INGLÊS, 2º Ano If Clauses

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2 INGLÊS, 2º Ano If Clauses

3 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses CONDITIONAL (IF) CLAUSES As orações condicionais (if clauses) expressam a dependência entre uma circunstância ou condição e um fato ou resultado. Estas circunstâncias e fatos podem ser presentes, passados ou futuros. a) a oração condicional (que exprime a condição), introduzida por if. b) a oração principal (main clause), que menciona a consequência.

4 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses ATTENTION!!! a) A oração condicional pode vir antes ou depois da oração principal. É necessário usar vírgula quando iniciar a frase: If he wants to pass, he has to study. (Se ele quer passar, ele tem que estudar.) OBS: Quando a condição significar "caso", usa-se if: If it rains today, I'll stay at home. (Se chover / Caso chova hoje, ficarei em casa.)

5 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses CLASSIFICAÇÃO As If clauses podem ser classificadas em quatro tipos: ZERO CONDITIONAL FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL THIRD CONDITIONAL

6 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses Zero Conditional É formada com as duas orações no presente: É usada para: if + simple present + simple present 1. Expressar ações decorrentes de leis naturais ou universais. Fish die if they stay out of water. (Os peixes morrem se ficam fora da água.) If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils. (Se você esquenta(r) a água a 100 graus Celsius, ela ferve.) Imagem: Benjah-bmm27 / Public domain.

7 Imagem: EagleOne / GNU Free Documentation License. INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses Zero Conditional 2. Expressar situações gerais que são sempre verdade, quer dizer, dada aquela condição expressa pela oração condicional, obtém-se um resultado determinado. If you press the button, the machine starts to work. (Se você aperta(r) o botão, a máquina começa a funcionar.) If you touch the car, the alarm goes off. (Se você toca(r) no carro, o alarme dispara.)

8 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses Zero Conditional 3. Dar uma ordem ou instrução: Please call me if you have any problems. (Por favor, ligue para mim se você tiver algum problema.) If you need help, talk to the supervisor. (Se você precisar de ajuda, fale com o supervisor.) Imagem: Neurosurgeon23 /

9 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses First Conditional ESTRUTURA VERBAL DA FIRST CONDITIONAL: if + simple present + simple future Expressa situações ou ações possíveis ou prováveis de acontecerem no futuro. Examples: If it doesn't rain, I will go to the beach. (Se não chover, irei para praia.) Imagem: Ratte / GNU Free Documentation License.

10 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses First Conditional É possível o uso do imperativo na oração principal para dar instruções, aconselhar ou ainda falar sobre possibilidades no futuro, caso a condição expressa se cumpra. A estrutura é a seguinte: Example: if + simple present + imperativo ou modal If you want to come with us, put on your sweater. (Se você quer vir com a gente, ponha seu blusão.)

11 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses Second Conditional É usada para expressar ações ou situações improváveis, hipotéticas ou imaginárias no presente ou no futuro. ESTRUTURA VERBAL DA SECOND CONDITIONAL: if+ simple past + would, could, might, should + infinitivo (sem to) If I had a dictionary, I would look these words up. (Se eu tivesse um dicionário, procuraria estas palavras.) What would you do if you lose your job? (O que você faria se perdesse seu emprego?)

12 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses ATTENTION!!! 1. Nas orações condicionais, o verbo to be no passado tem a forma were para todas as pessoas. Convém salienter, entretanto, que, na linguagem mais informal, was é aceito em vez de were na 1ª e3ª pessoas: If he weren't so arrogant, I'd forgive him. (Se ele não fosse tão arrogante, eu o perdoaria.) 2. Após I e we, should pode ser usado com o mesmo significado de would. (Would é mais comum no inglês moderno; é raro o uso de should no inglês americano.): If I knew her name, I should tell you. (Se eu soubesse o nome dela, eu diria a você.)

13 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses Third Conditional Este tipo de oração condicional refere-se a uma condição nãorealizada no passado, isto é, algo que teria acontecido se um fato anterior tivesse ocorrido. Como a ação não ocorreu no passado, ela é impossível agora no presente. ESTRUTURA VERBAL DA THIRD CONDITIONAL: if + past perfect + would have, could have, might have + past participle If he had driven more carefully, he could have avoid the accident. (Se ele tivesse dirigido com mais cuidado, poderia ter evitado o acidente.) If they had studied during their vacation, they might have passed the examination. (Se eles tivessem estudado durante as férias, eles poderiam ter passado na prova.)

14 Tempos verbais empregados em cada oração condicional ZERO CONDITIONAL TEMPO VERBAL DA MAIN CLAUSE EXPRESSA UMA CONDIÇÃO if + present simple + present simple Verdadeira sempre Iron rusts if it gets wet. (Ferro enferruja se fica(r) molhado.) If you heat ice, it melts. (Se você esquenta(r) o gelo, ele derrete.)

15 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses FIRST CONDITIONAL if + simple present TEMPO VERBAL DA MAIN CLAUSE + simple future + imperativo +can/must/may/might... + infinitivo EXPRESSA UMA CONDIÇÃO Provável ou Possível If you read the text attentively, you will understand the questions. (Simple Future) (Se você ler o texto atentamente, entenderá as perguntas.) If you have any questions, send me an . (Imperativo) (Se você tiver quaisquer dúvidas, mande-me um .)

16 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses SECOND CONDITIONAL if + simple past TEMPO VERBAL DA MAIN CLAUSE + would, could, might, should + infinitivo EXPRESSA UMA CONDIÇÃO Improvável, Hipotética ou Imaginária If I had more time, I would do more interactive exercises. (Se eu tivesse mais tempo, faria mais exercícios interativos.) If I were rich, I would buy a house in Florida. (Se eu fosse rico, compraria uma casa na Flórida.)

17 INGLÊS 2º Ano If Clauses THIRD CONDITIONAL if + past perfect TEMPO VERBAL DA MAIN CLAUSE + would / could / might + have + past participle EXPRESSA UMA CONDIÇÃO Impossível If I hadn't broken my arm, I would have continued to play tennis. (Se eu não tivesse quebrado o braço, teria continuado a jogar tênis.) If you had told me, we could have done something to help you. (Se você tivesse me dito, nós poderíamos ter feito algo para lhe ajudar.)

18 Conditionals; Other Ways to Express Unreality Experiences of an International Traveler

19 Tired Traveler I wish I could brush my teeth right now. If I had more money, I would stay at better hotels. If only I had found a taxi. If the airport hadn t lost my luggage, I wouldn t have been delayed.

20 Real Conditionals Real conditionals are sentences that describe situations that occur regularly or are likely or possible in the future. In present-time future-time situations, use the simple present in both the ifclauses and to describe the future habitual with will or regularly be going to in occurring the result clause. actions. If we don t get to the station on time, the If I don t put train will leave without us. sunscreen on, I get a bad sunburn.

21 Unreal Conditionals Unreal conditionals are sentences that describe situations that are untrue, unlikely, or impossible in the present or the past. In present-time situations, use the simple past in the if clause and would, could, or might plus the base form of the verb in the result clause. She doesn t have enough money and she won t visit Paris. If I had enough money, I would visit Paris.

22 Present Unreal Conditionals Use the simple past in the if clause. If the verb is be, use were for all persons. Use could, might, or would + base form in the result clause. Where s my wallet? If I were a better planner I wouldn t travel without a map. If he were more careful, he would notice He didn t that travel his with wallet a was missing. map, so he got lost.

23 Past Unreal Conditionals Use the past unreal conditional for past unreal, untrue, imagined, or impossible conditions and their unreal results. Use the past perfect in the if clause. Use could, might, or would + have + past participle in the result clause. Where s my wallet? If I had looked at a map, I wouldn t have gotten lost. If he had been more careful, he might have He didn t noticed look at his a map, wallet was missing. so he got lost.

24 Practice 1 Look at the chart and complete the conditionals with your own ideas. Real Unreal Past Unreal If + simple present AND simple present If + simple present AND will + base form verb If + simple past AND would/could/might + base form verb If + past perfect AND would/could/might + have + past participle verb Examples: 1. If I visit Europe, If 2. I had, enough I might not money, have gotten I would sick. travel to Asia. If 3. I have If we enough took an money, airplane, I will travel to Asia. If 4. I had If we had had a made lot of money, reservations, I would have traveled to Asia. 5., I would learn Russian.

25 Wish 1 Use wish + could / would + base form to express a wish about the future. I wish that baby would stop crying. This is what he wants, but he is not sure if the baby will change his behavior.

26 Wish 2 Use wish + the simple past to express a wish about the present. I wish I caught an earlier flight. I wish I had more leg room.

27 Wish 3 Use wish + the past perfect to express a wish about the past. The man ate the airplane food. I wish I hadn t eaten that airplane food.

28 Hope and Wish Don t confuse hope and wish. I hope I get to the plane on time. I wish (that) I didn t have so much luggage. Use hope to express a desire about events that are possible or probable. Use wish to express regrets about things that are unlikely or impossible to change.

29 If Only If only can also be used to express wishes. If only they wouldn t leave me here for the rest of my life. Present Future If only they could see me.

30 Practice 2 Use the pictures to make statements using wish and if only. Make statements about the present, future, and past. Example: I wish I could take the bus. If only I d make my flight

31 When You can often use when instead of if. If I have a sore throat, I take licorice root. When I have a sore throat, I take licorice root.

32 Use with Modals You can use modals in the result clause. If you aren t sleeping well, you can drink chamomile tea. If you get a burn, you might use aloe gel.

33 Use with Imperatives You can use imperatives in the result clause. If you take herbs, tell your doctor. If you have a headache, make a lavender compress.

34 Be Careful! Use a comma between the two clauses only when the if clause comes first. If you have motion sickness, eat ginger root. if clause Eat ginger root, if you have motion sickness. if clause

35 Use with Negatives You can make either or both clauses negative. If I drink tea, I don t cough as much. If I m not sleeping well, I don t drink coffee.

36 EFL SMARTblog He stayed in the sun too long yesterday and got sunburnt

37 EFL SMARTblog If he hadn t stayed in the sun too long yesterday, he wouldn t have got sunburnt

38 EFL SMARTblog He arrived late and missed the train

39 EFL SMARTblog If he hadn t arrived late, he wouldn t have missed the train

40 EFL SMARTblog She forgot her umbrella and got wet

41 EFL SMARTblog If she hadn t forgotten her umbrella, she wouldn t have got wet

42 EFL SMARTblog He was angry so he punched his laptop

43 EFL SMARTblog If he hadn t been angry, he wouldn t have punched his laptop

44 EFL SMARTblog She drank so much coffee yesterday, she couldn t sleep last night

45 EFL SMARTblog If she hadn t drunk so much coffee yesterday, she would have been able to sleep last night

46 EFL SMARTblog She got a virus on her laptop because she didn t install an antivirus

47 EFL SMARTblog If she had installed an antivirus on her laptop, she wouldn t have got a virus

48 EFL SMARTblog He drank so much last night, he had a hangover when he woke up

49 EFL SMARTblog If he hadn t drunk so much last night, he wouldn t have had a hangover when he woke up

50 EFL SMARTblog Bart didn t do his homework so he had to stay late in school yesterday

51 EFL SMARTblog If Bart had done the homework, he wouldn t have had to stay late in school yesterday

52 EFL SMARTblog They worked so hard they passed their exams

53 EFL SMARTblog If they hadn t worked so hard, they wouldn t have passed their exams

54 EFL SMARTblog He bought a lottery ticket and won

55 EFL SMARTblog If he hadn t bought a lottery ticket, he wouldn t have won

56 EFL SMARTblog He was texting on the phone and had an accident

57 EFL SMARTblog If he hadn t been texting on the phone, he wouldn t have had an accident

58 She was working so hard that she fell asleep

59 EFL SMARTblog If she hadn t been working so hard, she wouldn t have fallen asleep

60 EFL SMARTblog He was lifting the box when he hurt his back

61 EFL SMARTblog If he hadn t been lifting the box, he wouldn t have hurt his back

62 EFL SMARTblog He wasn t looking where he was going and he hit the tree

63 EFL SMARTblog If he had been looking where he was going, he wouldn t have hit the tree

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