GIS GIS XRD.

Transcrição

1 GIS 1389 Vol.2, No.4, Winter Iranian Remote Sensing & GIS ( : ) 2 1 * GIS /6/15 : 1389/6/28 : 10.. USGS (NVIR+SWIR). XRD : tangestani@susc.ac.ir :. : *

2 . ( ) 321. ) (. (USGS) ) MTMF SAM (. 4 XRD.. SWIR Galvao et ) 6.(al., Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) 2. Level-1A 3. Level-1B 4. X-ray Diffraction 5. Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) (VNIR) 0/86 0/52 2/43 1/60 (SWIR) (TIR) 11/65 8/125 (Yamaguchi et al., 1998) L1A 3 L1B. (Qiu et al., 2006) 102

3 ( : ) (.(Van der Meer, 1999) 1.(Abkar, 1999).(1 ) Foody, ).(2004 Kruse ). (et al., 1993.(Van Der Meer, 1995). ( ). 4 Roberts, 1991; Sohn and Mccoy, ).(1997, Zhu and Eastman, Mixed pixels 2. Soft classification 3. Hard classification 4. Linear Spectral Mixture SAM SWIR Tangestani et al., ).(2008.(Adams and Smith, 1986) Rivard, ) TM.(1989.(Boardman, 1998 & Kruse et al., 2003) MTMF ETM +.(Asis et al., 2008) -2. ) ( 1. : ) 103

4 .1 Tompkins et al., 1997 :.2.( Boardman, ) (1993 Harsanyi & ) 1.(Chang, Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF). Settle & Drake, 1993 Boardman, 1993).(Shimabukuro & Smith, 1991 Shimabukuro & Smith, Rogge et al., 2006) 104

5 ( : )...(3 ) -3 ) (2 ) ( Iranian-Japanses Research Group, ).(1981 1: Kholghi, 2002 : 105

6 Etemadi & Al-e-Sadi, 1999; Al-e-Sadi, ).( (2004) (2 ) ) SPL SP700.(4 ) ( Google Earth (Mawson, et al; 1998). ( ) (Google Earth).4 106

7 ( : ) GPS. XRD. XRD 5 AGARSS 6 SAM. ASD XRD MTMF ( ) (SPL-SP700) ( ) Tompkins et al., ).( Root Mean Square 2. Internal Average Relative Reflectance (IARR) 3. Sequential Maximum Angle Convex Cone 4. Pixel Purity Index 5. Australian Geological and Remote Sensing Services 6. Analytical Spectral Devices -4 SWIR VNIR L1B : /014 RMS. 2.(Kruse, 1988).(Tangestani et al., 2008) 3 4 (PPI) (SMACC) USGS. MTMF SAM

8 4321.(7 6 ) PPI Boardman et al., ).(1995. PPI. 5 (MNF) 6 n. MNF.. MNF (5 ) PPI MNF PPI n ENVI. PPI. 1. Enhanced Thematic Plus 2. Moderate-Restolution Imaging Spectroradiometer 3. Positivity 4. Sum-to-unity or less 5. Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) 6. N-Dimensional visualization.. SMACC (Boardman, 1993) PPI (Gruninger et al., 2004) SMACC. 2 ETM + 1 ASTER MODIS.(Cheney et al., 2009).(Gruninger et al., 2004)... SMACC IARR

9 ( : ). 8 n PPI SMACC SMACC SMACC. PPI USGS PPI. 9.. n. (VNIR+SWIR ) MNF. 2/ MNF ) VNIR+SWIR MNF.5. MNF (MNF 109

10 6. 0/80 7..(Etemadi & Al-e-Sadi, 1999) ( 2/205) 6 PPI SMACC USGS.(6 ) ( 2/165) 5 USGS (7 ) PPI SMACC.USGS PPI SMACC /205.USGS PPI SMACC /

11 ( : ) (MTMF) (Fisher, 1997). ) (. M/TMF (MF) 1. MF. MTMF USGS PPI SMACC MTMF MNF ) MNF ( IARR VNIR+SWIR 1. Infeasibility (SAM) -2-4.(Kruse and Lefkof, 1993) ) (8 ) ( n.. rule ) ( rule. Van Der ) SAM.(Meer & Dejong, 2001 PPI SMACC USGS NVIR+SWIR IARR 7. SAM ) SMACC PPI 0/068 0/012 USGS 0/075 0/019 ) ( 0/188 0/154 SMACC PPI 0/049 0/014 USGS 0/072 0/017. ( 0/172 0/

12 ( ) ( ) 8. SAM SMACC PPI SAM. MTMF MTMF. (Nasrolahzadeh, 2004). MTMF SMACC ) ) SP700 ( ( 9 ) ( ( ) SPL. ( -9 ) MTMF ( -9 ) PPI MTMF XRD. -5 SAM SMACC 0/068 0/012 0/049 0/014.( -8 ) ENVI 0/1 SAM. PPI 0/017 ( -8 ) 0/075 0/019. ( -8 ) 0/072 SAM USGS 0/188 0/154 0/172 0/135 ( -8-8 ). 8 8 USGS 112

13 (%&")> CDE#<+ (<',"4($"7 ($"18 9!*:;,*"<'"1=> '& 5#<+,"4%&+& (/01235!* 6 (/0123,"4,-.)%&' ()"!*'+ USGS C<<<K2fF2!3 (2<<<H4<<</5 +' ;<<<=2> MTMF A/<BH 2F (2H;[L/- 6K2LM N"+$E 7./0/&$123 6"2O!K' 9A/"2<-.<cJ 2<F '#.</?/@7)/- 6"2<O!K' $^] +' 6K'7')@ 2F C["2hM #J DV20M2K 6K2LM 6bP03')- 7 6e[K 6K'7')@!"#$%&' (2H6*7)8.P0HJ6M I2QK S 7 4&'-9 ;LR 7 (P<=#J 50-70) A/"2<- 6<K'7')@ 9( 7 9 <<H -9 ;LR) nj7p<om +' a#2<8 #J '# 6e<V20M2K 7 J7PoM 6bP03')P0HJ6M I2QK 6KPmM (2H6K23 )"$`E 4/5 CF.e[K SAM 6*7)8 (2H)"$`E (S 7 4&' ysam!"#$%&' Z"2!K U2V')F 6V# (2H6K23 6K2LM N"+$E.8 ;LR (2H6K23 )"$`E 4/5 CF.e[K SAM 6*7)8 (2H)"$`E (J 7 a ysmacc :7# +' npml.vjcf (S)./?/@7)/- 7 (4&')./0/&$123 (2H6K23 USGS ('CK2fF2!3 4/5 CF.e[K SAM 6*7)8 (2H)"$`E (7 9 <H yppi :7# +' npml.vjcf (J)./?/@7)/- 7 (a)./0/&$123 (7)./?/@7)/- 7 (<H)./0/&$123 *$+)$ GIS! " #$ %&'( 1389 *-456#.!-/0 1!-23. ",-( 113

14 ,G!GH I/08 6 ($"#0J.; (K="4-2L8 (2H6K23 )"$`E 4/5 CF.e[K MTMF 6*7)8 (2H)"$`E (S 7 4&' MTMF!"#$%&' Z"2!K U2V')F 6V# (2H6K23 6K2LM N"+$E.9 ;LR (2H6K23 )"$`E 4/5 CF.e[K MTMF 6*7)8 (2H)"$`E (J 7 a ysmacc :7# +' npml.vjcf (S)./?/@7)/- 7 (4&')./0/&$123 (2H6K23 USGS ('CK2fF2!3 4/5 CF.e[K MTMF 6*7)8 (2H)"$`E (7 9 <H yppi :7# +' npml.vjcf (J)./?/@7)/- 7 (a)./0/&$123.(7)./?/@7)/- 7 (<H)./0/&$123,52O?L2#$ 6 MN) -6 nj'j C!VJ (7# )F 6KPmM nj7pom #J 2OKl 6K2LM N"+$E 6K2<3 7J USGS C<K2fF2!3 (2H4/5 7 VNIR+SWIR 2<OKl 6K2<LM N"+$E A//mE (')F./?/@7)/- 7./0/&$123 VNIR+SWIR nj'j C!<VJ (7# )F 6KPmM nj7pom #J #J 2H:7# A"' 6"'#23.PR ')*' )!V' IARR 6*7)8 +' 6!820RA/M+ v2m&2{m 7 A/M+ TR$- (2H(#'J)FCQhK 6?[<<L/- (P<<0FnJ# zp<<m +') SAM (2<<H!"#$<<%&' (P<<0FnJ# zp<<m +') MTMF 7 (('n#'$h2<<m (2H)"$`<<E +' ;<=2> )"$`<E (2<H 4/5 +' nj2g!v' 2F (6?[L/-)"+ C<<K2fF2!3 (2<<H4<</5 7 PPI 7 SMACC (2<<H:7# A/</mE (')<F.</?/@7)/- 7./0/&$123 6K23 7J USGS *$+)$ GIS! " #$ %&'( 1389 *-456#.!-/0 1!-23. ",-( 114

15 ( : ) 50 ) SAM (SMACC MTMF MTMF. SAM (1995) (2006) (2001). (2007) MTMF.(Van der Meer, 1995) MTMF.(Ben-Dor et al., 2001) MTMF SAM.(Qiu et al., 2006) SAM MTMF MTMF.(Zhou, 2007) SAM ) (. MTMF (SMACC ) ) SAM (SMACC 8 ( ). 9 (SMACC ) MTMF SAM. MTMF ) ( (SPL ) ) SP700. ( 75 XRD (SMACC ) MTMF 115

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