Eixo Temático: Sensoriamento Remoto New polar orbiting satellite generation NOAA/NASA -

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1 Eixo Temático: Sensoriamento Remoto New polar orbiting satellite generation NOAA/NASA - Dra. Simone Sievert da Costa (Jurandir Rodrigues, Jose Dias, Ivan Márcio ) Divisão de Satélites e Sistemas Ambientais Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais

2 Sensoriamento Remoto da Atmosfera Alguns Desafios Transformar radiâncias em produtos meteorológicos e ambientais. Tratar milhares de canais de forma objetiva Obter informações sobre o potencial de severidade de um evento antes que ela se desenvolva. Utilizar a nova geração de satélite para melhorar a previsão de tempo e o monitoramento ambiental.

3 Linhas de pesquisa em SR Dr. Daniel Vila (Estimativa de precipitação via satélite) Lia Martins de Costa Amaral: Estimativas de precipitação utilizando sensores em microondas e os algoritmos do H-SAF (Hydrological Satellite Application Facilities) Rômulo Juca de Oliveira: Validação e modelagem estatística de erros das estimativas de precipitação por satélite sobre o Brasil. Vinícius Banda Sperling: Tempo Severo no Sul do Brasil: estimativa de movimentos verticais a partir de dados de radar. Detecção de granizo a partir de satélites e atividades elétricas. Ramon Braga: Interação chuva-aerossóis sobre a região Amazônica e sua relação com a atividade elétrica.

4 Linhas de pesquisa em SR Dr. Luiz Machado (Previsão de curto prazo) Cristiano - propagação de células de chuvas usando radar e satélites Micael Cecchini - Nova parametrização da a Distribuição de gotas de nuvens a partir de modelos de dois momentos. Thiago Biscaro - como variam os hidrometeoros das nuvens em função dos aerossóis - uso de radar polarímetro para entender a convecção Izabelly Costa - estimativa de precipitação por satélite - Melhoria do algoritmo do GPM para chuvas quentes ou com pouco gelo

5 Linhas de pesquisa em SR Dr. Nelson (Meteorologia Física e por Satélite ) Bruno Dos Santos Guimarães: Estudo dos Vórtices Ciclônicos de Altos Níveis utilizando o canal do vapor d água do imageador do satélite GOES. Valesca Marilia Jéssica

6 Linhas de pesquisa em SR Dr. Juan Ceballos e Dra Simone Sievert (Estimativa de Radiação e Aerossóis via satélite ) Anthony Silva: Estimativa de radiação solar à superfície e impactos do aerossol: uma perpectiva no contexto do GOES-R Francisco Mesquita: Balanço de radiação em condições de céu claro e com nuvens a partir de dados de satélites. (GOES, MSG). Hallan de Jesus: Impacto das nuvens na radiação solar UV. (GOES-R) Nathalia Prado: Analise observacional da variabilidade espacial e temporal das propriedades ópticas. (MODIS, S-NPP) Nancy Rios: Adaptação da Parametrização de AOD para a América do Sul no âmbito da Nova geração de satélites. (S-NPP e GOES-R) Jose Dias: Validação física e experimental dos dados de AOD gerados no contexto S-NPP.

7 Recentes e Futuras Gerações NOAA JPSS(NPP)- Out/2011 (15,16,17,18,19) AQUA & TERRA (EUA) GOES GOES-R (8/10/12/13) (EUA) Meteosat Segunda Meteosat Terceira Geração (MSG) Geração ~2020 (Europa)

8 Recentes e Futuras Gerações NOAA NPP Out/2011 (15,16,17,18,19) AQUA & TERRA GOES GOES-R (8/10/12/13) - Novidades: Satélite ambiental + meteorológico (Climático). Maior Resolução espectral, espacial e temporal. Meteosat Segunda Meteosat Terceira Geração (MSG) Geração

9 Recentes e Futuras Gerações NOAA NPP Out/2011 (15,16,17,18,19) AQUA & TERRA GOES GOES-R (8/10/12/13) Meteosat Segunda Meteosat Terceira Geração (MSG) Geração- 2019

10 JPSS integral to 3-orbit Global polar Coverage JPSS consists of three satellites (Suomi NPP, JPSS-1, JPSS-2), ground system and operations through The JPSS program is a partnership between NOAA and NASA, including agreements with EUMETSAT, JAXA and DoD to afford 3-orbit global coverage. Golderberg, 2013

11 First JPSS Satellite: Suomi - NPP Nome: Suomi - National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP). Lançamento: Out Orbita: Tempo de vida: 824 km 5 anos Vern Suomi Volume de dados: 10 vezes > geração anterior da NOAA

12 S-NPP Instrumentation Five science instruments and test key technologies for the JPSS missions. S-NPP GOAL Originally intended as a platform for observing climate variables and testing new instruments. But it is now an operational weather satellite. Furgerson, 2014

13 S-NPP: Key science objectives and capabilities Climate change Ozone layer NPP observes a variety of Weather & Climate Events Natural disasters Weather predictions Vegetation Global ice cover Air pollution Temperatures Earth s energy budget

14 The first complete global image from VIIRS. November 24, 2011

15 Suomi NPP at INPE Nome: Suomi - National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP). Lançamento: Out Recepção INPE: Oct Proc. de produtos Oper.: Nov Testes IPOPP [NPP, testbed 2010/2011, AQUA e TERRA 2008/2009] CSPP (2015) Diret Readouts: Centros de Processamento de Produtos S-NPP Aplicações: Balanço de Radiação Aerossóis Oceano Fonte: NOAA

16 Fatos sobre NPP TERRA AQUA NPP 15:00 13:21 16:12 18:20 16:40 17:45 Rodrigues e Costa, 2014.

17 VIIRS Day/Night Band DNB offers new applications DNB Ice detection

18 Focos de queimadas e Aerossol

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21 10:20 11:00 11:20 Eixo temático: Sensoriamento remoto Prof.ª Dr.ª Simone Marilene Sievert da Costa Estudo da classificação do tipo nuvens precipitantes presente em uma linha de instabilidade na costa do Nordeste do Brasil Rayana Santos Araújo; Daniel Alejandro Vila Avaliação da Profundidade Óptica dos Aerossóis obtida pela nova geração de satélites de órbita polar da NOAA sobre o território brasileiro José Dias Neto, Simone Marilene Sievert da Costa Coelho 11:40 GOES-R - Benefícios da nova geração de satélites no monitoramento ambiental Daniel Alejandro Vila, Luiz Augusto Toledo Machado 12:00 Almoço Minuto Ciência 13:30 14:00 14:20 14:40 Nathália Velloso Prado, Carlos Denyson da Silva Azevedo, Lina Esther Rivelli Zea, Antonio Sérgio Cunha Freire Estimativa da radiação de onda longa da superfície continental via dados do sensor SEVIRI do satélite METEOSAT-8 durante condição de céu claro. Francisco Luiz L. de Mesquita, Juan C. Ceballos e Simone M. S. Coelho Assimilação de dados de rádio ocultação GNSS do satélite METOP-B e seu impacto sobre a América do Sul Ivette Hernández Baños, Luiz Fernando Sapucci, Lucas Amarante Avanço Detecção de eventos severos utilizando radares de dupla polarização Thiago Souza Biscaro

22 Obrigada!

23 The content presented here is base on different sources: Visible night Conferencia CSPP JPSS NOAA JPSS Further information NOAA STAR STAR JPSS 2014 Annual Science Team Meeting

24 : Conclusão: Somente satélites podem: Monitorar a evolução do ciclo de vida de sistema de tempo (RADAR) Realizar análise global e assimilação de dados. Coletar dados em todo o globo -> intercomparar regiões com o mesmo sensor. Obter grande cobertura de dados em tempo real integrado em uma única plataforma. Observar diversas informações sobre a atmosfera devido a capacidade de resolução temporal, espacial e espectral.

25 Earth s energy budget -- make measurements to determine how much energy is entering and exiting Earth's atmosphere Key science objectives and capabilities of Suomi NPP include: Climate change -- long-term records of global environmental data Ozone layer -- daily measurements of the atmospheric ozone layer Natural disasters -- monitor wildfires, volcanic eruptions, snowstorms, droughts, floods, hurricanes. Weather predictions -- sounding instrument (cloud cover, atmospheric temperatures, humidity and other variables critical to accurate weather prediction) Vegetation -- map global land vegetation and quantify changes in plant productivity to understand the global carbon cycle and monitor agricultural processes to predict and respond to food shortages and famines Global ice cover -- monitor changes to Earth s sea ice, land ice and glaciers Air pollution -- monitor soot, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Temperatures -- maintain a global record of atmospheric, land surface and sea surface temperatures

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27 VIIRS data will be used to expand upon the MODIS applications to fire and air quality monitoring, agriculture monitoring and production modeling, carbon modeling and flood and sea ice mapping.

28 Csiszar et al., 2014

29 OMPS OMPS Continues More Than 30 Years of Ozone Data This shows the thickness of the Earth's ozone layer on January 27th from 1982 to This atmospheric layer protects Earth from dangerous levels of solar ultraviolet radiation. The thickness is measured in Dobson units, in this image, smaller amounts of overhead ozone are shown in blue, while larger amounts are shown in orange and yellow. These ozone measurements begin with the Nimbus 7 satellite; continue with the Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (EP TOMS); the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard the Aura satellite; and the most recent, the Ozone Mapper Profiler Suite (OMPS) aboard the satellite Suomi National Polarorbiting Partnership (NPP). Suomi NPP is a partnership between NASA, NOAA and the Department of Defense. Credit: NASA/NOAA

30 VIIRS AVHRR

31 Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)

32 Preparação S-NPP Diret Readouts: Centros de Processamento de Produtos S-NPP INPE processed S-NPP data in a testbed mode. Fonte: NOAA

33 INPE - Suomi NPP DB Coverage Revisita: 16 dias NPP ascendente/dia A passagem do NPP tem o horário próximo ao do Aqua, aproximadamente 1 hora.

34 Suomi NPP Real-Time Processing IPOPP CSPP Fonte: Jurandir

35 35

36 Preparação S-NPP Diret Readouts: Centros de Processamento de Produtos S-NPP INPE processed S-NPP data in a testbed mode. Fonte: NOAA

37 NPP Algorithm Maturity

38 Fatos sobre NPP Abril de 2015: 42 meses desde o lançamento NPP

39 Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System - CERES In the longwave image, heat energy radiated from Earth (in watts per square meter) is shown in shades of yellow, red, blue and white. The brightest-yellow areas are the hottest and are emitting th most energy out to space, while the dark blue areas and the bright white clouds are much colder, emitting the least energy. Increasing temperature, decreasing water vapor, and decreasing clouds w all tend to increase the ability of Earth to shed heat out to space. Credit: NASA/NOAA/CERES Team

40 Como o INPE está se preparando?

41 : Conclusão: Somente satélites podem: Monitorar a evolução do ciclo de vida de sistema de tempo (RADAR) Realizar análise global e assimilação de dados. Coletar dados em todo o globo -> intercomparar regiões com o mesmo sensor. Obter grande cobertura de dados em tempo real integrado em uma única plataforma. Observar diversas informações sobre a atmosfera devido a capacidade de resolução temporal, espacial e espectral.

42 NPP Real Time Produtos Fase da Nuvens profundidade óptica raio efetivo temperatura topo Susp. Matter Type Aerosol Particle Size Land Surf. Temp. NDVI

43 AOD Intercomparação e Validação MODIS/TERRA MODIS/AQUA VIIRS/ NPP Dias e Costa, 2014

44 Fatos sobre NPP TERRA AQUA NPP 15:00 13:21 16:12 18:20 16:40 17:45 Rodrigues e Costa, 2014.

45 Sensoriamento Remoto da Atmosfera Alguns Desafios Transformar radiâncias em produtos meteorológicos e ambientais. Obter informações sobre o potencial de severidade de um evento antes que ela se desenvolva. Tratar milhares de canais de forma objetiva. Utilizar a nova geração de satélite para melhorar a previsão de tempo e o monitoramento ambiental.

46 Curso de Satélite : 04 a 08 de Maio de 2015

47 Similarly, accurate estimates of SST are essential for many applications such as hurricane prediction and weather forecasting. The VIIRS SST data will be used to continue the decadal global SST time series currently derived from the AVHRR, MODIS and other sensors that is critical for climate change research. VIIRS products will augment other satellite products to provide important real- LEITURA VIIRS VIIRS and Ocean Science VIIRS, a scanning radiometer, collects visible and infrared imagery and radiometric measurements of the land, atmosphere, cryosphere, and oceans. VIIRS data is used to measure cloud and aerosol properties, ocean color, sea and land surface temperature, ice motion and temperature, fires, and Earth's albedo. Climatologists use VIIRS data to improve our understanding o global climate change. Accurate satellite measurements of ocean pigment concentrations and sea surface temperature (SST) were first demonstrated with the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) and the NOAA-7 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) launched in 1978 and 1981, respectively. Subsequent missions like the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have provided high quality time series of these and other properties by expanding the spectral information and calibration accuracy, and by improving the processing algorithms. Like MODIS, VIIRS is a multi-disciplinary sensor providing data for the ocean, land, aerosol, and cloud research and operational users. VIIRS spectral coverage will allow for data products similar to those from SeaWiFS as well as SST, a standard MODIS product. SST is an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) and, through validation with instruments traceable to NIST standards, is a Climate Data Record. Also, as with SeaWiFS and MODIS, the VIIRS scan and orbit geometries will provide global coverage every two days. Measurement of pigment concentrations, water clarity, suspended particulates and other properties in coastal regions are critical for coastal zone management, fisheries management, and naval operations. Specific applications that VIIRS can continue include operational forecasts of harmful algal blooms in the Gulf of Mexico, detection of areas at high risk for coral bleaching due to temperature, assessing fish recruitment and climate impacts, and assessing primary productivity and ecosystem health in ocean basins and coasts.

48 VIIRS and Cloud Science In general, clouds cover about 70 percent of the planet on any given day. They influence the amount of sunlight reaching the surface, and they regulate the amount of energy--both solar and thermal--that reaches space. Since 1980, polar-orbiting weather satellites have included both imagers and sounders. These types of sensors record data continuously, using different wavelengths to infer information about clouds on a global scale. They can determine cloud top height and thermodynamic phase (ice or water particles), and make estimates of microphysical and optical properties that indicate the amount of water and ice in the cloud layer. The cloud products derived from VIIRS and CrIS will serve a range of communities. For example, information on cloud cover is needed by the solar energy community to optimize energy production. Cloud products are being used increasingly in nowcasting models (up to 9 hours in the future) and in numerical weather prediction models (perhaps several days in the future). Such products are used to determine the probability of precipitation or severe weather. Since such models requires that cloud products be available soon after the data are collected, data reduction must be timely and efficient. On a longer time scale, these cloud data are used to build climate data records that are critical for establishing a decadal record of cloud properties. Technical issues associated with deriving a long-term data set of cloud properties require continual work on sensor calibration and refinement of algorithms. Historically, cloud information was provided by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the High resolution InfraRed Sounder (HIRS). On the NASA Earth Observing System Aqua and Terra platforms, such measurements are provided by the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). Over time, the technology behind these imager and sounder sensors has improved, with the latest imager being the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS). VIIRS will provide information about clouds, aerosol, and surface properties at a spatial resolution of about 750 m for most spectral measurements. VIIRS records data at a set of discrete wavelengths from the ultraviolet (0.45 _m) to the infrared (12 _m). CrIS is a hyperspectral (> 1000 spectral wavelengths) sensor that will provide complementary information about clouds, especially in complex regions such as the poles, over bright surfaces such as snow/ice, and in areas that have strong temperature inversions. The cloud properties from VIIRS, and in some regions from VIIRS combined with CrIS, will maintain continuity with the decadal cloud record from 1980 to the present that is provided by historical and current sensors such as AVHRR, HIRS, MODIS, and AIRS. VIIRS cloud products will be available at higher spatial resolution, and will be well-calibrated, which is essential for its use in continuing the climate record.

49 Impacto dos Satélites na PNT

50 Impacto dos Satélites na PNT do CPTEC Controle (todas as obs.) Sem Satélite Apenas Satélite horas de previsão Azevedo, 2013

51 Trajetória associada a passagem de 3 satélites de orbita polar durante 6 horas

52 Products: DSA/CPTEC-INPE GOES, MSG, NOAA, AQUA e TERRA.

53 S-NPP Environmental Data Records

54 Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) Cross-track scanner (22 channels, swath 2300km): It provides sounding observations needed to retrieve profiles of atmospheric temperature and moisture for civilian operational weather forecasting as well as continuity of these measurements for climate monitoring purposes. ATMS measurements also provide rainfall rates, snow and ice information.

55 Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) ATMS combines the channels of the preceding sensors (AMSU-A and AMSU-B) into a single package with considerable savings in mass, power and volume. ATMS: + canais > resolução espacial (75, 33 e 15 km) < gaps/passagens Swath mais largo (2300 km)

56 ATMS channel 18 (183 Ghz, Water Vapour Channel) November 8, 2011 Credit: NASA/NOAA

57 Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) The CrIS is the first in a series of advanced operational sounders (hyperspectral, 1297 spectral channels) that provides more accurate, detailed atmospheric temperature and moisture observations for weather and climate applications. CrIS long-wave surface temperature channel

58 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) VIIRS collects VIS and IR imagery and global observations of land, atmosphere and cryosphere. VIIRS data is used to measure cloud and aerosol properties, ocean color, sea and land surface temperature, ice motion and temperature, fires, and Earth's albedo. Climatologists use VIIRS data to improve our understanding of global climate change.

59 Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) VIIRS collects VIS and IR imagery and global observations of land, atmosphere and cryosphere. VIIRS extends and improves upon a series of measurements initiated by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). ~34 years 1981 (NOAA7) VIIRS offers more spectral bands, higher resolution, and greater accuracy resulting in the largest number of products. Products: land and sea surface temperatures, clouds, fire, smoke, snow, ice, vegetation, and ocean chlorophyll. ~15 Years 1999 (Terra)

60 Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System - CERES 3-channel radiometer, measures: solar-reflected and Earth-emitted radiation from the top of the atmosphere.

61 Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System - CERES 3-channel radiometer, measures: solar-reflected and Earth-emitted radiation from the top of the atmosphere. cloud properties ( amount, height, thickness, particle size, and phase of clouds) using simultaneous measurements by other instruments. ) CERES measurements are critical for understanding cloud-radiation effects.

62 Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) OMPS consists of three instruments: the downward-looking nadir mapper and nadir profiler, and a new instrument called the limb profiler. The improved vertical resolution of OMPS data products allows for better testing and monitoring of the complex chemistry involved in ozone destruction near the troposphere OMPS products, when combined with cloud predictions, also help produce better ultraviolet index forecasts.

63 Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb profiler. The limb profiler is a experimental instrument that measures the O3 distribution at higher vertical resolution. It's designed to continue NASA's measurements of high vertical resolution ozone profiles from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the EOS Aura, data key to understanding how changing greenhouse gases affect the recovery of the ozone layer.

64 OMPS Global Aerosol Index Image - Fires

65 JPSS Joint Polar Satellite System: Overview JPSS consists of three satellites (Suomi NPP, JPSS-1, JPSS-2), ground system and operations through Mission: provide global imagery and atmospheric measurements using polar-orbiting satellites. JPSS is a partnership between NOAA and NASA: NOAA: responsible for overall program commitment (operations, science, data exploitation and archiving.) NASA: acquisition agent for the flight system (satellite, instruments and launch vehicle) and ground system. It leads program systems engineering, and program safety and mission assurance.

66 GOES10/12 - Dedicado à América do Sul GOES-10 (Mar Dez. 2009) GOES-12 (Maio 2010 Ago. 2013) Imagens a cada 15 minutos sem interrupções.

67 Polares: NOAA, AQUA e TERRA

68 VIIRS and Ocean Science Ocean Chlorophyll Concentrations Sea Surface Temperature This image shows seasonlong composites of ocean chlorophyll concentrations derived from visible radiometric measurements made by the VIIRS. Credit: NASA/Suomi NPP/Norman Kuring

69 The Land Science VIIRS centers on three major areas: vegetation dynamics Vegetation Index, Leaf Water Content, Leaf Area Index. VIIRS and Land Science land cover change Land Cover and Fire products. cryospheric Snow and Ice products (land and sea-ice)

70 S-NPP Algorithm Maturity

71 Ozone Mapping Profiling Suite instrument's Limb Profiler Saharan dust storm on Each image is a composite of three adjacent satellite passes. (Ozone Mapping Profiling Suite instrument's Limb Profiler ) July 31 and August 1-2,