Book of Abstracts SEMINAR ON BIOMECHANICS, HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE IIIENVIRONMENT

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1 SEMINAR ON BIOMECHANICS, HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE IIIENVIRONMENT HEALTH CO-BENEFITS OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION THE ADAPTACLIMA II PROJECT th May 2014 UTAD - Vila Real Book of Abstracts

2 3 rd Seminar on Biomechanics, Health and Sustainable Environment Coordination: Ronaldo Eugénio Calçada Dias Gabriel Maria Helena Rodrigues Moreira Ana Maria Pires Alencoão Luís Manuel Oliveira Sousa Edna Carla Janeiro Cabecinha da Câmara Sampaio José Aurélio Marques Faria ISBN: May 2014 Vila Real Portugal 1

3 WELCOME BOAS VINDAS WELCOME MESSAGE Dear friends, colleagues and students We warmly welcome all the participants and contributors to the 3rd SEMINAR ON BIOMECHANICS, HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT: HEALTH CO- BENEFITS OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION THE ADAPTACLIMA II PROJECT, a useful forum for exchanging knowledge and experience around biomechanics, components of well being and channels of human interaction with nature. In this 3rd edition, our special attention were to the health co-benefits of climate change mitigation. Mitigation and adaptation of climate change has generated several policy documents with lifestyle recommendations that most of them are socially uncomfortable and economically painful. However, there is current evidence and potential co-benefits of alternative practices, and environmental strategies that minimize the effects of climate change and improve health and well-being. In this context, the European Project Adaptación al Cambio Climático en el Sudoe (SOE3/P2/E477), known as ADAPTACLIMA II, started on November 8th 2012 in Miengo (Cantabria, Spain), aims to develop actions in the INTERREG SUDOE region by capitalizing on the findings and recommendations of previous projects and studies and disseminating them to the general public and the private sector. Information and awareness resulting from ADAPTACLIMA II will be used to build a tool to help define European economic policy. This event provided graduate and postgraduate students from different scientific backgrounds the opportunity to present and discuss their work in an open scientific environment. The information generated with regards to environmental resources, architecture and practice guidelines related to hiking users, aims at promoting exercise and health. Special thanks must be given to the members of the Scientific Committee for their past, present and future advice. We sincerely hope to see new contacts and collaborations, as well as new ideas and new work, soon generated from the intense program set for the ADAPTACLIMA II PROJECT. Ronaldo Eugénio Calçada Dias Gabriel on behalf of the Organizing Committee 2

4 COMMITTEES BOAS VINDAS COMMITTEE OF HONOUR António Fontaínhas Fernandes (Dean of the University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro - UTAD) António José Rocha Martins da Silva (Vice-Rector for Science, Technology and Innovation, UTAD) Luís Herculano Melo de Carvalho (President of the School of Life Sciences and Environment, UTAD) José Boaventura Ribeiro da Cunha (President of the School of Science and Technology, UTAD) Eduardo Augusto dos Santos Rosa (Director of the Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences - CITAB) Pilar Argos Martinez (President of the Mancomunidad de Municipios Sostenibles de Cantabria - MMS) Ágata Cristina Marques Aranha (Director of the Department of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, UTAD) SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Ana Maria Pires Alencoão (UTAD/ECVA/DG/CGUC, Portugal) António Jaime da Eira Sampaio (UTAD/ECVA/DCDES/CIDESD, Portugal) António Silva (UTAD/ECVA/DCDES/CIDESD, Portugal) Artur Agostinho de Abreu e Sá (UTAD/ECVA/DG/CGUC, Portugal) Catarina Isabel Neto Gavião Abrantes (UTAD/ECVA/DCDES/CIDESD, Portugal) Cristina López de Subijana Hernández (FCAFD-INEF/ DCSAFDO, Spain) Debbie Marsden (University of Exeter Medical School, UK) Edna Carla Janeiro Cabecinha Da Câmara Sampaio (UTAD/ECVA/DEBA/CITAB, Portugal) Eduardo Augusto dos Santos Rosa (UTAD/ECAV/DA/CITAB, Portugal) Filipa Manuel Alves Machado De Sousa (UP/FDUP/ CIFI2D, Portugal) Francisco Alexandre Ferreira Biscaia Godinho (UTAD/ECT/DE, Portugal) Jairo Antonio da Paixão (UFV/FM/ NUPAFS, Brazil) 3

5 COMMITTEES COORDENAÇÃO E COMISSÕES João Manuel Cunha da Silva Abrantes (ULHTL/MovLab, Portugal) João Manuel Ribeiro da Silva Tavares (FEUP/DEM, Portugal) João Paulo Vilas Boas Soares Campos (UP/FDUP/ CIFI2D, Portugal) José Aurélio Marques Faria (UBI, DCD, CIDESD, Portugal) José Martinho Lourenço (UTAD/ECVA/DG/CGUC, Portugal) Leandro José Rodrigues Machado (UP/FDUP/ CIFI2D, Portugal) Luís Felgueiras e Sousa Quaresmas (UTAD/ECVA/DCDES/CIDESD, Portugal) Luis José Calçada Torres Pereira (UTAD, ECT/DE, Portugal) Luís Manuel de Oliveira e Sousa (UTAD/ECVA/DG/CGUC, Portugal) Marco Paulo Duarte Naia (UTAD/DF/ IIIUC-CEMUC, Portugal) Maria do Céu dos Reis Roseiro Pinto de Almeida (ESHTE, Portugal) Maria Elisa Preto Gomes (UTAD/ECVA/DG/CGUC, Portugal) Maria Helena Rodrigues Moreira (UTAD/ECVA/DCDES/CIDESD, Portugal) Nuno Garrido (UTAD/ECVA/DCDES/CIDESD, Portugal) Paola Silvia Wood (University of Pretoria, Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences, ZA) Ronaldo Eugénio Calçada Dias Gabriel (UTAD/ECVA/DCDES/CITAB, Portugal) Sarah Goldingay (University of Exeter, College of Humanities-Drama, UK) ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Ana Maria Pires Alencoão (UTAD/ECVA/DG/CG) Edna Carla J. Cabecinha (UTAD, ECVA, DEBA, CITAB) José Aurélio Marques Faria (UBI, DCD, CIDESD) Luís Manuel Oliveira Sousa (UTAD, ECVA, DG, CG) Maria Helena R. Moreira (UTAD, ECVA, DCDES, CIDESD) Ronaldo E. Calçada Dias Gabriel (UTAD, ECVA, DCDES, CITAB) 4

6 RESEARCH UNITS Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro Ambientais e Biológicas Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano Centro de Geofísica da Universidade de Coimbra Centro de Geociências da Universidade de Coimbra Laboratório de Animação Digital e Biomecânica do Movimento Humano Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil Centro de Investigação, Formação, Intervenção e Inovação em Desporto Centro de Investigação em Comunicação Aplicada, Cultura e Novas Tecnologias Laboratório de Biomecânica do Porto 5

7 SPONSORS EU/EU FEDER/ERDF 6

8 INDEX ORAL PRESENTATIONS OC.1 Risk and safety perception on canyoning, experience and necessary confidence to the practice Quaresma, L., Brandão, A. OC.2 Using GPS systems to monitor team sports performance Gonçalves, B., Marcelino, R., Leite, N., Sampaio, J OC.3 EU environment action programme to 2020 and climate change. An interdisciplinary opportunity Quevedo, J OC.4 Climate change mitigation: conceptual framework Santos, J. OC.5 The influence of different impulse magnitudes in the variability of musculo-articular stiffness around the ankle joint Faria, A., Gabriel, R., Moreira, H., Abrantes, J. OC.6 Computational fluid dynamics in sports: an example of practical implications to sports performance Silva, A. Marinho, D OC.7 Old principles for a sustainable adaptation to heat waves resting on solar energy, water, trees and intelligence Berthoumieu, J. OC. 8 Physics and models of human walking Naia, M. OC. 9 Temporal parameters of foot roll-over during walking straight ahead and stepping over obstacles in postmenopausal women Silva, D., Gabriel, R., Moreira, H., Abrantes, J., Faria, A. POSTER PRESENTATIONS PSC.1 Proposta de um programa de exercício em meio natural para mulheres pósmenopáusicas

9 INDEX Carolina Pinto, Helena Moreira, Maria Teixeira, Ana Oliveira, Catarina Abrantes, Ronaldo Gabriel PSC.2 Controlo dos valores da pressão arterial através da prática de caminhada Ana Ribeiro, Bruno Teixeira, Carlos Santos, Fábio Rodrigues, João Cardoso, Sandra Saavedra PSC.3 Obesidade pediátrica: pertinência da prática de atividade física em contexto natural.. 22 Acácio Pires, Bruno Teixeira, Diogo Sena, Guilherme Malheiro, João Correia, Pedro Ribeiro PSC.4 Envolvimento e obesidade pediátrica Adriana Andrade, Ana Anjos, Inês Lima, Joana Guedes, Maria Serra, Tânia Silva PSC.5 Proposta de um programa de exercício para crianças e adolescentes obesos Carolina Santos Pinto, Daniel Castro, Filipe Gomes, Maria Teixeira, João Lopes PSC.6 Parque Corgo: uma estrutura de promoção da atividade física na cidade de Vila Real 25 André Fonseca, Gabriela Silva, Joana Barbosa, João Fonseca, Luís Pacheco, Paulo Magalhães PSC.7 Envolvimento, atividade física e obesidade Albano Ferreira, Carlos Pinto, Ricardo Gomes, Samuel Silva, Tiago Ferreira PSC.8 Osteoporose: importância da prática de atividade física ao ar livre Alejandro Garmon, Andreia Lourenço PSC.9 Importância dos espaços verdes na promoção da atividade física em indivíduos com sobrecarga ponderal Diogo Silva, Gabriel Vilas Boas, Francisco Velho, Frederico Sampaio, José Teixeira, João Amaral PPES.1 Planeamento urbano: importância da criação de ambientes promotores para a prática de atividade física José Maia, Miguel Alvarenga, Miguel Azevedo PPES.2 Importância da prática de atividade física em contexto natural na prevenção e no controlo dos níveis de adiposidade Ana Cruz, Ana Costa, Ana Vieira, Bruno Carvalho, Cristiana Barros, Ivan Torres PPES.3 Obesidade e atividade física António Vieira, Joana Marques, Marisa Figueiredo, Paula Monteiro, Paula Sousa, Ricardo Rodrigues PPES.4 Controlo da pressão arterial através da prática da caminhada Ana Gomes, Bruna Ferreira, Bruno Sousa, Fábio Matos, José Fernandes, José Lima PPES.5 Importância da prática de atividade física ao ar livre no indivíduo com osteoporose 33 8

10 INDEX João Silva, Rui Castro, Luis Diogo PPES.6 Exercício físico na osteoporose: importância da prática ao ar livre Daniel Gonçalves, Jorge Borges, José Santos, Luis Leite, Rúben Marques, Rui Magalhães PPES.7 Nordic Walking e diabetes mellitus Artur Júnior, Bruno Veloso, Filipe Carvalho, Hélder Coelho PBE.1 Biomecânica do caminhar em crianças: desenvolvimento do caminhar independente 36 Ana Gomes, Diogo Ribeiro, Francisco Beires, Sofia Marques PBE.2 A evolução da locomoção bípede Ana Nóbrega, Andreia Almeida, Beatriz Pereira, Cláudia Montes, Joana Serrano PBE.3 Biomecânica do ballet Andreia Machado, Mónica Rodrigues, Sandra Araújo PBE.4 Efeitos da obesidade na caminhada Anabela Pessoa, Daniela Martins, Joana Pires, Leila Mesquita, Tânia Macedo PBE.5 Caminhar em adultos e idosos: diferenças cinemáticas do comportamento do pé Ana Antunes, Ana Azevedo, Joana Oliveira, Marta Ferreira, Samuel Macedo PBE.6 Biomecânica das próteses do joelho Sara Vieira, Tiago Reis PBE.7 Biomechanical characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis Ana Silva, Filipe Mourão, Joana Lagoa, João Cunha PREHA.1 Análise biomecânica do caminhar em idosos Ana Azevedo, Cátia Fernandes, Pedro Magalhães, Raquel Diogo PREHA.2 Biomecânica da locomoção em indivíduos com amputações transfemorais e transtibiais Luísa Pires, Sara Marinho PREHA.3 Complexo articular do ombro na deslocação em cadeira de rodas Hélio Lourenço, Ricardo Fernandes, Sandra da Silva PG.1 Rio Olo e Fisgas de Ermelo: divulgação com base no geocaching Adriana Gonçalves, Morgana Durães, Paulo Ventura, Luís Sousa 9

11 INDEX PG.2 Areias e argilitos transmontanos e suas aplicações industriais e em reconstituições paleoclimáticas Cátia Teixeira, Bruno Lopes, Elisa Gomes, Rui Teixeira PG.3 Maravilhas naturais escondidas : o Algar do Pena Bruno Lopes, Rafaela Machado, Vera Mateus, Ana Alencoão PG.4 Significado paleogeográfico dos metacalcários e mármores do nordeste de Portugal Leandro Vieira, Vitor Valente, Elisa Gomes, Rui Teixeira PG.5 Formas exocársicas do Parque Natural das Serras de Aire e Candeeiros (Maciço Calcário Estremenho) Ezequiel Sousa, Patrícia Santos, Ana Alencoão PG.6 Gnaisses ocelados de Lagoa Maciço de Morais ponto-chave para o turismo científico Miguel Pedro, Patrick Gnudi, Elisa Gomes, Rui Teixeira PG.7 Proposta de percursos pedestres na zona das Fisgas de Ermelo Ana Ferreira, Ana Costa, Luís Rodrigues, Pedro Cabral, Martinho Lourenço, Luís Sousa PG.8 Rocha da Pena: geomonumento numa região calcária Márcia Silva, Joana Barroso, Luís Gonçalves, Ana Alencoão PG.9 Património cultural da região do Parque Natural do Alvão Iva Santos, Luís Sousa PG.10 Os serpentinitos de Donai novas potencialidades de uso para sequestração de CO2. 57 Diogo Santos, José Baganha, Elisa Gomes, Rui Teixeira PG.11 Talcoxistos e asbestos do nordeste de Trás-os-Montes e riscos para a saúde humana. 58 Sara Silva, Ana Rodrigues, Tiago Vieira, Elisa Gomes, Rui Teixeira PG.12 Xistos uma marca identitária no património da humanidade no norte de Portugal Ângela Machado, Sara Pereira, Elisa Gomes, Rui Teixeira 10

12 ORAL PRESENTATIONS OC.1 Oral Presentation # 1 PERCEÇÃO DO RISCO E SEGURANÇA NO CANYONING, A EXPERIÊNCIA E CONFIANÇA NECESSÁRIA PARA A PRÁTICA DA MODALIDADE Luís Quaresma 1, António Brandão 2. 1 Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, CIDESD, Portugal., 2 Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Educação, Portugal. O estudo por nós apresentado enquadra-se no âmbito das atividades de desporto aventura (ADA), especificamente na modalidade de Canyoning. Este desporto engloba riscos na sua prática, podendo os mesmos serem diminuídos perante a análise e a experiência do desportista. Um dos motivos para a escolha deste tema é o facto de existirem ainda poucos estudos na área (Hardiman & Burgin, 2010a, 2010b; Hardiman & Burgin, 2011; Mao, 2003; Perrin & Mounet, 2006), centrando-se as linhas de investigação do Canyoning fundamentalmente no âmbito do impacto ambiental e social que este desporto detém na natureza e nas populações envolventes. Deste modo, as linhas de pesquisa associadas à perceção do risco e segurança na perspetiva dos desportistas e como estes se encontram a nível emocional perante o desafio de um Canyoning, são ainda áreas pouco estudadas. Para tal, planeamos recorrer ao paradigma quantitativo-correlacional como metodologia de investigação, com a elaboração e validação de instrumentos que avaliem a perceção de risco e a segurança dos praticantes desta modalidade. Com esta investigação esperamos conseguir identificar quais os riscos inerentes aos desportistas, quais os fatores críticos da segurança e como proceder perante tais situações no meio envolvente. Palavras-chave: Desporto aventura, canyoning, risco e segurança, autoconfiança. 11

13 ORAL PRESENTATIONS OC.2 USING GPS SYSTEMS TO MONITOR TEAM SPORTS PERFORMANCE Bruno Gonçalves, Rui Marcelino, Nuno Leite, Jaime Sampaio. CreativeLab/CIDESD, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Team sports practices and competition monitoring have improved with the advances in high frequency technologies that capture players dynamic positioning data. In this sense, the GPS systems changed the performance analysis process and are being widely used in team sports. Mainly, the devices allow to gathered in-field data related to three major players dimensions: (i) physiological demands, by integrated the heart rate values from short-range radio telemetry; (ii) physical demands, by record real-time data concerning time, speed, distance, position, altitude, direction and by integrated a 100 Hz accelerometer; (iii) and tactical behaviour, measured by dynamic players positioning based on a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate representation (i.e., x and y). This novel information can be used to optimize players performance potential and also, to measure the real demands from the designed training programs and competitions. Future approaches are focused on identifying multidimensional variables, aiming to better understand the players performances profiles and provide reliable feedback to coaches. Keyword: Positional data, physical demands, physiological demands, tactical behaviour. 12

14 ORAL PRESENTATIONS OC.3 PROGRAMA DE ACCIÓN DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA PARA 2020 Y EL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO. UNA OPORTUNIDAD INTERDISCIPLINARIA Jose Quevedo. Grupo Dex, S.A (Desarrollo de Estrategias Exteriores, S.A), Spain. La intervención consistió en una presentación de la panorámica actual de la situación de los Programas Europeos para el período El ponente hizo especial hincapié en la distinción entre Programas Operativos, Programas Centralizados y Programas de Cooperación Territorial. Esta distinción es pertinente porque suele llevar a confusión al público no familiarizado con los Programas Europeos. El ponente explicó que los proyectos enmarcados en los Programas Operativos están reservados prácticamente a autoridades públicas nacionales y regionales (negociación política). En cambio, sí son programas de acceso universal los Programas Centralizados aquellos que se convocan directamente por la Comisión Europea- y los Programas de Cooperación Territorial cuya gestión se lleva a cabo por organismos públicos de los países que cooperan en los proyectos. Entre los principales programas centralizados el ponente habló de las posibilidades que ofrecen al mundo de la investigación el Programa Horizon 2020 y también destacó al Programa LIFE + como instrumento de máxima importancia para la cofinanciación de proyectos de medioambiente. El ponente también destacó el Programa Erasmus + como un instrumento de alta importancia para la realización de proyectos de movilidad de estudiantes y de profesores. Por último, Jose Quevedo destacó entre los Programas de Cooperación Territorial aquellos que tienen carácter transfronterizo (España-Portugal); los que se pueden realizar en el Arco Atlántico (Programa Espacio Atlántico) y por último, el programa de cooperación Sudoeste Europeo (que es el que está financiando a través del proyecto Adaptaclima gran parte del Seminario que se está desarrollando estos dos días en la UTAD). José Quevedo animó a los participantes a desmitificar y quitar el miedo a participar en Programas Europeos y resaltó el valor de los proyectos comunitarios como un elemento de participación ciudadana, ahora que Europa está precisamente atravesando una crisis de identidad. Palabras clave: Programas europeos, proyectos comunitarios. 13

15 ORAL PRESENTATIONS OC.4 CLIMATE CHANGE: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK João A. Santos. University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, CITAB, Department of Physics, Portugal. The holistic definition of climate comprises the entire Earth system, i.e. all the components that make up our planet, from the atmosphere, the central component, to the hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere and lithosphere. In fact, all of these components interchange with each other through multiple transfer processes in a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The solar radiation that reaches the top of the atmosphere is the primary energy source of this system and is subject to fluctuations related to changes in solar activity and in the Earth's orbital parameters. This radiation is reflected, scattered and absorbed by different components of the climate system. However, human activities have reinforced this natural greenhouse effect by emission of greenhouse gases, leading to an energy imbalance of the planet, thus affecting not only the global climate, but also regional and local conditions. The anthropogenic forcing is manifested by e.g. warming trends. In effect, according to several climate simulations, these trends cannot be explained only by natural forcings, thus having a predominantly anthropogenic cause. As no reversal of the greenhouse gas emission pathway is expected in the upcoming decades, the human-driven climate change will continue to intensify. Therefore, it is urgent to take appropriate adaptation and mitigation measures to cope with future climate change. Mechanisms, such as the carbon market, aimed at enhancing and promoting more sustainable eco-innovative practices and more environmentally sustainable economic development. Climate change is a reality and is here to stay. The analysis of climate projections to assess possible impacts on various socio-economic sectors and the development of measures to mitigate its negative impacts are urgent and in our hands. Keywords: Climate variability, anthropogenic forcing, emission scenarios, climate models, downscaling, adaptation-mitigation measures 14

16 ORAL PRESENTATIONS OC. 5 THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT IMPULSE MAGNITUDES IN THE VARIABILITY OF MUSCULO-ARTICULAR STIFFNESS AROUND THE ANKLE JOINT Aurélio Faria (1), Ronaldo Gabriel (2), Helena Moreira (3), Rui Brás (1), João Abrantes (4), (1) UBI, Department of Sport Science, CIDESD, Portugal, (2) UTAD, Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, CITAB, Portugal, (3) UTAD, Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, CIDESD, Portugal, (4) University of Lusophone Humanities and Technology, MovLab, Portugal. Understanding musculo-articular stiffness can provide important insights that could be used for evaluating sports performance and for injury prevention. Ankle stiffness has been frequently assessed using the free oscillation technique. In this procedure a perturbation is applied to the ankle joint and the natural damped oscillations produced are measured. Any system oscillate at its natural frequency independent of the magnitude of the impulse applied. However, the magnitude of the impulse may influence the contribution of reflex activity to stiffness. The purpose of this study was evaluate the effect of different impulse magnitudes on ankle stiffness. Twenty-six university students (age 21 ± 1.3 years, weight 75 ± 9 kg, height 1.73 ± 0.06 m and body mass index 25 ± 2.7 kg/m 2 ) participated in the present study. Ankle stiffness was measured in vivo using the free oscillation technique. A 30 kg load was placed on top of the knee and three impulses of different magnitudes (with peak forces of 100N, 150N and 200N) were applied to disturb the ankle joint. After test for assumptions (i.e. outliers, normality and sphericity) the repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to determine whether there were statistically significant differences on stiffness for each impulse. The different impulses applied elicited statistically significant changes on musculo-articular stiffness F(2, 50) = 9.448, p <.0005, partial η2 = with musculo-articular stiffness decreasing from impulse 1 (30902 ± 753 N/m) to impulse 2 (29403 ± 775 N/m) and to impulse 3 (28616 ± 618 N/m). However post hoc analysis with a Bonferroni adjustment only revealed a significant decreased in ankle stiffness from impulse 1 to impulse 2 and from impulse 1 to impulse 3. The present study suggest that caution should be taken when comparing and interpreting published results that assessed ankle stiffness using the free oscillation technique where the impulses were not carefully controlled. Palavras-chave: Biomechanics, free oscillation technique, musculo-articular stiffness, impulse 15

17 ORAL PRESENTATIONS OC.6 COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS IN SPORTS: AN EXAMPLE OF PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS TO SPORTS PERFORMANCE António J. Silva 1,2, Nuno D. Garrido 1,2, Abel I. Rouboa 3, Daniel A. Marinho 2,4. 1 University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro. Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, Portugal; 2 Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD); 3 University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro. Department of Engineering, Portugal; 4 University of Beira Interior. Department of Sport Sciences, Portugal. In the sports field, computational fluid dynamics techniques have been shown to provide useful information about performance and to play an important role as a complementary tool to physical experiments. Indeed, this methodology has produced significant improvements in equipment design and technique prescription in different sports (Marinho et al., 2012). Computational fluid dynamics is a branch of fluid mechanics that solves and analyses problems involving a fluid flow with computer-based simulations. Computational fluid dynamics methodology consists of a mathematical model that replaces the Navier-Stokes equations with discretized algebraic expressions that can be solved by iterative computerized calculations. In sports science, this methodology has been applied in order to better understand and to improve human performance. Thus, the numerical techniques have been addressed to study the propulsive forces generated by the propelling segments and the drag forces resisting forward motion, especially in aquatic activities (Marinho et al., 2009). This presentation aims to analyze the scope of computational fluid dynamics, presenting some practical examples of the application of this methodology in sports. We will emphasize the application of this methodology under the scope of aquatic sports, underling some studies that have been conducted by our research team, especially in the Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development. Keywords: Aquatics, human, models, forces. Marinho, D.A., Barbosa, T.M., Kjendlie, P.L., Vilas-Boas, J.P., Alves, F.B., Rouboa, A.I., & Silva, A.J. (2009). Swimming simulation: a new tool for swimming research and practical applications. In: M. Peters (ed.), Lecture notes in computational science and engineering CFD for sport simulation (pp ). Berlin: Springer; Marinho, D.A, Mantha, V.R., Rouboa, A.I., & Silva, AJ. (2012). Numerical simulation of viscous flow around kayak. A comparison of different design models. In: D. Lacoviello, & U. Andreaus (eds.), Biomedical imaging and computational modeling in biomechanics (pp ). Berlin: Springer. 16

18 ORAL PRESENTATIONS OC.7 OLD PRINCIPLES FOR A SUSTANIABLE ADAPTATION TO HEAT WAVES RESTING ON SOLAR ENERGY, WATER, TREES AND INTELLIGENCE Jean-François Berthoumieu. Middle Garonne Climatological Association, France ACMG is an Association of Farmers of the South-West of France working since 1959 on means to reduce the negative impacts of climate scourges as frost, hail and droughts Since 2007 it works on climate change adaptation and is now participating in the new program ADAPTACLIMA II, ACMG is specialized in irrigation remote sensing and uses thermal pictures from the satellite Landsat for sending farmers detailed information about the level of hydraulic comfort and stress of crops. The experience gained during the program completed their knowledge and allowed to transfer some of that expertise for urban climatology in which ACMG works now. Since 2008, Jean-François Berthoumieu, director of ACMG, proposes reducing fossil energy use in towns for air conditioning during summer, by improving the storage of water during winter for irrigating trees during heat waves. These irrigated trees will maintain locally and downwind a cooler temperature of 3 to 15 C than it would be in a parking without vegetation or a terrace with gravel. The idea is reducing the temperature outside a building to decrease the duration of air conditioning. This principle opposes the actual standard of cooling indoor private spaces with fossil energy and throwing calories and CO2 in the outdoor public space. This old way of living was the main principle of urbanization during the antique times. Today the main obstacles to reintroduce these sustainable traditions are: - The low cost of fossil energy including nuclear electricity that allows producing, into private rooms, cool air when it is hot outside. - The principles of Nordic Anglo-Saxon Ecology that are driving European Environment rules for water management and particularly non encouraging the artificial storage of running water during fall, winter and early spring for an efficient use during heat waves through irrigation of crops in farms and trees in towns. - The deficit of space in towns for trees with available natural water without chloride. Keywords: Climate change, fossil energy, water management. 17

19 ORAL PRESENTATIONS OC.8 PHYSICS AND MODELS OF HUMAN WALKING Marco Duarte Naia. University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Department of Physics, CEMUC, Portugal. Humans walk almost all in the same manner: gait is a periodic movement of each foot from one position of support to the next position of support in the direction of progression. The process of walking involves moving the center of gravity up and down and swinging of arms. This talk reviews and compares different inverted pendulum models to represent the human normal walking. The implementation of realistic models enables a direct simulation and identifications of the principal determinates of human gait.in the second part, it will be shown the use of inertial sensors to register and analyze the human walking and eventually to detect pathological anomalies. Keywords: Biomechanic, gait, foot. 18

20 ORAL PRESENTATIONS OC. 9 TEMPORAL PARAMETERS OF FOOT ROLL-OVER DURING WALKING STRAIGHT AHEAD AND STEPPING OVER AN OBSTACLE IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN David Silva (1), Ronaldo Gabriel (2), Helena Moreira (3), João Abrantes (4), Aurélio Faria University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, CITAB, Portugal; (2) University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, CITAB, Portugal; (3) University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Department of Sport Sciences, Exercise and Health, CIDESD, Portugal; (4) University Lusófona of Humanities and Technologies, MovLab, CICANT, Portugal; (5) University of Beira Interior, Department of Sport Science, CIDESD, Portugal. (5). (1) There is a lack of studies that evaluate the effect of stepping over obstacles during walking despite its frequent occurrence during daily activities which also induce important modifications in foot behaviour. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare, the temporal characteristics of foot roll-over between the following tasks: (W1) walking straightforward; and (W2) walking forward stepping over obstacles. Thirty-one postmenopausal women participated in this study. Plantar pressure parameters were evaluated for the trailing foot by a Footscan platform using the two-step protocol. The height of the obstacle to overcome was 30% of leg length. The initial contact (IC), final contact (FC) and duration of contact time (DC) was obtained for 10 anatomical pressure areas during foot roll-over. Five instants and four phases of foot roll-over were determined. T-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed during statistical analysis. In W2 the foot contact duration was longer. The IC (areas: MF, M5-M1, T2-5 and T1) the FC of T1 and the FMC and FFF occurred significantly earlier in W2. The FC (regions: M5-M1) occurred significantly later in W2. The DC (areas: M5-M1, T2-5 and T1) was significantly superior in W2 and the duration of the ICP phase was shorter. The sequence in which different foot areas leave the ground diverges between tasks. During W2 the trailing foot had longer contact duration, this can be explained by the time required to generate sufficient vertical impulse to overcome the obstacle by the leading foot. Differences were also found between tasks in some foot areas for IC, FC and DC. Such differences could be related to trail limb s role, which demands a stable support for the leading limb and an increase of vertical and anterior posterior push-off forces. Keywords: plantar pressure, gait. 19