PRIMARY PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBONS

Transcrição

1 PRIMARY PROCESSING OF HYDROCARBONS (Oil Treatment) MASSEU BEATRIZ MEP IST,2014

2 AGENDA Oil Production Primary Process of Hidrocarbons Fluid Separation Equipments Separation System Major Operational Problems in the Separator Oil Treatment Methods of destabilization of emulsion oil Termo-electric treater Storage Tank Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE

3 Oil Production RESERVOIR: In the oil reservoir is normally found with gas, water and other organic compounds. These substances, including oil reservoir are in their densities To Comply. PRODUCTION: Process of extracting the hydrocarbons in controlled manner from the reservoir through well and convey it to processing or storage plant via pipelines.

4 Primary Processing of Hydrocarbons Primary processing of a plant can be simple or complex; Perform only the simplest separating gas / oil / water / while more complex include gas conditioning and compressing, processing and stabilization of oil and water treatment for reinjection or disposal.

5 Fluids Separation Separation of the fluids is responsible for the separation of oil from water and gas in a separator vessel, and these can be : Three-phase or biphasic horizontal Vertical

6 Separator / Advantages and Disadvantages VERTICAl ADVANTAGES Smaller area for installation Facilitates the removal of sand HORIZONTAL ADVANTAGES More efficient separation of gas and liquid Requires greater area DISADVANTAGES Difficulty of cleaning the top DISADVANTAGE S Difficult the removal of sand

7 OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS IN THE SEPARATOR foaming sand production paraffins drag of oil by gas

8 Oil Treatment The main goal of treatment is to reduce the oil content of emulsified water present, adapting it to the conditions of shipment to refineries. Note: To understand this process we need to know what is an emulsion. Emulsions are two immiscible liquids mixture formed a disperse phase and a continuous stable film separated by a physical barrier, consisting of emulsifiers.

9 Methods of Destabilization of Emulsion oil Different methods of destabilizing the oil emulsions of the type W / O are.employed to promote the breaking of the emulsions in the field. Addition of demulsifiers

10 Thermo-electric Treater The thermo-electric treaters combine the best principles of thermal treatment (heating to reduce viscosity) with the chemical treatment (injection solution is to destabilize emulsions) and electric (forced coalescence)

11 Storage Tanks The storage tank production is a cylindrical vessel having two utilities vital, that is, accurately measuring the production of oil, and safely store volatile, flammable oil.

12 Conclusion After a primary separation of currents produced fluids, the individual treatment phases of gas, oil and water in order to achieve the necessary marketing of oil and gas specifications and the environmental specifications for the disposal of water occurs. For example: The oil must not contain excessive amounts of water and sediment (BS & W) and salts dissolved in water. Typical maximum values are 1% BS & W and 570 or 285 mg / L (or ppm - parts per million) of salt in the oil, the first limit for intern consumption and the second for export.

13 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES BRASIL, N.I do, ARAÚJO, M.A.S., DE SOUSA, E.C.M. Processamento Primário de Petróleo e Gás. Rio de Janeiro: LTC, CHILINGARIN, G. V. ; Robertson Jr., J.O. & Kumar, S. Surface Operations in Petroleum Production. In Chiligarian, G.V. Developments in Petroleum Science 19 A. New York, ed Elsevier, 1987 JUSTINO, D. G. Principais Equipamentos de uma Unidade de Processamento Primário de Petróleo. Monografia. Faculdade de Capixaba de Nova Venécia, JÚNIOR, G. Processamento Primário de Petróleo/Noções de Processo de Refino. Engenharia Química-UFS, [20-]. PAVIE, G. Introdução á Produção e Processamento de Hidrocarbonetos, RIBEIRO, A. M. Medição de Petróleo e Gás Natural, 2ª ed., Salvador, ROSA, A. J. CARVALHO, R. S., XAVIER, J. A. D. Engenharia de Reservatórios de Petróleo. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência, SIQUEIRA, N.B.R. Estudo sobre Processamento Primário de Petróleo. Monografia. Universidade Federal Rural do Sémi-Àrido (Angicos-RN), THOMAS, J. E. Fundamentos de Engenharia de Petróleo. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Interciência: Petrobras, 2004.