WORDS OF CONNECTION. Principalmente... Especially... / Mainly... Por enquanto (passado)... / Até agora... So far... / Up till now...

Transcrição

1 WORDS OF CONNECTION Words of transition, words of connection, transition devices, linking words ou discourse markers são conjunções, advérbios, preposições, locuções, etc., que servem para estabelecer uma relação lógica entre frases e ideias. Em português essas palavras são chamadas de articuladores ou palavras conectivas. O uso correcto destas palavras confere solidez ao argumento e consequentemente elegância ao texto. As listas abaixo constituem-se numa ajuda decisiva para quem compõe um texto em inglês, independente do nível de capacidade do redactor. Os conectivos, mais frequentemente usados, são: Em primeiro lugar,... / Para começar,... First of all,... / In the first place,... / To begin with,... De acordo com... According to... Principalmente... Especially... / Mainly... A principal razão... / O principal motivo... The main reason... A partir de agora... / De agora em diante... From now on... Por enquanto (passado)... / Até agora... So far... / Up till now... Por enquanto (futuro)... / Até que mude de ideia. Ainda não for some time. /... for a while. / For the time being not... yet. Nesse meio tempo,... / Enquanto isso,... In the meantime,... / Meanwhile,... Em meio a... In the midst of... Via de regra... As a rule... Sempre que... Whenever... À medida em que o tempo passa,... As time goes by,... A propósito, por falar nisso,... Pelo que eu sei, / Pelo que me consta, / Que eu saiba, No que se refere a mim, / No que diz respeito a mim, Do ponto de vista de Sem dúvida Da mesma forma que De maneira (forma) que Desde que Em outras palavras, / O que eu quero dizer... / Quer dizer, / Ou seja, Por um lado, By the way, / Speaking of that, As far as I know, / As far as I can tell, / To the best of my knowledge, As far as I'm concerned, From the standpoint of Without a doubt / Of course In the same way that So that / In order that As long as In other words, / What I'm trying to say... / That is, On the one hand, Por sua vez,... In his/her/its turn,... Por outro lado, / Em compensação, On the other hand,

2 Da mesma forma, / Por seu turno Enquanto que / Ao passo que Entretanto, / No entanto, Embora / Mesmo que Em último caso, Mesmo assim, Apesar de Além disto, Não apenas, mas também Afora isso, Pelo menos De qualquer modo, / Seja como for, Likewise While / Whereas However, Although / Even though / Even if As a last resort, Nevertheless, / Still, In spite of / Despite Besides that, / In addition to that, Not only, but also Aside from that, At least Anyway, / At any rate, / In any case, Senão / Caso contrário / Sob pena de... Otherwise / Or else... Ao contrário de Em vez de / Ao invés de A não ser que A não ser por / Com excepção de Uma vez que / Já que Afinal Por exemplo, Em função de / Devido a Por esta razão, / Neste sentido / Desta forma, / Diante do exposto, / Levando isto em consideração, Portanto, Finalmente, / Por fim, Levando tudo isso em consideração, / Em resumo, Unlike Instead of / In place of Unless Except for Since After all For example, / For instance, In face of / Due to For this reason, / With this in mind, Therefore, / So, Finally, / At last, All things considered, / Finally, / In summary,

3 Abaixo segue uma lista abrangente de palavras e locuções conectivas, agrupadas por tipo de ligação que estabelecem. Esta lista é de utilidade especialmente para alunos avançados que possuem boa familiaridade com redacção em Inglês: INTRODUCTION as referred to (at) first by the way changing the subject concerning first of all in the first place initially on the one hand regarding speaking of to begin with to start with AGREEMENT according to as per in accordance in agreement in conformity CONTRAST after (all) alternatively although as opposed to but by the same token conversely despite even though for all that for (my, his,...) part however in contrast in (the) face of in (the) light of in spite of (that) meanwhile nevertheless nonetheless notwithstanding on the contrary on the other hand still again though unlike whereas while yet COMPARISON comparing likewise in comparison (with) in the same way similarly EMPHASIS above all a key feature a major concern definitely especially significant even more in any event in fact in particular more important(ly) most important(ly) particularly positively primarily principally specifically the basic cause the chief factor the key point the main reason unquestionably valuable to note without a doubt ADDITION again also and () as well as besides both... and either... or equally important further furthermore in addition (to) jointly last but not least likewise moreover neither... nor next not only... but also not to mention not to speak of on top of that or plus similarly together with what's more

4 TIME RELATIONSHIP after a while afterward(s) as time goes by at last at present at this point currently here immediately in the meantime lately later meanwhile now nowadays presently shortly (after) simultaneously since so far soon temporarily thereafter throughout thereupon until up until now while yet SEQUENCE OF EVENTS first second third following next later after that finally EXPLANATION OF CAUSE OR CONSEQUENCE as because due to for in order that now that since so (that) that is because that is why RESULT accordingly as a consequence as a result consequently for this reason hence in short so much (so) that so... that such... that thereby therefore thus truly CIRCUMSTANCES as a last resort as a rule from the standpoint of in my opinion in terms of in the midst of on the part of PARTIAL COMMITMENT as far as I know as far as I'm concerned as far as I understand as well as I know for the time being so far CONDITION as long as even if if if not in case of in case (that) in the event of in the event (that) only if or (else) otherwise provided (that) providing (that) whether or not DISMISSAL anyway at any rate in any case whatever the case may be

5 EXCEPTION / EXCLUSION aside from except for not... yet unless EXAMPLE for example for instance in another case including in particular in this case in this manner namely such as take the case of that is the following example to illustrate PURPOSE for this reason for your information in an effort to in order to in return for to the purpose of to this end with this in mind with this purpose SUBSTITUTION in place of instead of or rather in exchange for REITERATION / REFORMULATION as I have said in other words more simply rather that is to put it another way INTERMEDIATING by by means of in doing so this way through (which) CONCESSION after all although it is true that although this may be true granted that I admit it may appear that of course EVIDENCE as you (anyone) can see certainly evidently it's no wonder needless to say obviously of course without question without a doubt CONCLUSION / SUMMARY after all all in all all things considered as I have said as we have seen at last finally in brief in conclusion in short in summary last(ly) on the whole overall thus to conclude to summarize to sum up