Ficha de unidade curricular Curso de Doutoramento 2015/2016 DIREITO INTERNACIONAL ECONÓMICO REGENTE: PROFESSOR DOUTOR PEDRO INFANTE MOTA OS ACORDOS COMERCIAIS MEGA REGIONAIS Atualmente, 30% do comércio mundial de mercadorias recebe tratamento preferencial (16% se excluído o comércio interno da União Europeia), apenas um membro da OMC (Mongólia) não é parte de qualquer acordo comercial preferencial, existem acordos comerciais preferenciais em que as partes são elas próprias outros acordos comerciais preferenciais (por exemplo, o acordo concluído entre a Associação Europeia de Livre Comércio (EFTA) e a União Aduaneira da África Austral (SACU)) e muitos membros da OMC participam em vários acordos comerciais preferenciais ao mesmo tempo. Embora presentemente não exista qualquer acordo comercial preferencial entre as quatro principais potências comerciais a nível mundial (Estados Unidos, União Europeia, Japão e China), a União Europeia e os Estados Unidos encontram-se a negociar, desde 2013, um acordo de Parceria Transatlântica de Comércio e Investimento; os Estados Unidos e o Japão estão envolvidos nas negociações relativas a uma Parceria Trans-Pacífico; e a China e o Japão participam nas negociações iniciadas em Novembro de 2012 relativas à criação de uma Parceria Económica Regional Abrangente. Por força do poderio económico de muitos dos participantes nas negociações dos três acordos comerciais mencionados (os denominados acordos mega regionais), é provável que os mesmos produzam um impacto significativo na economia internacional, caso as negociações tenham êxito e se coloque, porventura com maior acuidade a questão que tem didivido opiniões desde há muito tempo: a proliferação de acordos comerciais preferenciais põe em causa o sistema comercial multilateral ou contribui positivamente para o bem-estar global. Não por acaso, a relação entre os acordos comerciais preferenciais e a cláusula da nação mais favorecida, verdadeira pedra angular do multilateralismo, é um dos tópicos centrais da política comercial dos dias de hoje. TÓPICOS DE ESTUDO 1. A Teoria da Integração Económica 2. A Cláusula da Nação Mais Favorecida 3. Os Artigo XXIV do GATT, V do GATS e a Cláusula de Habilitação
4. O Caso Turkey Restrictions on Imports of Textile and Clothing Products 5. Os Efeitos dos Acordos Comerciais Preferenciais 6. O Ótimo de Pareto 7. Estudo dos Acordos Comerciais Mega Regionais 8. Considerações Finais BIBLIOGRAFIA SELECIONADA AA. VV - Trade Cooperation: The Purpose, Design and Effects of Preferential Trade Agreements, Andreas Dür e Manfred Elsig (ed.), Cambridge University Press, 2015. - Power Shifts and New Blocs in the Global Trading System, Sanjaya Baru e Suvi Dogra (ed.), The International Institute for Strategic Studies, Routledge, 2015. BALDWIN, Richard - Big-Think Regionalism: a critical survey, in Regional Rules in the Global Trading System, Antoni Estevadeordal, Kati Suominen e Robert Teh ed., Cambridge University Press, 2009, pp. 17-95. - 21st Century Regionalism: Filling the gap between 21st century trade and 20th century trade rules, Centre for Economic Policy Research Policy Insight No. 56, 2011. - Preferential Trading Arrangements, in The Oxford Handbook on The World Trade Organization, Amrita Narlikar, Martin Daunton e Robert Stern ed., Oxford University Press, 2012, pp. 632-654. BALDWIN, Richard e FREUND, Caroline - Preferential Trade Agreements and Multilateral Liberalization, in Preferential Trade Agreement Policies for Development: A Handbook, Jean-Pierre Chauffour e Jean-Christophe Maur ed., The World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2011, pp. 121-141. BALDWIN, Richard e VENABLES, Anthony - Regional Economic Integration, in Handbook of International Economics, vol. III, Gene Grossman e Kene Rogoff ed., Elsevier, 1995, pp. 1597-1644. BANCO MUNDIAL - Trade Blocs, Oxford University Press, 2000. - Global Economic Prospects 2005: Trade, Regionalism, and Development, ed. World Bank, 2004. BARTELS, Lorand - Interim agreements under Article XXIV GATT, in World Trade Review, 2009, pp. 339-350. BHAGWATI, Jagdish - Termites in the Trading System: How Preferential Agreements Undermine Free Trade, Oxford University Press, 2008.
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