II JORNADAS DE SINALIZAÇÃO
The Rainvision Project Influence of the performance of road markings on driver s behaviour Wet night visibility
European Road Safety Action Programme
The context Road markings and Safety BACKGROUND Previous EU research and studies (COST 331 and Improver) Road markings are essential for the driver s comfort During dry night time conditions Need for research on wet / wet and rainy conditions
The context Road markings and Safety ON THE ROAD USER S SIDE Ageing population, older drivers Increingly mobile Longer reaction time Reduced vision capacities How to adapt the infrtructure to meet their needs? Visibility and retro reflectivity of road markings
Ageing Population 2005
Ageing Population 2030
Ageing Population 2050
Vision Capacities 20 years old driver s vision 60 years old driver s vision
Objectives Study the influence of road markings on driver s behaviour In all weather conditions (dry, wet, wet and rainy) during night time Analyse how different age groups and different gender groups adapt their driving behaviour bed on Visibility Retro reflectivity of road markings
Characteristics Duration: 36 months Budget: +/ 785,000 / 50% co financed by DG MOVE Consortium (5 partners): ERF Aximum (FR) 3 M (DE) YTI (AT) RSMA (UK)
Structure Overview WP 1: Management WP 2: Simulation Studies WP 3: Track Test WP 4: On-road Test WP 5: Recommendations Handbook WP 6: Dissemination
WP 2: Simulation Studies Use of computer simulation technology Simulated two-way rural road with paved shoulders
WP 2: Simulation Studies Two experimental modalities: Driving scenario in night dry and rain conditions including enhanced visible road markings Driving scenario in night dry and rain conditions including standard visible road markings NB: Visual abilities for night time driving tested for interpretable results
WP 2: Simulation Studies 2 major issues analysed
WP 2: Simulation Studies Results Number of errors (run-off the road and run-off the lane): 70% higher when driving under standard vs enhanced road markings Improvement of the visibility of road markings made a big difference for the age groups (20-40) and (60+) but not for the intermediate category (41-60)
WP 3: Track test Overview Several track tests during night time and with different conditions Dry Wet Wet and rainy Use of in-vehicle video and data capturing technology Objective: Study driver behaviour Under different conditions
WP 3: Track test Experimental Design of the Track Test Scenario 1: no or existing (non-reflective) lane marking (beline) Scenario 2: marking material I (wet night visibility performance material) Scenario 3: marking material II (enhanced wet night visibility performance material)
WP 3: Track test Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Beline Material I Material II
WP 3: Track test Implementation Several runs through specifically chosen road sections Completing track in 3 different night time situations (dry, wet, wet & rainy)
WP 3: Track test
WP 3: Track test
WP 3: Track test Results Driving comfort, clearness and perceptibility of track trajectory tested best with wet-reflective material (type II) Wet reflective material (type II) increes driving comfort For older drivers, driving comfort increes considerably with wet night visible material compared to standard beline
WP 3: Track test Other results Better markings resulted in incree in speed of 2 5 km/h This w compensated by: Better anticipation of track trajectory Better preview times This should not be considered a traffic safety risk
WP 4: On road tests Objectives Evaluate the impact of: Wet-night markings on road locations known to have accident histories linked to visibility and driver speed Trials in UK and France Final processings of French trials still in progress
WP 4: On road tests UK Trials Implementation (Stage 1) Site identification and initial data collection Identify of high risk sites suitable for application of high performance materials (in cooperation with Durham County Council) Collect initial data of accident statistics over previous 12 month period Establishment of beline driver speed data on all selected sites with up to 6 weeks data collected on each site
RAINVISION WP 4: On road tests 2 Jornad de Sinalização SESSÕES TÉCNICAS
WP 4: On road tests UK Trials Implementation (Stage 2) Discrete monitoring of driver speed on each site over a climatic cycle (10 mobile camer locations) Collection of accident statistics for one climatic cycle period following initial installation Comparison period: summer 2012 vs summer 2013 and winter 2012 vs winter 2013
WP 4: On road tests
WP 4: On road tests UK Trials Analysis Average speed in 2013 w lower compared to 2012 by 2 mph Overall accidents increed on selected sites (21 vs 14) BUT, analysis of accidents police reports indicate that these accidents are not linked to road markings Alcohol Slippery road Loss of control Unexpected crossing vehicle
WP 4: On road tests Conclusions & Recommendations Enhanced retroreflective markings do not lead vehicle speed to increed Performance of markings likely to lead to lower accident risks Survey side is small larger survey required to compensate for bi created by variations (weather, climate, apparatus, traffic ) Additional research should also consider looking at vehicle lateral location
WP 5: Recommendation Handbook Objectives Produce a series of recommendations concerning: Road marking applications Related driver behaviour Guidelines for specifiers and regulators to choose from available performance clses within EN 1436 Rainvision focuses on wet or rainy conditions at night but also considers performance for daytime
WP 5: Recommendation Handbook Min. maintained performance level of R L in dry conditions: Cls R3 (min. 150 mcd/lux/m 2 ) (also relevant for Lane Departure Warning Systems LDWS ) Minimum performance level of R L in rain conditions: Cls RR2 (min. 35 mcd/lux/m 2 ) (for markings in use) Alternatively for wet conditions: Cls RW3 (min. 50 mcd/lux/m 2 )
IN LINE WITH THE ERF POSITION PAPER ON ROAD MARKINGS Minimum intervention and maintenance policies for road markings Guarantee of visible horizontal signage all year round Minimum marking width: 150 mm Minimum performance under dry conditions: 150 mcd/lux/m 2 Minimum performance under wet conditions: 35 mcd/lux/m 2 http://www.erf.be/images/erf_paper_on_road_markings_releed.pdf Available in English, French, German and Italian
The Voice of the European Road Obrigado pela atenção European Union Road Federation (ERF) Place Stéphanie, 6 / B B-1050 BRUSSELS www.erf.be www. rainvision.eu