Phylogeography of anurans widespread in the Brazilian Atlantic forests João Alexandrino
Obrigado! Maria Carol Célio Vanessa João Lab. do Célio! Felipe Lingnau Cyntia Pardal Leo Malagolli Luís Giasson Mirco Sole Egito Miguel Trefault Rodriques Juliana Pombal Jr. Olívia e outros
THANK YOU ALL! IC, UNESP-RC Vanessa Marcelino Michele Gonçalves Lucas Nicioli Bandeira João Paulo Soares Cortes MSc João GiovanelliUNESP- Tuliana Brunes, PhD Maria Tereza Thomé, UNESP-RC Co-orientadores Célio Haddad, UNESP-RC Fernando Sequeira, CIBIO-UP-Portugal Kelly Zamudio, Cornell-EUA CIBIO-UP / UNESP-RC
Refugia within refugia Linhagem A (27) Linhagem B Linhagem A Linhagem B
What about the Neotropics?
Are these northern species?
Phylogeography of anurans widespread in the Brazilian Atlantic forests Hypsiboas prasinus Rhinella icterica Physalaemus gr. olfersii Phyllomedusa gr. burmeisteri Rhinella gr. crucifer Hypsiboas bischoffi
Hipsiboas bischoffi Phyllomedusa gr. burmeisteri H. prasinus Physalaemus gr. olfersii Rhinella gr. crucifer R. icterica Natural history: altitude and habitat meters 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 Rainforest Semi-decidual forest 200 0
Natural history: reproduction H. bischoffi Hypsiboas prasinus Phyllomedusa gr. burmeisteri Eggs in nests constructed on leaves hanging above lentic water Eggs layed in foam nests floating on lentic water Physalaemus gr. olfersii Rhinella gr. crucifer R. icterica Eggs layed directly in lentic water
Rhinella gr. crucifer PB PE BA SE AL N n1 n2 ND1 ND2 MG ES PR SP RJ C rhodopsin SC RS c1 S β-crystallin Thomé et al. (2010) Mol. Phyl. Evol.
Phyllomedusa gr. burmeisteri ND2 // BA SE MG SP ES Cmyc2 PR RJ RS SC β-fibint7 Brunes et al. (2010) Mol. Phyl. Evol.
Hypsiboas bischoffi // ND2 // SP PR SC RS β-fibint7
Physalaemus gr. olfersii // ND2 BA MG β-fibint7 ES SP RJ PR SC RS
Hypsiboas prasinus β-fibint7 MG SP PR SC RS Cyt b COI
Rhinella icterica // Cyt b COI MG RPL3 PR SP RJ SC RS
BREAKS RN PB PE AL SE Isolation with Migration BA MG Hey J. Nielsen R. 2004 SP RJ ES msbayes: hierarchical ABC PR SC RS Hickerson MJ. et al. 2007
Marginal posterior densities 2 1.5 1 t =T*µ (time since divergence) P. gr. burmeisteri R. crucifer 0.14 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 Doce River RN PB PE AL SE 0.5 0.04 0.02 BA 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Myr MG 0.8 5.8 SP RJ ES PR SC RS
Marginal posterior densities 0,3 t =T*µ (time since divergence) 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 R. icterica H. bischoffi P. olfersii P. gr. burmeisteri São Paulo RN PB PE 0,05 SE AL 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BA Myr 1.5 2.9 4.8 MG ES SP RJ PR SC RS
Marginal posterior densities 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 t =T*µ (time since divergence) 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 5.1 (Da) H. prasinus H. bischoffi P. olfersii 0.24 0.18 0.12 0.06 Myr South BA RN PB PE AL SE 1.1 4.8 MG ES SP RJ PR SC RS
Marginal posterior densities 2,5 2 1,5 t =T*µ (time since divergence) R. crucifer Iguape H. bischoffi 1 RN 0,5 PB PE 0 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 Myr 0.38 0.76 BA AL SE MG ES SP RJ PR SC RS
Iguape Model 0 long-term divergence Ne = 5x10-5 t 2 (130 kybp 3 Mybp) t 1 (20 kybp) 1 2 Population 1 Population 2 Model 1 recent colonization Ne = 5x10-5 t (20 kybp) ABC approach - 100k simulations with ms (Hudson) - msreject to retain 500 records - sumstats: pi1, pi2, pi12 1 2 Population 1 Population 2
PCA2 (26.7%) N obs Hypsiboas bischoffi 450 400 Model rejection results H. bischoffi DivT Colt_S 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 1 Model 4 Model Checking - DivT x Colt_S PR SC SP 3 2 1 RS 0-1 -2-3 -4-5 -4-3 -2-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 PCA1 (50.0%) DivT Colt_S pi_stats
PCA2 (27%) N obs Rhinella gr. crucifer 350 300 Model rejection results R. crucifer DivT Colt_S 250 PB PE 200 150 BA SE AL 100 50 MG ES 0 4 0 1 Model Model Checking - DivT x Colt_S SP RJ 3 PR 2 SC 1 RS 0-1 -2-3 DivT Colt_S 4 pi_stats -4-6 -5-4 -3-2 -1 0 1 2 3 PCA1 (53%)
Temperature Species distribution model Maxent modelling Precipitation Occurrences Present distribution area Past distribution area
LIG - 130k ybp Flutuação temporal? LGM - 21k ybp CCSM MIROC Presente Ponto de corte (threshold) de presença/ausência = 0.130 Alexandrino et al., submetido
Stability models? Phyllomedusa gr. burmeisteri * without P. iheringii Rhinella gr. crucifer Hypsiboas bischoffi Physalaemus olfersii Rhinella icterica
Stability? Patos lineament Pernambuco lineament Upper Rio São Francisco crustal discontinuity Campo do Meio fault zone Guapiara lineament Propriá fault zone and lineament Rio Araçuaí fault Doce river Caratinga fault Além Paraíba fault zone Upper Grande crustal discontinuity Rio Paraiba do Sul crustal discontinuity LGM conditions Cubatão shear zone Wetter Dry fragmentation Wet stability Current cover Ombrophylous forest Deciduous forest Thomé et al., 2010
Are these southern species? // ND2 //
Atlantic Forest of S-SE Brazil / NE Argentina Atlantic Forest of S-SE Brazil / NE Argentina Andes of Argentina and Bolivia Atlantic Forest of S-SE Brazil / NE Argentina Atlantic Forest of S-SE Brazil / NE Argentina Faivovich et al. (2004)
H. bischoffi MtDNA ND2 RE + S1 - + 4.6% N h F 11 h F 2 h F 1 S2 + - + 1.4% h F 22 h F 06 h F 16 h F 15 + 1.5% h F 24 S3 Nuclear Fib-int7 Phenotype (multigenic) Alexandrino et al., in review
Processos? A) P7 ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ P 1 P4 P3 P2 P5 P6 Endemics: arthropods (Pinto-da-Rocha and Silva), amphibians (Lynch 1979), mammals (Costa et al. 2000) Genetic breaks: plants (Ledru et al. 2007), amphibians (Carnaval et al. 2009, present study) reptiles (Graziotin et al. 2006), birds (Cabanne et al. 2007) Divergência temporal 70 mil anos 2,3 milhões anos 3 milhões anos 6 milhões anos B) 1 G N ^ >1200m elevation LGM: forest absent G S1 LGM: forest present G S2 2 G S3 H. bischoffi Fragmentação local da mata + Geotectónica e barreiras associadas (rios) G S5 G S4? 3 Alexandrino et al., submetido