Dryadosaura nordestina and Kentropyx calcarata were sampled exclusively by pitfall traps. Three individuals were visually identified at family level (Mabuyidae) and were found on the edge of the forest, in soil with no vegetation. Outside of the sampling period, another three species were captured, Eunectes murinus, Norops ortonii and Pseudoboa nigra: these were identified by means of photographs and from the specimens handed in. The Pseudoboa nigra were deposited in the Herpetology Collection of the Federal University of Pernambuco (CHUFPE, Appendix 1). The lizard Cercosaura ocellata was also identified, thus demonstrating that its distribution (with coordinates) has expanded to the state of Pernambuco (Oliveira and Moura, 2013). To determine the microhabitats, only the reports from the manual captures, chance encounters, visual identification and data from local collectors were considered. The habitat with the greatest number of species was the edge of the forest (10 spp.), followed by the open area, forested area and constructed area, all with the same number of species (9 spp.). The microhabitat of soil with vegetation showed the greatest richness of species (10 spp.), followed by paved ground (9 spp.), soil with no vegetation (7 spp.) and dry leaf cover (5 spp.) (Table 1). Some species shared the same habitats, such as the open area, constructed area and edge of the forest (Tropidurus hispidus, Amphibaena alba and Boa constrictor). On the other hand, the open area and the edge of the forest had six species in common (Iguana iguana, Ameiva ameiva, Salvator merianae, Tropidurus hispidus, Amphiabaena alba and Boa constrictor), while the constructed area and the edge of the forest also had six species in common (Hemidactylus mabouia, Tropidurus hispidus, Amphiabaena alba, Boa constrictor, Chironius flavolineatus and Micrurus lemniscatus). The microhabitats shared by the greatest number of species were the soil with vegetation and paved ground (Tropidurus hispidus, Amphibaena alba, Boa constrictor, Erythrolamprus viridis, Chironius flavolineatus and Micrurus lemniscatus), soils with and without vegetation (Ameiva ameiva, Tropidurus hispidus, Salvator merianae, Amphisbaena alba and Chironius flavolineatus) and soils without vegetation and paved ground (Tropidurus hispidus, Amphibaena alba, Amphisbaena vermicularis and Chironius flavolineatus). Among the lizard species, Dryadosaura nordestina is endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest of northeastern Brazil. The distribution of this species does not extend beyond the coastal forest, with the exception of the occurrence

4 178 Camila Nascimento de Oliveira et al. Figure 2. Species of reptiles from the Tejipió forest, municipality of Recife, state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. A) Iguana iguana; B) Norops fuscoauratus; C) Norops ortonii; D) Dryadosaura nordestina; E) Ameiva ameiva; F) Kentropyx calcarata; G) Salvator merianae; H) Tropidurus hispidus; I) Hemidactylus mabouia; J) Phyllopezus lutzae; K) Gymnodactylus darwinii; L) Coleodactylus meridionalis; M) Amphisbaena alba; N) Amphibaena vermicularis; O) Leposternon polystegum; P) Boa constrictor; Q) Chironius flavolineatus; R) Oxybelis aeneus; S) Erythrolamprus viridis; T) Oxyrhopus petolarius; U) Philodryas olfersii; V) Micrurus lemniscatus; W) Micrurus ibiboboca; X) Phrynops geoffroanus. 3hotos by R. Mota (C), C. Castro (P), S. Muniz (G), G. Gomes (K), T. Laurindo (M-N) e M. Freitas (O, R, V, W).

5 Reptiles of an urban Atlantic Rainforest fragment in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil 179 Table 1. Reptile species recorded during the months from October 2011 to April 2012 in the Tejipió forest. Habitat: 1. Open area, 2. Forest area, 3. Constructed area, 4. Lake; 5. Edge of the forest; Microhabitat: 1. Leaf litter, 2. Ground with no vegetation, 3. Ground with vegetation, 4. Tree trunk, 5. Palm stem, 6. Palm leaf sheath, 7. Dry branch on the ground, 8. Fallen tree trunk, 9. Bush branch, 10. Wall, 11. Paved ground (constructed); Form of recording: a. Pitfall trap, b. Visual identification, c. Manual capture, d. Traces, e. Accidental encounter, f. Gathered by third parties, g. Dead animal; Frequency of occurrence (FO): I. Accidental, II. Accessory, III. Constant. ¹Oliveira and Moura, 2013; ² Identified by means of photographs; ³ deposited in collection. LACERTILIA Gekkonidae Habitat Microhabitat Form of recording FO Number of specimens Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) 3, 5 4, 5, 10, 11 b, c, e III 21 Gymnophthalmidae Dryadosaura nordestina Rodrigues, Freire, Pellegrino & 2 - a I 5 Sites Jr., 2005 Cercosaura ocellata Wagler, 1830¹ 1 Iguanidae Iguana iguana (Linnaeus, 1758) 1, 5 2, 4 b, f I 3 Phyllodactylidae Phyllopezus lutzae (Loveridge, 1941) 2, 5 6, 7 b, c I 2 Gymnodactylus darwinii (Gray, 1845) 2 1 a, c II 7 Dactyloidae Norops fuscoauratus (D'Orbigny, 1837) 2 1, 4, 9 b, c I 5 Norops ortonii (Cope, 1868)² 1 Sphaerodactylidae Coleodactylus meridionalis (Boulenger, 1888) 1, 2 1, 3 a, b, c II 9 Teiidae Ameiva ameiva (Linnaeus, 1758) 1, 5 2, 3 a, b I 4 Kentropyx calcarata Spix, a I 5 Salvator merianae Duméril & Bibron, , 2, 5 2, 3 b, d, f I 4 Tropiduridae Tropidurus hispidus (Spix, 1825) 1, 3, 5 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, b, c, e III AMPHISBAENAS Amphisbaenidae Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus, , 3, 5 2, 3, 11 e, f I 4 Leposternon polystegum (Duméril, 1851) 3 3 f I 1 Amphisbaena vermicularis Wagler, , 2 2, 11 e, f, g I 3 OPHIDIA Boidae Boa constrictor Linnaeus, , 3, 5 3, 11 f, g II 10 Eunectes murinus (Linnaeus, 1758)² 1 Colubridae Chironius flavolineatus (Jan, 1863) 2, 3, 5 2, 3, 9, 11 b, c, e I 5 Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler, 1824) - - c, f I 2 Dipsadidae Erythrolamprus viridis Günther, , 2, 3 1, 3, 11 c, f, g I 4 Oxyrhopus petolarius (Linnaeus, 1758) - - f I 1 Philodryas olfersii (Lichtenstein, 1823) - - b, e. f I 4 Pseudoboa nigra 1 (Duméril, Bibron e Duméril, 1854)³ Elapidae Micrurus ibiboboca (Merrem, 1820) 2, 3 1, 11 e, f I 2 Micrurus lemniscatus (Linnaeus, 1758) 3, 5 3, 11 f I 2 TESTUDINES Chelidae Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812) 4 - f - 2 CROCODYLIA Alligatoridae Caiman latirostris (Daudin, 1802) 4 - g - 1 A total of 15 families and 27 species

6 180 Figure 3. Rarefaction curves representing the accumulated richness of the species of reptiles in the Tejipió forest recorded between October 2011 and April The continuous line corresponds to the mean of each sampling period, randomized 500 times, and the dotted lines represent the associated standard deviation. in the Brejos de Altitude (northeastern upland forest) (Rodrigues et al., 2005; Delfino and Soeiro, 2012; Garda et al., 2014). In turn, Gymnodactylus darwinii presented broader geographical distribution, since it is endemic to the Atlantic Rainforest extending from the state of São Paulo to the northeast of the state of Bahia (Vanzolini, 1953), with more recent expansion northwards to other states, as far as the state of Rio Grande do Norte (Freire, 1998; Santana et al., 2008; Moura et al., 2011). Other Atlantic Rainforest remnants in northeastern Brazil present similar richness to the found in our study, such as the Mata do Junco Wildlife Refuge in the state of Sergipe (26 spp.) (Morato et al., 2011). However, there are fragments with higher reptile richness, such Figure 4. Richness estimators based on the abundance of reptile species recorded in the Tejipió forest between October 2011 and April Camila Nascimento de Oliveira et al. as the Mata do Buraquinho Permanent Protection Area in the state of Paraíba (37 spp.) (Santana et al., 2008), although this has a larger area. On the other hand, the Lagoa Encantada and Rio Almada Permanent Preservation Area, in the state of Bahia, presented only 17 spp. (Dias et al., 2014), probably due to a shorter sampling period. In the present study, the Amphisbaenidae family presented greater richness than other Atlantic Rainforest remnants (Araújo et al., 2010; Vrcibradic et al., 2011; Morato et al., 2011; Moura et al., 2012). The same was also observed for the Teiidae family (Forlani et al., 2010; Dias et al., 2014), although higher richness was found in Mata do Junco (Morato et al., 2011). The Dipsadidae family frequently presented the greatest number of species (Forlani et al., 2010; Morato et al., 2011; Vcbradic et al., 2011; Dias et al., 2014), which was expected since this is the family with the greatest number of reptile species in Brazil (246 spp.) (Bérnils and Costa, 2014). The two dominant species in the Tejipió forest were Tropidurus hispidus (n = 29) and Hemidactylus mabouia (n = 21). Tropidurus hispidus is considered to be a habitat generalist (Van Sluys et al., 2004; Miranda et al., 2012), and is dominant in other fragments (Sales et al., 2009). Moreover, this species prefers areas with sun exposure (Santana et al., 2014) and frequently occupies anthropic areas (Sales et al., 2009). The lizard H. mabouia is an introduced species in Brazil. It is highly adapted to different phytophysiognomies and can be found in the Amazon Rainforest (Ferrão et al., 2012), Caatinga, Cerrado, Brejos de Altitude (Borges- Leite et al., 2014), Atlantic Rainforest (Santana et al., 2008), Chaco (Souza et al., 2010) and Pampas (Souza Filho and Verrastro, 2012). The greatest number of H. mabouia individuals occurred in the constructed area, thus corroborating other studies, in which the species was found occupying human edifications (Ferrão et al., 2012) and therefore showing a certain affinity towards anthropic environments. Teixeira (2002) suggested that increasing levels of fragment degradation could result in a loss of living area for the lizard Gymnodactylus darwinii, which would lose out in competition with H. mabouia. Regarding the frequency of occurrence, Tropidurus hispidus and Hemidactylus mabouia presented constant frequency during the sampling, probably because these species have continuous reproduction, as observed by Anjos and Rocha (2008) for H. mabouia and by Santana et al. (2014) for T. hispidus, who found the species throughout the year. These species are generalists and

7 Reptiles of an urban Atlantic Rainforest fragment in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil 181 are highly adaptable to anthropic and peri-anthropic environments (Santana et al., 2008; Sales et al., 2009; Miranda et al., 2012; Santana et al., 2014), such as construction sites and the edge of forests, as observed in the present study in which the forest fragment is located in an urban area with several human constructions in the proximities. Among the 22 species that were evaluated regarding their frequency of occurrence, 77.3% were species with only accidental occurrence. Among these species, some present fossorial and semifossorial habits: Amphisbaena spp. (Condez et al., 2009; Salles and Silva-Soares, 2010) and Micrurus ibiboboca (Rocha and Prudente, 2010); some are arboreal: Iguana iguana (Vitt et al., 2008) and Oxybelis aeneus (Santana et al., 2008); and some are medium to large in size: Ameiva ameiva and Salvator merianae (Silva and Araújo, 2008). Thus, recording and catching these individuals is difficult. Caiman latirostris and Phrynops geoffroanus were occasionally reported and, since no appropriate methodology for sampling these groups was applied, these species were not included in the analyses on abundance and frequency of occurrence. The greatest number of species was recorded on the edge of the forest, probably because these species occupy open areas: T. hispidus and A. ameiva (Morato et al., 2011); or both open and forested areas: S. merianae (Araújo et al., 2010; Morato et al., 2011; Moura et al., 2012), Kentropyx calcarata and Micrurus ibiboboca (Morato et al., 2011); or occur in urban areas: M. lemniscatus (Costa et al., 2010). Unlike what was observed by Araújo et al. (2010), H. mabouia was not found within the rainforest and I. iguana was only reported in a forested area by Morato et al. (2011). One of the factors that could have influenced the observation of this lizard in the open area and edge of the forest may have been the greater visibility in these areas than within the forest. Also unlike what was observed by Salles et al. (2010), who observed G. darwinii near constructed structures, this species was only caught within the forest in the present study. Since some of the species recorded in the present study are tolerant to altered environments (Bertoluci et al., 2009; Vrcibradic et al., 2011; Santana et al., 2014), the second richest microhabitat was paved ground, also because of the proximity of the military construction areas to the forested fragment. Tropidurus hispidus may occur on fallen tree trunks, on the ground, in trees, in bromeliads and on rocks (Santana et al., 2014). In the present study, lizards occurred in all of these microhabitats except for the last two, which did not exist at the study site. Santana et al. (2008) observed A. alba, B. constrictor and M. ibiboboca on the forest litter, which was similar to the results obtained in the present study, although with a lower number of occupied microhabitats. The lizard Phyllopezus lutzae is considered to be bromelicolous (Loveridge, 1941), and this species can occupy other microhabitats, such as palm tree leaves accumulated on the ground, bush vegetation and rocky outcrops (Vanzolini and Gomes, 1979). In the present study, this species presented low occurrence, with only two specimens. However, they were not found on bromeliads, since these did not occur in the study site, but on palm sheaths and on sticks on the ground. The Tejipió forest needs greater investments towards biodiversity conservation, since human communities can be found surrounding the area. People enter the forest and occasionally alter the environment negatively, by removing soil, creating water channels, forest fires and littering. The work developed by the Fourth Communications Battalion of the Brazilian army has been very important for maintenance and restoration of the rainforest (Guimarães et al., 2012). Nonetheless, a considerable amount of garbage has accumulated in the battalion s area, which originated from training events or even simply from dumping within the forest. Thus, environmental intervention is necessary in order to educate both the inhabitants and the military personnel, regarding the importance of maintaining this fragment of the Atlantic Rainforest, which has the potential for maintaining the reptile fauna. These fragments are increasingly scarce and present low quality in general in this state. References Anjos, L.A., Rocha, C.F.D. (2008): Reproductive ecology of the invader species gekkonid lizard Hemidactylus mabouia in an area of southeastern Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoológica 98: Araujo, C.O., Condez, T.H., Bovo, R.P., Centeno, F.C., Luiz, A.M. (2010): Amphibians and reptiles of the Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), SP: an Atlantic Forest remnant of Southeastern Brazil. iota Neotropica 10: Araújo, A.M., Pires, T.T. (1998): Simulação exploratória dos efeitos das marés na circulação e transporte hidrodinâmicos da Bacia do Pina. Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos 3: Bernardo, P.H., Guerra-Fuentes, R.A., Matiazzi, W., Zaher, H. (2012): Checklist of Amphibians and Reptiles of Reserva Biológica do Tapirapé, Pará, Brazil. Check List 8: Bérnils, R.S., Costa, H.C. (org.). (2014): Répteis brasileiros: Lista de espécies. Sociedade Brasileira de Herpetologia. Available at: Last accessed on 9 March 2015.

8 182 Bertoluci, J., Canelas, M.A.S., Eisemberg, C.C., Palmuti, C.F.S., Montingelli, G.G. (2009): Herpetofauna of Estação Ambiental de Peti, an Atlantic Rainforest fragment of Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 9: Borges-Leite, M.J., Rodrigues, J.F.M., Borges-Nojosa, D.M. (2014): Herpetofauna of a coastal region of northeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 7: Brooks, T.M. et al. (2002): Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots of biodiversity. Conservation biology 16: Campbell, H.W., Christman, S.P. (1982): Field techniques for herpetofaunal community analysis. In: Herpetological communities: a Symposium of the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles and the Herpetologis s League, p Washington: U.S. Fish Wildlife Service. Cechin, S.Z., Martins, M. (2000): Eficiência de armadilhas de queda (pitfall traps) em amostragens de anfíbios e répteis no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 17: Condez, T.H, Sawaya, R.J., Dixo, M. (2009): Herpetofauna of the Atlantic Forest remnants of Tapiraí and Piedade region, São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 9:1-29. Conservation International (2013): Hotspots. Available at: Last accessed on 09 March Costa, H.C., Pantoja, D.L., Pontes, J.L., Feio, R.N. (2010): Snakes of the Municipality of Viçosa, Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil. iota Neotropica 10: Delfino, M.S.C., Soeiro, M.S. (2012): Dryadosaura Nordestina (Briba cabeçuda). Brazil, Bahia. Herpetological Review 43: 102. Dias, I.R., de Mira-Mendes, C.V., Solé, M. (2014): Rapid inventory of herpetofauna at the APA (Environmental Protection Area) of the Lagoa Encantada and Rio Almada, Southern Bahia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 7: Dixo, M., Metzger, J.P., Morgante, J. S., Zamudio, K.R. (2009): Habitat fragmentation reduces genetic diversity and connectivity among toad populations in the Brazilian Atlantic Coastal Forest. Biological Conservation, 142: Fahrig, L. (2003): Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics 34: Feitosa, A.A.N. (2004): Diversidade de espécies florestais arbóreas associada ao solo em toposseqüência de fragmento de mata atlântica de Pernambuco. Unpublished dissertation, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brasil. Ferrão, M., Filho, J.A.S.R., Silva, M.O. (2012): Checklist of reptiles (Testudines, Squamata) from Alto Alegre dos Parecis, southwestern Amazonia, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 5: Forlani, M.C., Bernardo, P.H., Haddad, C.B.F., ZAHER, H. (2010): Herpetofauna of the Carlos Botelho State Park, São Paulo State, Brazil. iota Neotropica 10: França, R.C., Germano, C.E.S., França, F.G.R. (2012): Composition of a snake assemblage inhabiting an urbanized area in the Atlantic Forest of Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil Biota Neotropica 12: Freire, E.M.X. (1998): Diferenciacao geografica em Gymnodactylus Darwinii (Gray, 1845) (Sauria, Gekkonidae). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 40: Guimarães, H.B., Braga, R.A.P., Oliveira, T.H. (2012): Evolução da condição ambiental em fragmentos de mata atlântica na região Camila Nascimento de Oliveira et al. metropolitana do Recife-PE. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias 7: Garda, A.A., Medeiros, P.H.S., Lion, M.B., Brito, M.R.M., Vieira, G.H.C., Mesquita, D.O. (2014): Autecology of Dryadosaura nordestina (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Atlantic forest fragments in Northeastern Brazil. Zoologia 31: Gomides, S.C. (2010): Diversidade da fauna de squamata em fragmentos florestais urbanos de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brasil Unpublished dissertation, Universidade Estadual de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brasil. Loveridge, A. (1941): Bogertia lutzae a new genus and species of Gecko from Bahia, Brazil. roceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 54: Marques, O.A.V., Sazima, I. (2004): História natural dos répteis da Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins. In: Estação Ecológica Juréia- Itatins: ambiente físico, flora e fauna, p Marques & W. Duleba, Ed., Holos Editora, Ribeirão Preto. Martensen, A.C., Pimentel, R.G., Metzger, J.P. (2008): Relative effects of fragment size and connectivity on bird community in the Atlantic Rain Forest: implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 141: Miranda, J.P., Costa, J.C.L., Rocha, C.F.D. (2012): Reptiles from Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. ZooKeys 246: Morato, S.A.A., Lima, A.M.X., Staut, D.C.P., Faria, R.G., Souza- Alves, J.P., Gouveia, S.F., Scupino, M.R.C., Gomes, R., Silva, M.J. (2011): Amphibians and Reptiles of the Refúgio de Vida Silvestre Mata do Junco, municipality of Capela, state of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil. heck List 7: Moura, G.J.B., Freire, E.M.X., Santos, E.M., Lins, E., Andrade, E.V.E., Cavalcante, J. D. (2011): Distribuição Geográfica e Caracterização Ecológicas dos Répteis do Estado de Pernmabuco. In: Herpetologia do Estado de Pernambuco, p Brasília, Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Moura, M.R., Motta, A.P., Fernandes, V.D., Feio, R.N. (2012): Herpetofauna from Serra do Brigadeiro, an Atlantic Forest remain in the state of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 12: Myers, N., Mitter, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., Da Fonseca, G.B.A., Kent, J. (2000): Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: Oliveira, C.N., Moura, G.J.B. (2013): Cercosaura ocellata Wagler, 1830 (Lacertilia, Gymnophthalmidae): distribution extension of Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 13: Ribeiro, M.C., Metzger, J.P., Martensen, A.C., Ponzoni, F., Hirota, M.M., (2009): Brazilian Atlantic forest: how much is left and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation. Biological Conservation 142: Rocha, W.A.D., Prudente, A.L.D.C. (2010): The Snake Assemblage of Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades State of Piauí, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 5: Rocha, C.F.D., Bergallo, H.G., Van Sluys, M., Alves, M.A.S., Jamel, C.E. (2007): The remnants of restinga habitats in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil: habitat loss and risk of disappearance. Brazilian Journal of Biology 67: Rodrigues, M.T., Freire, E.M.X., Pellegrino, K.C.M., Sites JR., J.W. (2005): Phylogenetic relationships of a new genus and species

9 Reptiles of an urban Atlantic Rainforest fragment in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil 183 of microteiid lizard from the Atlantic forest of northeastern Brazil (Squamata, Gymnophtalmidae). oological Journal of the Linnean Society 144: Sales, R.F.D., Lisboa, C.M.C.A., Freire, E.M.X. (2009): Répteis squamata de remanescentes florestais do Campus da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal-RN, Brasil. Cuadernos de Herpetología 23: Salles, R.D.O.L., Silva-Soares, T. (2010): Répteis do município de Duque de Caxias, Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil. Biotemas 23: Santana, G.G., Vieira, W.L., Pereira-Filho, G.A., Delfim, F.R., Lima, Y.C., Vieira, K.S. (2008): Herpetofauna em um fragmento de Floresta Atlântica no estado da Paraíba, Região Nordeste do Brasil. Biotemas 21: Santana, D.O., Caldas, F.L.S., Almeida-Gomes, F.F., Santos, R.A., Silva, B.D., Rocha, S.M., Farias, R.G. (2014): Aspectos da História Natural de Tropidurus hispidus (Squamata: Iguania: Tropiduridae) em área de Mata Atlântica, nordeste do Brasil. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 9: Silva, V.D.N., Araújo, A.F.B. (2008): Ecologia dos lagartos brasileiros. Technical Books Editora. Sousa, B.M., Gomides, S.C., Hudson, A.A., Ribeiro, L.B., Novelli, I.A. (2012): Reptiles of the municipality of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 12: Souza, F.L., Uetanabaro, M., Landgref-Filho, P., Piatti, L., Prado, C.P.A. (2010): Herpetofauna, municipality of Porto Murtinho, Chaco region, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Check List 6: Souza-Filho, G.A., Verrastro, L. (2012): Reptiles of the Parque Estadual de Itapuã, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Check List 8: Tabarelli, M., Mantovani, W., Peres, C. A. (1999): Effects of habitat fragmentation on plant guild structure in the montane Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil. iological Conservation 91: Teixeira, R.L. (2002): Aspectos ecológicos de Gymnodactylus darwinii (Sauria, Gekkonidae) em pontal do Ipiranga, Linhares, Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil. Boletim do Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão 14: Van Sluys, M., Rocha, C.F.D., Vrcibradic, D., Galdino, C.A.B., Fontes, A.F. (2004): Diet, activity, and microhabitat use of two syntopic Tropidurus species (Lacertilia: Tropiduridae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. ournal of Herpetology 38: Vanzolini, P. E. (1953): Sobre a diferenciação geográfica de Gymnodactylus geckoides (Sauria, Gekkonidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, São Paulo 12: Vanzolini, P.E., Gomes, N. (1979): On Tropidurus hygomi: redescription, ecological notes, distribution and history (Sauria, Iguanidae). apéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia 32: Veloso, H.P.; Rangel Filho, A.L.R.; Lima, J.C.A. (1991): Classificação da vegetação brasileira, adaptada a um sistema universal. Rio de Janeiro, IBGE, Departamento de Recursos Naturais e Estudos Ambientais. Vitt, L.J., Magnusson, W., Pires, T., Lima, A. (2008): Guia de Lagartos da Reserva do Ducke, Amazônia Central. Manaus, Attema Design Editorial. Vrcibradic, D., Rocha, C. F. D., Kiefer, M. C., Hatano, F. H., Fontes, A. F., Almeida-Gomes, M., Siqueira, C.C., Pontes, J.A.L., Borges-Junior, V.T., Gil, L.O., Klaion, T., Rubião, E.C.N.M., Sluys, M. V. (2011): Herpetofauna, Estação Ecológica Estadual do Paraíso, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. heck List 7: World Weather Information Service (2013): Climatological Information. Available at: en.html. Last accessed on 9 March Appendix 1. Dryadosaura nordestina CHP-UFRPE 0916, 1012; Norops fuscoauratuus CHP-UFRPE 1013; Philodryas olfersii CHP-UFRPE 1018, 1065; Micrurus lemniscatus CHP- UFRPE 1020; Erythrolamprus viridis CHP-UFRPE 1035, 1064; Oxybelis aeneus CHP-UFRPE 1063; Pseudoboa nigra - CHUFPE 109. Accepted by Robson Ávila