http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2176-2724.17v29i4p683-691 Smokig ad alcohol itake: prevalece amog teachers, sigers, telemarketers ad actors Tabagismo e igesta alcoólica: prevalêcia em professores, catores, teleoperadores e atores El tabaco y la igesta de alcohol: prevalecia e los profesores, catates, actores y teleoperadores Adreia Estér Puhl * Maria Ferada Prado Bittecourt ** Léslie Piccolotto Ferreira ** Marta Assumpção de Adrada e Silva ** Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalece ad relatio of smokig ad alcohol itake amog teachers, sigers, telemarketers, ad actors, accordig to geder ad age. Methods: 400 idividuals were icluded i the research, of which there were 100 participats of each of the professios, amely: teachers, sigers, telemarketers ad actors. All respoded the Questioaire for the Idetificatio of Vocal Health Habits i Voice Professioals. Statistic aalysis crossed professioal categories, geder ad age with smokig ad alcohol itake (p<0,05). Results: The research icluded 233 (58.25) females ad 167 (41.75) males. The ages raged from 18 to 50 years. Most of the teachers ad telemarketers were female ad, o the other had, most of the sigers ad actors were male. 19.75 (=79) were smokers, of which most were from the group of telemarketers (=26/ 6.5). With respect to the alcohol cosumptio, 44.5 *SNN - Serviço de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. **Potifícia Uiversidade Católica de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Authors cotributios: AEP: resposible for data collectio, iterpretatio ad aalysis. MFPB: resposible for study desig ad developmet. LPF: resposible for study desig, developmet ad review. MAAS: resposible for study coceptio, desig ad developmet. Correspodece address: Maria Ferada Prado Bittecourt - fe_bittecourt@yahoo.com.br Received: 08/12/16 Accepted: 03/10/17 Distúrb Comu, São Paulo, 29(4): 683-691, dezembro, 17 683
Adreia Estér Puhl, Maria Ferada Prado Bittecourt, Léslie Piccolotto Ferreira, Marta Assumpção de Adrada e Silva (=178) of the idividuals respoded that they cosume alcohol, while the actors group recorded the highest percetage (=58/ 14,5). A statistically sigificat differece was observed i the compariso betwee smokig ad geder i sigers (p<0.002) ad telemarketers (p<0.02) groups, ad alcohol itake ad age i telemarketers (p<0.03) group. Coclusio: The percetage of voice professioals who smoke ad cosume alcohol varies accordig to the category aalyzed, i.e., the telemarketers were the group with more smokers, ad actors were the group that preseted more idividuals who cosume alcohol. A statistically sigificat differece was oted i telemarketers (male ad youger i greater umbers) ad sigers (me outumber) groups i the associatio of these variables with geder ad age. Keywords: Voice; Tobacco; Alcoholic Beverages Resumo Objetivo: aalisar a prevalêcia e associação de tabagismo e igesta alcoólica em professores, catores, teleoperadores e atores, segudo sexo e idade. Métodos: participaram da pesquisa 400 sujeitos, sedo 100 de cada uma das profissões, a saber: professores, catores, teleoperadores e atores. Todos respoderam o Questioário de Idetificação de Hábitos de Saúde Vocal em Profissioais da Voz. As questões referetes a tabagismo e cosumo de álcool foram associadas às categorias profissioais, sexo e idade (qui-quadrado p<0,05). Resultados: 233 (58,25) sujeitos eram do sexo femiio e 167 (41,75) do masculio. A idade variou etre 18 e 50 aos. A maioria dos professores e dos teleoperadores eram do sexo femiio e em cotrapartida, a maioria dos catores e atores, do masculio. 19,75 (=79) eram tabagistas, e a maioria dos tabagistas pertecia ao grupo de teleoperadores (=26/ 6,5). Do total de participates, 44,5 (=178) revelaram cosumir álcool, a categoria dos atores registrou a maior porcetagem (=58/14,5). Observou-se difereça estatisticamete sigificate a comparação etre tabagismo e sexo os grupos de catores (p<0,002) e teleoperadores(p<0,02), e igesta alcóolica e idade os teleoperadores (p<0,03). Coclusão: o percetual de profissioais da voz que fuma e que igere bebida alcoólica varia de acordo com a categoria aalisada, os teleoperadores são os que mais fumam e os atores os que mais bebem. Na associação dessas variáveis com sexo e idade foi registrada difereça sigificate o grupo de teleoperadores (masculio e mais jovem em maior úmero) e catores (masculio em maior úmero). Palavras-chave: Voz; Tabaco; Bebidas Alcoólicas Resume Objetivo: Aalizar la prevalecia y la asociació de fumar y el cosumo de alcohol e profesores, catates, teleoperadores, y actores, por sexo y edad. Método: 400 sujetos participaro e el estudio, 100 de cada ua de las profesioes. Todos respodera el Questioário de Idetificação de Hábitos de Saúde Vocal em Profissioais da Voz. Las cuestioes referetes al tabaquismo y el cosumo de alcohol se asociaro a las categorías profesioales, sexo y edad (qui-cuadrado p <0,05) Resultados: 233 (58.25) sujetos era mujeres y 167 (41,75) era hombres. Las edades oscilaro etre 18 y 50 años. La mayoría de los profesores y los teleoperadores era de sexo femeio, la mayoría de los catates y actores masculios. 19,75 ( = 79) era fumadores, la mayoría del grupo de los teleoperadores ( = 26 / 6,5). E relació a alcohol 44.5 ( = 178) de los sujetos reveló cosumir-lo, la categoría de actores que registró el porcetaje más alto ( = 58 / 14,5) se observó ua diferecia estadísticamete sigificativa e comparació etre el tabaquismo y el sexo e los grupos de catates (p <0,002) y teleoperadores (p <0,02). Em la comparacio de la igesta de alcohol y la edad de los teleoperadores tambie se registro diferecia estadísticamete sigificativa (p <0,03). Coclusió: el porcetaje de profesioales que fuma y bebe alcohol varía e fució de la categoría aalizada, los teleoperadores fuma más, y los actores bebe más que los demas. Em la asociació de estas variables co la edad y el sexo se registró diferecia sigificativa e el grupo de los teleoperadores (masculio y jovees em mayor úmero) y catates (masculio e mayor úmero). Palavras clave: Voz; Tabaco; Bebidas Alcohólicas 684 Distúrb Comu, São Paulo, 29(4): 683-691, dezembro, 17
Smokig ad alcohol itake: prevalece amog teachers, sigers, telemarketers ad actors Itroductio Studies focused o promotig vocal wellbeig have bee icreasigly frequet i Speech- Laguage Therapy 1. I this sese, there is a large umber of published articles that focus o the impact of voice care i differet voice professioals categories 2,3,4. Data from the Professioal Voice Committee of the Brazilia Society of Speech- Laguage Pathology ad Audiology 5 highlight four groups as majority i scietific publicatios i the professioal voice field: teachers, sigers, telemarketers, ad actors. It is assumed that each of these categories has differet demads ad characteristics 3, ad vocal well-beig takes a key role i the performace of the activity of these professioals. Accordig to Sataloff ad Spiegel 6, smokig habits ad alcohol itake are the mai cause of egative impacts o the vocal productio of ay voice professioal. I 14, through the Surveillace of Risk Factors for Chroic Diseases through Telephoe Iterviews (VIGITEL) 7, the Miistry of Health disclosed the prevalece of smokig ad alcohol itake i the Brazilia populatio. The survey was coducted i all Brazilia State capitals ad i the Federal District (DF) by meas of systematic ad stratified draw of phoe umbers for each State. Amog the 74,005 idividuals cotacted, 52,929 completed the iterview, of which,276 were male ad 32,653 were female. 11,3 (5,981) of the populatio studied reported themselves as smokers, of which 14,4 were male ad 8,6 were female. Of the total smokers, 3.4 said that they smoke more tha cigarettes a day. If we focus o São Paulo, about 14.9 of the 1,999 iterviewees said that they were smokers 7. With respect to alcohol itake 7, the survey asked to these participats about the abusive cosumptio of alcohol, which was cosidered as such whe they cosumed four or more doses o the same situatio. About 16.4 of the subjects reported a abusive use of alcohol, the umber of me was two ad a half times greater tha that of wome. For both male ad female, the abusive use of alcohol was more commo amog youger people (betwee the ages of 18 to 34 years) 7,8. Accordig to the World Health Orgaizatio (WHO), the alcohol is oe of the few psychotropic drugs that users would admit its cosumptio. Mortality ad restrictios of the fuctioal codi- tio associated with alcohol itake outweigh the mortality ad restrictios associated to smokig habits. I the same publicatio, WHO also states that alcohol itake is related to 3.3 millio deaths every year worldwide. I Brazil, alcohol itake was related to 60 ad 63 of liver cirrhosis cases, betwee 5 ad 18 of traffic accidets. Approximately 3 of wome ad 8 of me fit ito the criteria for alcohol depedece ad abuse 9. Several authors i Speech-Laguage Therapy have studied about voice ad smokig ad/or alcohol itake 2,10-12. I a research 10 o the occurrece of vocal symptoms ad their possible causes, which was coducted with 190 subject i a shoppig mall i São Paulo, it was observed that 16.9 of idividuals reported beig smokers ad 12.6 were former smokers. There is a discrepacy betwee the fidigs i studies with teachers. O the oe had, Fabrício et al. 11, while studyig o the voice-related quality of life of 82 teachers of a Uiversity, oted that 21 of them smoked ad/or cosumed alcohol, but o the other had, Adams et al. 12, while iterviewig teachers from the primary school of the public etwork of Maceió, foud that 5.6 percet of the sample (of the total 126 subjects) were smokers ad 24.6 reported themselves as secodhad smokers. With respect to teacher s voice, the authors oted that approximately 10.6 of the subjects were smokers ad 9.9 were former smokers, i a sample of 272 teachers from early educatio, primary ad high school of the public etwork. Accordig to the same study, i relatio to alcohol itake 45.5 of the subjects reported that they ever drik, while 37.9 reported that they rarely drik ad 16.6 reported that they drik sometimes. It was oted i a compariso betwee lyric ad popular sigers 14 that alcohol itake was higher i the popular group whe compared to classical sigers (46.7). I relatio to smokig habits, 100 of lyric sigers reported that they were ot smokers, while 6.7 percet of the popular sigers claimed to be smokers. I research coducted with choristers 15 (=44), 50 of the sample reported a frequet alcohol itake (at least oce a week), while approximately 4.5 were smokers ad 22.7 reported beig former smokers. Distúrb Comu, São Paulo, 29(4): 683-691, dezembro, 17 685
Adreia Estér Puhl, Maria Ferada Prado Bittecourt, Léslie Piccolotto Ferreira, Marta Assumpção de Adrada e Silva The cosumptio of distilled or fermeted alcoholic beverages by sigers from bads 16 was 12.5 i a sample of 24 sigers, ad such itake was oted momets before the presetatio or durig the cocert. Through a ivestigatio 17 of habits, voice care ad vocal symptoms i professioal sigers (10 lyric sigers ad 10 popular sigers), it was observed that of the sigers, i both groups were smokers, ad also reported alcohol itake. Ferreira et al. 18 assessed the vocal productio coditios i telemarketers ad correlated the results to the satisfactio level of professioals with their ow voices. Authors foud prevalece of smokig i 24 of the 100 subjects who participated i the study. It is worth metioig that alcohol itake was ot studied. It was observed i the aalysis of the effect of a vocal welfare program 19 i 30 telemarketers (27 female ad three male) that 21.7 of wome ad 33.3 percet of me reported the cosumptio of alcoholic beverages. Regardig smokig habits, 21.7 (wome) claimed to be smokers. Goulart ad Vilaova, i a research to aalyze the complaits ad vocals symptoms with 48 professioal actors aged betwee ad 50 years through iterviews, foud that 43.8 were smokers ad 72.9 used to cosume alcoholic beverages. I order to aalyze the impact of prevetive actios i the vocal health of voice professioals 21, the researchers orgaized a sample cosistig of 100 subjects, beig 44 teachers, 22 actors, telemarketers, 11 ewsreaders ad 10 sigers. Accordig to the results, actors were the professioal class that, i greater umbers (81), remided all the guidelies cocerig vocal health, followed by sigers (80), telemarketers (30.8) ad teachers (26). The guidelies cocerig smokig ad alcohol itake were the least remembered by all professioals. The aalysis of these researches ecouraged the materializatio of this article, i order to questio the behavior of teachers, sigers, telemarketers ad actors with respect to these harmful habits (smokig ad alcohol itake), startig from the hypothesis that the use of these substaces is commo i our society ad that may people do ot kow the possible damage that they ca cause to the voice. Objective To assess the prevalece ad relatio of smokig ad alcohol itake amog teachers, sigers, telemarketers, ad actors, accordig to geder ad age. Method This research was approved by the research ethics committee of the istitutio. The sample was composed of 400 subjects, amely, 100 teachers, 100 popular sigers, 100 telemarketers ad 100 actors. Some questioaires were from a voice cliic database ad were aswered by subjects who sought the cliic as they were sigers or professioal actors facig some voice complait. Teachers ad telemarketers respoded to the questioaire i their ow workplaces. All participats siged ad read a Free ad Iformed Coset Form. The Questioaire for Idetificatio of Vocal Health Habits i Voice Professioals 22 (Aex I) was the istrumet used to aalyze the vocal health habits i this populatio. This istrumet is a self-admiistered questioaire composed of 17 questios ad it discusses several issues related to vocal health. The issues with respect to smokig ad alcohol itake were used i this article ad correspod to the first ad secod issue. The data was statistically addressed, at first descriptively (umbers ad percetage) ad the the variables, alcohol itake ad smokig, geder ad age, were tested with respect to their relatio (Chi-squared test p 0.05, associatio betwee geder ad smokig; geder ad alcohol itake; age group ad smokig; age group ad alcohol itake). The average was cosidered, i particular, to the last variable (age group), to defie two groups, as below average (18 to 30) ad above it (31 to 50). Results The sample (=400) was composed of 233 (58.25) female subjects ad 167 (41.75) male subjects. The age raged from 18 to 50 years (with a average of 29.7, a media of 25.5 ad a stadard deviatio of 8.9). Table 1 presets data o the characteristics of the sample, ad it shows that most of the teachers ad telemarketers were female ad, o the other had, most of the sigers ad actors were male. 686 Distúrb Comu, São Paulo, 29(4): 683-691, dezembro, 17
Smokig ad alcohol itake: prevalece amog teachers, sigers, telemarketers ad actors Table 1. Sample characterizatio of teachers, actors, telemarketers ad sigers, accordig to geder ad age group Sample characterizatio Female Geder Male 18-30 years 31-50 years Teachers 77 23 100 36 64 100 Sigers 41 59 100 52 48 100 Telemarketers 66 34 100 82 18 100 Actors 49 51 100 66 34 100 58.2 41.8 100 59 41 100 I order to aalyze the presece of smokig cosiderig the whole sample (=400) as a group of voice professioals, 19.7 (79) were smokers, with a higher percetage i males (25.8), whe compared to females (15.4). I the aalysis of the data cosiderig the four categories of voice professioals, of this total ( total=400/ smokers=79), the highest percetage of smokers was foud i telemarketers (31.6), followed by actors (30.3), sigers () ad teachers (18). It should be oted that amog sigers, o female subject reported to be a smoker, while 12 ( = 12) of me were smokers, ad this differece was regarded as statistically sigificat (p<0.002). A statistically sigificat differece was also recorded amog telemarketers regardig the geder variable, sice 29.5 of me reported beig smokers, while oly 18 of wome reported such habit (p<0.02). (Table 2). Table 2. Associatio betwee geder ad smokig, accordig to the categories of voice professioals (teachers, sigers, telemarketers ad actors) Smokig Teachers Sigers Telemarketers Actors Chi-Squared Test 64 (83.1) 41 (100) 54 (81.9) 38 (77.6) 197 (84.6) Female Male (16.9) 0 (-) 12 (18.1) 11 (22.4) 36 (15.4) 18 (78.3) 47 (79.7) 21 (61.8) 38 (74.6) 124 (74.2) 5 (21.7) 12 (.3) (38.2) 25.4) 43 (25.8) 18 (18) 12 (12) 25 (25) 24 (24) 79 (19.7) P <0.05* 0.59 0.002* 0.02* 0.72 _ I the aalysis of data relatig to smokig by age group, telemarketers ad actors preseted higher ad close percetage, both i the youger group (24.3 ad 24.25, respectively), ad i the older group (27.8 ad 23.6, respectively). The sigers group is the category with the lowest percetage of smokers i both age groups aalyzed (youger 15.3; older 8.3). However, o sigificat differece was recorded cosiderig smokig habits ad the age groups aalyzed (Table 3). Distúrb Comu, São Paulo, 29(4): 683-691, dezembro, 17 687
Adreia Estér Puhl, Maria Ferada Prado Bittecourt, Léslie Piccolotto Ferreira, Marta Assumpção de Adrada e Silva Table 3. Associatio betwee age group ad smokig. accordig to the categories of voice professioals (teachers. sigers. telemarketers ad actors) Smokig Teachers Sigers Telemarketers Actors 31 (86.1) 44 (84.7) 62 (75.7) 50 (75.8) 187 (79.2) Age Group (years) 18-30 31-50 5 (.9) 8 (15.3) (24.3) 16 (24.2) 49 (.8) 51 (79.7) 44 (91.7) (72.2) 26 (76.4) 4 (81.8) (.3) 4 (8.3) 5 (27.8) 8 (23.6) 30 (18.2) 18 (18) 12 (12) 25 (25) 24 (24) 79 (19.7) P <0.05* 0.42 0.27 0.76 0.93 _ Chi-Squared Test As for the survey relatig to the alcohol cosumptio, 44.5 of the group of voice professioals ( total=400) claimed to cosume alcohol, ad amog these, betwee the differet professioal categories, 19.6 are teachers, 22.5 are sigers, 25.3 are telemarketers, ad 32.6 are actors (Table 4). The actors preseted a higher percetage i relatio to alcohol itake; whe aalyzed the geder variable, 48.97 (=49) of wome reported to drik alcohol, while the cosumptio amog me was metioed as 66.6 (=51). Table 4. Associatio betwee geder ad alcohol itake, accordig to the categories of voice professioals (teachers, sigers, telemarketers ad actors) Alcohol Itake Teachers Sigers Telemarketers Actors Chi-Squared Test Female Male 50 (65) 25 (61) 38 (57.6) 25 (51) 8 (59) 27 (35) 16 (39) 28 (42.4) 24 (49) 95 (41) 15 (65) 35 (60) 17 17 (33) 84 8 (35) 24 (40) 17 34 (66) 83 35 (17.5) 40 () 45 (22.5) 58 (29) 178 (44.5) P <0.05* 0.98 0.86 0.47 0.07 _ Table 5 shows that the alcohol itake i the age group betwee 18 to 30 years is 40 (=160) i relatio to the 400 subjects, ad it ca be oted that most of the sample does t drik (60, =240). I the age group betwee 18-30 years, 36.1 (=36) of the teachers reported to cosume alcohol, while i a higher age rage (from 31 to 50 years) the cosumptio is similar, with 34.7 of the subjects (=64). Amog the sigers, this umber was recorded as 38.4 (=52) amog the first age group ad 41.6 (=48) amog the other age group. With respect to telemarketers, a 50 rate was recorded for alcohol itake for subjects betwee 688 Distúrb Comu, São Paulo, 29(4): 683-691, dezembro, 17
Smokig ad alcohol itake: prevalece amog teachers, sigers, telemarketers ad actors the ages of 18-30 years (=82) ad 22.2 (=18) for the other age group. I the actors group, the alcohol itake was higher whe compared to other professioals, as it was recored i 58.8 (=48) of the subjects betwee 31 ad 50 years ad 30.3 (=52) betwee the other age group. Table 5. Associatio betwee age group ad alcohol itake. accordig to the categories of voice professioals (teachers. sigers. telemarketers ad actors) Alcohol Itake Teachers Sigers Telemarketers Actors 23 (63.8) 32 (61.6) 41 32 (61.5) 128 (57.7) Age Group (years) 18-30 31-50 (36.2) (38.4) 41 (38.5) 94 (42.3) 42 (65.7) 28 (58.3) 14 (77.8) 28 (58.3) 112 (63) 22 (34.3) (41.7) 4 (22.2) 41.7) 66 (37) 35 (17.5) 40 () 45 (22.5) 40 () 160 (40) P <0.05* 0.86 0.74 0.03* 0.58 _ Chi-squared test Discussio There is a wide variatio as to the alcohol itake ad smokig foud with respect to the professio. This variability may be due to differeces i profile ad vocal demads of each professio. The fact that a greater umber of wome participated i this research corroborates the fidigs of authors 23 who claimed that wome are usually more accessible to participate ad aswer to questioaires ad/or iterviews. I articles 18,24 that were focused o teachers ad telemarketers, the umber of wome is also greater whe compared to me, a fact that ca be justified by the greater isertio of wome i these professios. I relatio to the age group, the majority of teachers was amog 31 to 50 years old, which corroborates the fidigs of the research focused i such professioals. The rest of the sample was i greater umbers betwee 18 to 30 years old, a fact that was also observed i studies with sigers 14, actors, ad operators telemarketers 25. Accordig to the data obtaied by the Miistry of Health i the Brazilia populatio 7, smokers represet 11.3 of the populatio, while this umber is approximately 14.9 i São Paulo. I this research, the oly groups with values close to those recorded by the Miistry of Health were teachers ad sigers (18 ad 12, respectively). The prevalece of smokig amog teachers was 18 (Tables #2 ad #3), which is compatible with the data foud i research coducted with the same voice professioal 18,26,27. I a research coducted with teachers from early educatio, primary ad high school of the public etwork, the umber recorded was lower (10.6). It ca be assumed that, as they work with studets with a lower age rage, teachers avoid smokig, while teachers icluded i this research worked at differet levels of educatio. Whe discussig the fidigs relatig to the sigers, it is worth metioig that, i the database of this research, there was o classical siger, sice all sigers were popular sigers. With respect to the actors, their performace i the theatre, was directed at various audieces, without ay specificity. Smokig was least prevalet (12) with sigers. The results foud i this research ca be justified by the study of Costa et al. 28, which raks sigers as the professioals with itese vocal demad, there is a high requiremet of refiemet ad the impact is decisive; therefore, factors that would Distúrb Comu, São Paulo, 29(4): 683-691, dezembro, 17 689
Adreia Estér Puhl, Maria Ferada Prado Bittecourt, Léslie Piccolotto Ferreira, Marta Assumpção de Adrada e Silva be compromised if they smoke. Still accordig to the study of Dassie-Leite et al. 14, the percetage of popular sigers who reported beig smokers was 6.7 lower tha the observed i this research. I the telemarketers group, the results poit to the higher prevalece of smokers i compariso with other professioals. This result corroborates the research coducted by Ferreira et al. 18 ad Moreira et al. 19, with these professioal classes, with this differece beig statistically sigificat i the compariso betwee geders. The percetage obtaied i the actors group was also higher (24), although it is half of the results recorded by Goulart ad Vilaova (48). It ca be said that the uiverse i which the actors group is iserted is more permissive, sice it is commo whe they say that they smoke, drik ad use drugs. As to alcohol itake, whereas all voice professioals aalyzed, almost half of them (44.5) reported themselves as cosumers (Tables #4 ad #5). The survey coducted by the Miistry of Health 7 shows that 16.4 of the populatio iterviewed reported a abusive use of alcohol, which is cosidered with more tha four driks i oe occasio. It is worth metioig that this research oly assessed the alcohol itake, regardless of the amout. Research regardig this subject idicates the difficulty i collectig data, sice i additio to the umber of doses, they should also aalyze the type of drik ad the frequecy. Some researches 29.30 foud similar values i the geeral populatio, the first 29 held with idustry workers ad the secod 30 with subjects i the rtheaster of Brazil. The prevalece of alcohol itake was higher i male subjects (49.7) (Table 4), ad i the youger group (.8), which corroborates the data foud by the Miistry of Health 7. I the aalysis by voice professioal group, teachers recorded the lowest percetage of alcohol itake (35), with values is similar to those see i a research with the same professioal group. I relatio to sigers, the fidigs of this study are lower tha those idicated by Dassie-Leite et al. 14 ad Aquio ad Teles 15, while it is higher tha those obtaied by Zambão 16 ad Ferreira et al. 17. Vocal habits i sigers vary greatly accordig to the requiremets ad demads of each style, sice popular sigers ad classical sigers preset differet eeds ad ca preset a completely differet behavior accordig to the habits. A lyrical siger caot have a good performace whe cosumig alcohol durig a presetatio, while this practice may be commo amog popular sigers. Telemarketers showed high values i the alcohol itake patter (45), which was greater tha the observed by Moreira et al. 19 (25.9). This differece ca be explaied by the fact that these studies had very differet umbers of subjects, sice the sample oly had 27 subjects i the study by Moreira et al. 19. I relatio to the actors, the percetage obtaied i this research (58) was lower tha that registered i the study of Goulart ad Vilaova (72.9), but it is worth otig the high umber of alcohol cosumers i this professio i both studies. It should be oted that some respodets aswered the questioaire i their work eviromet i this study, which may have iflueced their resposes. Eve though it was explaied that their resposes would ot be disclosed to their compaies, some professioals may have bee itimidated to respod truthfully. Coclusio The percetage of voice professioals who smoke ad cosume alcohol varies accordig to the category aalyzed, i.e., the telemarketers were the group with more smokers, ad actors were the group that preseted more idividuals who cosume alcohol. A statistically sigificat differece was oted i telemarketers (male ad youger i greater umbers) ad sigers (me outumber) groups i the associatio of these variables with geder ad age. Refereces 1. Ghirardi ACAM, Ferreira LP. Oficias de voz: reflexão sobre a prática fooaudiológica. Disturb da Comum. 10; 22(2): 169-75. 2. Spia AL, Mausell R, Sadalo K, Gusmão R, Crespo A. Correlação da qualidade de vida e voz com atividade profissioal. Rev. Bras. Otorriolarigol.09; 75 (2): 275-9. 3. Adrada e Silva M A, Guirardi A C M A, Loiola C, Bittecourt M F Q P. A voz catada. I Oliveira I B, Almeida F A A, Raize T, Behlau M. Atuação fooaudiológica em voz profissioal. São Paulo, ROCA, 11. 690 Distúrb Comu, São Paulo, 29(4): 683-691, dezembro, 17
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